Abstract:
:Exponential decay in community similarity as a function of distance is a ubiquitous phenomenon in biogeography. Thus, for parasite communities, pairwise similarity decreases with increasing geographical distance between host populations. This biogeographical rule should also apply along other dimensions characterizing the separation between communities. Since host-switching and phylogenetic affinities among host species affect the evolution of parasite faunas across host phylogenetic space the same way as dispersal and environmental gradients affect the assembly of local communities in geographical space, an exponential decay in similarity of parasite faunas with increasing host phylogenetic distance should be observed. This prediction is tested using data on metazoan parasites of 45 species of Canadian freshwater fishes belonging to 5 families. Across all host species, pairwise similarity in the composition of parasite faunas decayed exponentially, though not strongly, with increasing phylogenetic distance between hosts (measured as the number of substitutions per site along DNA sequences). A meta-analysis of correlations computed for separate fish families indicates only a very weak overall relationship. Data distribution indicates that phylogenetically close host species tend to share many of their parasites, while phylogenetically distant hosts have roughly equal chances of harbouring very similar or very dissimilar parasite faunas. The same pattern was seen when monogenean and trematode parasites were analysed separately, whereas no significant decay was observed for cestodes or nematodes, suggesting different patterns of host-switching and parasite colonization among these taxa. The results show that similarity in species composition decreases, though weakly, with increasing distance in the same manner in phylogenetic space as it does in geographical space.
journal_name
Parasitologyjournal_title
Parasitologyauthors
Poulin Rdoi
10.1017/S0031182009991491subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-04-01 00:00:00pages
733-41issue
4eissn
0031-1820issn
1469-8161pii
S0031182009991491journal_volume
137pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PARASITOLOGY文献大全abstract::The present study was undertaken to investigate the antiparasitic activity of extracellular products of Streptomyces albus. Bioactivity-guided isolation of chloroform extracts affording a compound showing potent activity. The structure of the compound was elucidated as salinomycin (SAL) by EI-MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. I...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182018001919
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small vessels showing inflammatory cell infiltrates were invariably observed in the vicinity of intact Toxoplasma tissue cysts within the brains of mice congenitally infected with the protozoan. Lymphocytes were observed in intimate contact with the luminal aspect of the endothelium, penetrating into the thickened bas...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000063873
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A cross-sectional sero-epidemiological study was performed in Magoda, Tanzania, an area where malaria is holoendemic. Blood samples were collected from children (1-4 years) and tested for IgG antibody reactivity against 2 recombinant protein fragments of Plasmodium falciparum Rhoptry-Associated Protein-1 (rRAP-1). The...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182099004825
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The anthelmintic properties of tanniferous plants and of their secondary metabolites represent one possible alternative to chemotherapy that is currently being explored as a means of achieving sustainable control of gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants. Previous in vivo and in vitro results suggest that tanniferous...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182005009509
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Currently available methods for the diagnosis of human schistosomiasis often lack enough sensitivity and specificity. Recently, several authors have developed more specific and sensitive diagnostic methods, mainly based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Nevertheless, these have been only applied for th...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182006000898
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sex ratio of adult worms has been observed biased towards males in Schistosoma mansoni under natural conditions. The origin of this bias is unknown. This paper determines whether males are more infective than females under controlled experimental bisexual conditions, and hence if the sex ratio is male-biased as a ...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182099006393
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunopathological and ultrastructural studies were carried out on the gut of 30 specimens of powan Coregonus lavaretus (L.) from Lake Piediluco, Italy. The digestive tracts of 10 (33.3%) of the powan were found to harbour an acanthocephalan Dentitruncus truttae (Sinzar 1955). The numerous trunk spines of D. truttae r...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182009006295
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 4-aminoquinolines chloroquine (CQ) and amodiaquine (AM) were used to treat Gambian children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria in a randomized drug trial. Blood samples were taken immediately before treatment (day 0), and at day 7 and day 28 after treatment. Samples from those parasitologically positive at day ...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/s0031182096008487
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:SUMMARY:The spermatozoa of ticks are anomalous in many respects: they are very large, cytoplasm-rich cells which lack a flagellum but move with a peculiar gliding motility. Their metamorphosis after deposition in the female has been well documented, but many of the subsequent events in the career of the spermatozoa are...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182009005630
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni were incubated in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% fetal calf serum, 10% human portal venous or 10% human peripheral venous sera in the presence of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in order to measure differences in cell proliferation. The rates of cell proliferation as expressed by BrdU la...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182098003096
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The number of facilities in which customers make contact with cats before eating and drinking, called 'cat cafés', has recently increased in Tokyo, Japan. In a survey to clarify the possibility of zoonotic transmission in Giardia duodenalis, the infection rates of G. duodenalis in 321 stool samples of cats from 16 cat...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182010001459
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conventional mice and congenitally athymic, nude mice were infected with 20 metacercariae of the intestinal trematode Echinostoma revolutum. The sequential events in the pathological changes in the intestine were studied at different intervals post-infection. By day 11 onwards the conventional mice displayed dilatatio...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000054706
