Abstract：
:In systematic studies of the molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis, DNA fingerprinting is used to estimate the fraction of incident cases attributable to recent transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis rather than reactivation disease and to identify risk factors for recent transmission. This approach is based on the premise that tuberculosis cases that share a DNA fingerprint are epidemiologically related while cases in which fingerprints are unique are due to remote infection that has reactivated. In this paper, the authors review the objectives and design of molecular epidemiologic studies of tuberculosis, describe current analytical approaches, and consider the impact of these different approaches on study results. Using data from a previously published investigation of the epidemiology of tuberculosis conducted from 1990 to 1993 among tuberculosis patients in New York City, New York, the authors show how selecting different measures of disease frequency, comparison groups, and sampling strategies may impact the results and interpretability of the study. They demonstrate ways to conduct sensitivity analyses of estimated results and suggest strategies that may improve the usefulness of this approach to studying tuberculosis.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Murray M,Alland Ddoi
10.1093/aje/155.6.565subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-03-15 00:00:00pages
565-71issue
6eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
155pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The presence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in young children indicates recent tuberculosis (TB) transmission. We reviewed surveillance reports of children with LTBI to assess whether more follow-up is needed to prevent TB in this high-risk population. Data on all children under 5 years of age who were report...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwx354
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to determine whether a less favorable risk factor pattern for cardiovascular disease among persons with impaired glucose tolerance could be explained by fasting insulin, obesity, and/or a central distribution of body fat. Between 1984 and 1988, cardiovascular risk factors were examined ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116575
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are few published examples of absolute risk estimated from epidemiologic data subject to censoring and competing risks with adjustment for multiple confounders. We present an example estimating the effect of injection drug use on 6-year risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) after initiation of combin...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/aje/kwu122
更新日期：2015-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The relation between self-reported physical activity and depressive symptoms was analyzed for 1,900 healthy subjects aged 25-77 years in the Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (1982-1984) to the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I). Depressive symptomatology as measured by the Center for Epidem...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115087
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This cross-sectional study investigated the relation between intake of caffeine-containing beverages and time to conception in a population of 1,909 married women in New Haven, Connecticut, between May 12, 1980 and March 12, 1982. Women were interviewed shortly after the first prenatal visit regarding the length of ti...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116826
更新日期：1993-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The safety and immunogenicity of a plasma-derived heat-inactivated hepatitis B vaccine (CLB) were evaluated in 471 healthy human volunteers, who, both in their occupations and in their private lives, had been at minimal risk of being infected with hepatitis B virus. The first 202 individuals received three 3-microgram...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113936
更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extensive literature exists on potential risk factors for childhood asthma. To the authors' knowledge, no investigators have yet attempted to disentangle the effects of those determinants within a single study setting. The authors aimed to evaluate the independent effects of 47 potential determinants (from the prenata...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn309
更新日期：2009-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Controlling for body size and composition, the authors examined the association between estrogen therapy and bone mineral density in older African-American and Caucasian women. In 1992-1998, 443 African-American and 989 Caucasian women aged 45-87 years were assessed for medication use, laboratory variables, behavioral...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwp460
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A comparison between prescriber records and patient-reported oral contraceptive histories obtained during a case-control study of thromboembolism and oral contraceptive use served as the basis for evaluating the extent of agreement between these two sources of information. Agreement between oral contraceptive user and...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112529
更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Longitudinal observational data are required to assess the association between exposure to β-interferon medications and disease progression among relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in the "real-world" clinical practice setting. Marginal structural Cox models (MSCMs) can provide distinct advantages ov...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwu125
更新日期：2014-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Vital statistics data for the United States for the years 1972-1978 have been analyzed for variation in frequency of suicide by month, day of the week, day of the month, and phase of the lunar cycle. Frequency of suicide showed a peak in the spring months, a lesser peak in the fall and was lowest in December. Suicide ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113608
更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The association between leisure time physical activity and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality was analyzed in a Finnish cohort of 1,072 men age 35-63 years who were followed up for 10 years and 10 months. During the period, 168 deaths were recorded, 93 of which were the result of cardiovascular...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008830
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors performed a meta-analysis to estimate the magnitude of polymorphism effects for the complement component C3 gene (C3) and their possible mode of action on age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The meta-analysis included 16 and 7 studies for rs2230199 and rs1047286, respectively. Data extraction and risk ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1093/aje/kwr025
