Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To characterise different meal types by examining the contribution of specific meals to the total intakes and the nutritional quality of each meal. DESIGN:A cross-sectional analysis was conducted based on dietary data collected using 4-d dietary record. Diet quality was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index-2015 and Nutrient-Rich Food Index 9.3. SETTING:Japan. PARTICIPANTS:Adults aged 20-81 years (n 639). RESULTS:Diet quality was, on average, highest for dinner, followed, in order, by lunch, breakfast and snacks. Breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, on average, accounted for 21 %, 32 %, 40 % and 11 % of total energy intake, respectively. For many nutrients, the percentage contribution to total intake did not vary within each meal, broadly in line with that for energy: 18-24 % for breakfast, 26-35 % for lunch, 35-49 % for dinner and 4-15 % for snacks. However, intakes of many foods largely depended on one meal type. The foods mainly eaten at dinner were potatoes, pulses, total vegetables, fish, meat and alcoholic beverages (52-70 %), in contrast to noodles (58 %) at lunch and bread (71 %) and dairy products (50 %) at breakfast. The foods mainly eaten at snacks were confectioneries (79 %) and sugar-sweetened beverages (52 %). Conversely, rice and eggs were more evenly distributed across three main meals (19-41 % and 30-38 %, respectively), while fruit and non-energetic beverages were more evenly distributed across all meal types (17-30 % and 19-35 %, respectively). CONCLUSIONS:These findings provide the background information on each meal type in Japanese and may help inform the development of meal-based guidelines and public health messages.
journal_name
Public Health Nutrjournal_title
Public health nutritionauthors
Murakami K,Shinozaki N,Livingstone MBE,Fujiwara A,Asakura K,Masayasu S,Sasaki Sdoi
10.1017/S1368980020004310subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-11-10 00:00:00pages
1-13eissn
1368-9800issn
1475-2727pii
S1368980020004310pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate time patterns of compliance with nutrient goals recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). DESIGN:A single aggregated indicator of distance from the key WHO recommendations for a healthy diet is built using FAOSTAT intake data, bounded between 0 (maximum possible distance from goals)...
journal_title:Public health nutrition
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doi:10.1017/S1368980007000900
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journal_title:Public health nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1368980011002680
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journal_title:Public health nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/s1368980000000604
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.1079/phn2006845
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.1017/S1368980015003201
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
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更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.1017/S1368980014001578
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Public health nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00