Abstract：
:Our main purpose was to investigate how smoking and nicotine interacted with specific aspects of cognitive functioning. The research was conducted in two parts: (i) an investigation of cognition in heavy smokers and healthy nonsmokers, and (ii) an investigation of cognition in healthy nonsmokers enrolled in a clinical trial involving administration of nicotine gum. Results indicated that the relationship between smoking and nicotine was characterized by an inverted U-shaped effect. On the one hand, cognitive test performance of the heavy smokers group was reduced on all of the cognitive tasks used here. On the other hand, healthy nonsmokers who used 2-mg of nicotine gum performed better, whilst the 4-mg group performed worse than the 2-mg and the placebo group. Demographic data were not related to the cognitive tasks. These data suggest that small doses of nicotine can have an activating function that leads to improved cognition, while heavy smoking on a chronic (and possibly acute) basis leads to cognitive impairment.
journal_name
Psychiatry Resjournal_title
Psychiatry researchauthors
Almeida NL,Rodrigues SJ,Gonçalves LM,Silverstein SM,Sousa IC,Gomes GH,Butler PD,Fernandes TP,Santos NAdoi
10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113357subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-11-01 00:00:00pages
113357eissn
0165-1781issn
1872-7123pii
S0165-1781(20)30757-5journal_volume
293pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Recent studies in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have shown that many compulsions are associated with urges rather than obsessions. Premonitory urges are uncomfortable sensory feelings or a rising inner tension, often likened to the urge to scratch, yawn or blink. We studied premonitory urges preced...
journal_title：Psychiatry research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Impaired visual integration is well documented in schizophrenia and related to functional outcomes. However, it is unclear if this deficit is specific to schizophrenia, or characteristic of psychosis more broadly. To address this question, this study used a Bayesian model comparison approach to examine the evidence of...
journal_title：Psychiatry research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Psychiatry research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-1781(97)00126-1
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journal_title：Psychiatry research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Psychiatry research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Implementation science is focused on maximizing the adoption, appropriate use, and sustainability of effective clinical practices in real world clinical settings. Many implementation science questions can be feasibly answered by fully experimental designs, typically in the form of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). ...
journal_title：Psychiatry research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Psychiatry research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychiatry research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1998-09-21 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychiatry research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychiatry research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1996-04-16 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychiatry research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.068
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychiatry research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.008
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-1781(02)00008-2
更新日期：2002-04-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychiatry research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Psychiatry research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.036
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychiatry research
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journal_title：Psychiatry research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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abstract：:Alcohol misuse is associated with negative mental and physical health outcomes, which presents a public health concern in veterans. However, less is known regarding outcomes among veterans with low to moderate alcohol consumption. This study included veterans with military service in Iraq and/or Afghanistan (N = 1083)...
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journal_title：Psychiatry research
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更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychiatry research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psychres.2016.12.055
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychiatry research
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更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the degree to which subclinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms (SOCS) among individuals with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) were associated with response inhibition difficulties on a performance-based test. Participants consisted of 64 adults with AD/HD who completed the Conner׳s C...
journal_title：Psychiatry research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psychres.2014.01.034
更新日期：2014-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) among patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Records of patients who had received ECT were reviewed to identify patients with TRS who were administered ECT in combination with clozapine. Socio-demographic, clinical data a...
journal_title：Psychiatry research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.042
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychiatry research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113645
更新日期：2020-12-16 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the complexity of the electroencephalogram (EEG) in schizophrenic patients by estimating the first Lyapunov exponent (L1), which might serve as an indicator of the specific brain function in schizophrenia. We recorded the EEG from 25 schizophrenic patients (12 male, 13 female; age=25.1+/-7.0 years) fulfilli...
journal_title：Psychiatry research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4927(00)00052-4
更新日期：2000-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A visual analogue scale to evaluate fatigue severity (VAS-F) was developed and tested in a sample of 75 healthy individuals and a sample of 57 patients undergoing medical evaluation for sleep disorders. The scale consists of 18 items related to fatigue and energy, has simple instructions, and is completed with minimal...
journal_title：Psychiatry research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-1781(91)90027-m
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