更新日期：2011-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:From July 1, 1980 to December 2, 1982, all individuals at autopsy at the University of Michigan Medical Center greater than or equal to 65 years of age and selected individuals less than 65 years of age were examined for neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Sections of the hippocampal, parahippocampal tempora...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113897
更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since June 1982, the Wisconsin Chronic Renal Disease Program has provided reimbursement for hepatitis B virus vaccine and pre- and postvaccine serologic testing for patients and staff in all Wisconsin renal dialysis centers. Between July 1, 1982 and June 30, 1984, 444 dialysis patients in 22 renal dialysis centers and...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114858
更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 40 genomic regions significantly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, GWAS results are not always straightforward to interpret, and linking these loci to meaningful disease etiology is often difficult without extensive follow-up stud...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kws123
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors assessed the association between asthma prevalence and socioeconomic status at both the individual and center levels simultaneously.by using data from 32 centers in 15 countries. Included were 10,971 subjects aged 20-44 years selected from the general population and interviewed in 1991-1992. Socioeconomic ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/aje/kwh186
更新日期：2004-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding the mediation mechanisms by which an exposure or intervention affects an outcome can provide a look into what has been called a "black box" of many epidemiologic associations, thereby providing further evidence of a relationship and possible points of intervention. Rapid methodologic developments in medi...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwy248
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Public health recommendations promote physical activity to improve health and longevity. Recent data suggest that the association between physical activity and mortality may be due to genetic selection. Using data on twins, the authors investigated whether genetic selection explains the association between physical ac...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwm132
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This population-based case-referent study investigated the lung cancer risk associated with occupational exposure to asbestos, focusing on dose-response relations and the interaction with tobacco smoking. Incident cases of lung cancer among males aged 40-75 years in Stockholm County, Sweden, were identified from 1985 ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/155.11.1016
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A higher serum phosphorus level is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) events among community-living populations. Mechanisms are unknown. The ankle-brachial index (ABI) provides information on both atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness. In this cross-sectional study (2000-2002), the authors evaluated the ass...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwq020
更新日期：2010-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous cross-sectional and longitudinal studies assessing the association between age and drinking are inconsistent. Evaluating 15,425 Black and White men and women from four communities, this study sought to determine whether there was a consistent relation between age and drinking in cross-sectional and longitudin...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/153.11.1102
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Low birth weight of offspring has been associated with increased risk of maternal cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular risk factors measured within pregnancy have been related to offspring birth weight. It is not clear whether cardiovascular risk factors assessed prior to pregnancy are associated with the offs...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwm272
更新日期：2007-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Does a rise in crime result in increased sitting time and a reduction in physical activity? We used unobserved ("fixed")-effects models to examine associations between change in objectively measured crime (nondomestic violence, malicious damage, breaking and entering, and stealing, theft, and robbery) in Australia and...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kww106
更新日期：2016-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention established the US National Tuberculosis Genotyping and Surveillance Network to study the utility of genotyping Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates for prevention and control. From 1998 to 2000, four sites performed conventional contact investigations and epidemiologic in...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwh253
更新日期：2004-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to cadmium confers increased cardiovascular risk. Tobacco smoke contains cadmium, which, hypothetically, may mediate parts of the tobacco-associated risk of developing atherosclerotic plaques. Baseline data from the Swedish Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort (1991-1996) were used to test this hypothesis. Mediation ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwx306
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An inverse association between socioeconomic status, as measured by years of education, and blood pressure has been reported in a number of studies. However, two secular trends may have changed the nature of this relation: a higher mean level of education in the population and intervention for high blood pressure in t...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116245
更新日期：1992-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Current hypotheses consonant with the peak in leukemia incidence in early childhood point to an infectious etiology. The authors examined the effect of postnatal exposures predicted to affect early immune functioning, including childhood vaccinations, illness, medication use, and breastfeeding patterns. Children 0-15 ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwm339
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors conducted a population-based case-control study of connective tissue disease in a four-county area in southeastern Georgia. Interviews with 44 cases and 88 controls were conducted in September and October of 1986. The association with a family history of these disorders was reconfirmed, and a positive asso...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115348
更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors evaluated risk factors potentially associated with the development of popliteal artery atherosclerosis in a population-based study and compared them with factors linked to carotid wall intimal-medial thickness. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study is a longitudinal investigation of cardiova...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009929
更新日期：1999-11-15 00:00:00