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies of the forces behind the diversification of parasite assemblages have shed light on many aspects of parasite biodiversity. By using only parasite species richness as their measure of diversity, however, previous investigations have ignored the relatedness among parasite species and the taxonomic structu...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182004005050
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study, a recombinant aminopeptidase P (rTgAPP) from Toxoplasma gondii was expressed in Escherichia coli to evaluate its enzyme parameters. The rTgAPP showed strong activity against a synthetic substrate for aminopeptidase P at pH 8·0 with a K m value of 0·255 µ m and a k cat value of 35·6 s-1. The overa...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182016000986
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neospora caninum is a cyst-forming parasite that causes abortion in cattle. Despite this parasite's ubiquitous distribution and wide host range, the number of N. caninum isolates obtained to date is limited. In vitro isolation of the parasite is arduous and often unsuccessful. In addition, most isolates have been obta...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S003118200800509X
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The biological parameters which generate seasonal fluctuations in the size of populations of Caryophyllaeus laticeps are examined in detail. A mathematical model is formulated to describe the dynamics of the adult parasite within the fish host Abramis brama, and the predictions of the model are compared with observed ...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000049490
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The host-parasite relationship is exquisitely specific. In exploiting the host niche, a variety of helminth parasites have been shown to directly manipulate their hosts' immune responses. We assessed the ability of a whole-worm extract of Hymenolepis diminuta to modulate immune cell activation. Immune cells isolated f...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182004006985
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vivo activity of two cyclosporins, cyclosporin A (CsA) and a non-immunosuppressive derivative of dihydrocylosporin A (DHCsA-d) against three tapeworms, Hymenolepis microstoma, H. diminuta and Mesocestoides corti, has been assessed. CsA reversibly reduced the dry weight of H. microstoma in the mouse, briefly del...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000062211
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 30-h in vitro susceptibility test of Plasmodium falciparum wild isolates to artemisinin, chloroquine, sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine and mefloquine was performed in Kibaha, Tanzania. A sigmoid Emax model was fitted to all data for each isolate and drug combination. Artemisinin and mefloquine exhibited 100% growth inhibit...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Philasterides dicentrarchi causes a severe disease in turbot, and at present there are no drugs available to treat infected fish. We have previously demonstrated that, in addition to the classical respiratory pathway, P. dicentrarchi possesses an alternative mitochondrial respiratory pathway that is cyanide-insensitiv...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182014000572
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The group of haemosporidian parasites is of general interest to basic and applied science, since several species infect mammals, leading to malaria and associated disease symptoms. Although the great majority of haemosporidian parasites appear in bird hosts, as in the case of Leucocytozoon buteonis, there is little ge...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182012000972
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nematophagous fungi are used in the biological control of the parasitic helminths of animals and plants. The association of ovicidal and predator nematophagous fungi may present a complementary and increased action on the biological control of helminths. Joint growth compatibility and predation tests were carried out ...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S003118201900060X
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blood examination by microhaematocrit and haemoculture of 459 snakes belonging to 37 species revealed 2.4% trypanosome prevalence in species of Viperidae (Crotalus durissus and Bothrops jararaca) and Colubridae (Pseudoboa nigra). Trypanosome cultures from C. durissus and P. nigra were behaviourally and morphologically...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182008004253
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recombinant ribosomal DNA sequences were amplified by PCR and used as probes to perform a fingerprint analysis of total DNA from different Entamoeba histolytica isolates. RFLPs obtained with one of the probes, R-1, support previous proposals that pathogenic and non-pathogenic E. histolytica are closely related, yet ge...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000061679
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dynamic interaction of cells of the immune system with other cells, antigens and secreted factors determines the nature of an immune response. The response of individual cells is governed by the sequence of intracellular signalling events triggered following the association of cell surface molecules during cell-ce...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0031182005008115
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relative importance of temporal and spatial effects was assessed in helminth communities of bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in 3 woodland sites in N.E. Poland in the late summers of 1999 and 2002. Among common species the rank order of sites in relation to prevalence and abundance of infection was maintained between...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182008004484
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Described in the present study is a major component of the cell wall of 2 of the most pathogenic parasites of molluscs, Perkinsus atlanticus and P. marinus. The component is a high molecular weight protein (233 kDa), which we have named PWP-1 (for Perkinsus wall protein-1). Western blots, using a polyclonal serum gene...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182002001415
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The capacity of Acanthocheilonema viteae to metabolize fructose was investigated in vitro. In common with other filarial species A. viteae oxidized fructose to lactate but its rate of consumption was only 40% of the glucose-containing control value. Fructose was not incorporated into glycogen. Release of 14CO2 from [U...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000060649
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The first rigorous proof applicable to the migration pathway of an infective juvenile macroparasite inside its host is presented. Third-stage larvae of a homogonic strain of Strongyloides ratti applied in exact doses of less than 20 to the skin of the flank of young rats were recovered 16-40 h later in the naso-fronta...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000080185
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differentiation of epimastigotes and production of infective metacyclic forms of Trypanosoma congolense were examined in a culture system which enabled manipulation of the population density of insect forms. Scanning electron microscopy of cultures revealed the attachment sites of epimastigotes in detail, showing them...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00