Abstract:
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Cavernous malformations of the brain (CMs) cause intracranial hemorrhage, but its reported frequency varies, partly attributable to study design. To improve the validity of future research, we aimed to develop a robust definition of CM hemorrhage. METHODS:We systematically reviewed the published literature (Ovid Medline and Embase to June 1, 2007) for definitions of CM hemorrhage used in studies of the untreated clinical course of >or=20 participants with CM(s), to inform the development of a consensus statement on the clinical and imaging features of CM hemorrhage at a scientific workshop of the Angioma Alliance. RESULTS:A systematic review of 1426 publications about CMs in humans, revealed 15 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. Although 14 (93%) studies provided a definition of CM hemorrhage, data were less complete on the confirmatory type(s) of imaging (87%), whether CM hemorrhage should be clinically symptomatic (73%), and whether hemorrhage had to extend outside the CM or not (47%). We define a CM hemorrhage as requiring acute or subacute onset symptoms (any of: headache, epileptic seizure, impaired consciousness, or new/worsened focal neurological deficit referable to the anatomic location of the CM) accompanied by radiological, pathological, surgical, or rarely only cerebrospinal fluid evidence of recent extra- or intralesional hemorrhage. The definition includes neither an increase in CM diameter without other evidence of recent hemorrhage, nor the existence of a hemosiderin halo. CONCLUSIONS:A consistent approach to clinical and brain imaging classification of CM hemorrhage will improve the external validity of future CM research.
journal_name
Strokejournal_title
Strokeauthors
Al-Shahi Salman R,Berg MJ,Morrison L,Awad IA,Angioma Alliance Scientific Advisory Board.doi
10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.515544subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-12-01 00:00:00pages
3222-30issue
12eissn
0039-2499issn
1524-4628pii
STROKEAHA.108.515544journal_volume
39pub_type
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