Proteolysis and autolysis of proteases and the detection of degradation products in doping control.

abstract：:The abuse of stanozolol is quite widespread in Indian sport. Its analysis is challenging and this has led to the development of new methods to improve its detection. A method was developed and validated for the detection of the three main monohydroxylated metabolites of stanozolol. The excretion profile of these metab...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Ahi S,Beotra A,Jain S

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The direct alcohol marker ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is widely used for the assessment of alcohol consumption behavior and abstinence monitoring by hair analysis. We investigated the influence of chlorinated swimming pool water on EtG concentrations in hair in comparison to deionized water (Milli-Q) containing no chlorin...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Luginbühl M,Nussbaumer S,Weinmann W

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of corticosteroids, such as betamethasone, in performance horses is tightly regulated. The objective of the current study was to describe the plasma pharmacokinetics of betamethasone as well as time-related urine and synovial fluid concentrations following intra-articular administration to horses. Twelve racin...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Knych HK,Stanley SD,Harrison LM,Mckemie DS

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Italy, Workplace Drug Testing (WDT) has been compulsory by law for specific categories of workers since 2008, offering the opportunity to compare studies conducted within a single regulatory framework. The aims of this paper are to estimate the overall prevalence of WDT positivity (at screening survey) among Italia...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Rosso GL,Montomoli C,Morini L,Candura SM

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:5-(2-Aminopropyl)indole (5-IT) is a psychoactive compound that has recently been associated with several fatal and non-fatal intoxications in a number of European countries. There are indications that acute effects may include symptoms of monoaminergic (e.g. serotonin) toxicity and one mechanism involved in the increa...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Herraiz T,Brandt SD

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cobalt is an essential mineral micronutrient and is regularly present in equine nutritional and feed supplements. Therefore, cobalt is naturally present at low concentrations in biological samples. The administration of cobalt chloride is considered to be blood doping and is thus prohibited. To control the misuse of c...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Popot MA,Ho ENM,Stojiljkovic N,Bagilet F,Remy P,Maciejewski P,Loup B,Chan GHM,Hargrave S,Arthur RM,Russo C,White J,Hincks P,Pearce C,Ganio G,Zahra P,Batty D,Jarrett M,Brooks L,Prescott LA,Bailly-Chouriberry L,Bo

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Among the recently emerged synthetic cannabinoids, MDMB-CHMICA (methyl N-{[1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]carbonyl}-3-methylvalinate) shows an extraordinarily high prevalence in intoxication cases, necessitating analytical methods capable of detecting drug uptake. In this study, the in vivo phase I metabolism of M...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Franz F,Angerer V,Moosmann B,Auwärter V

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Higenamine was included in the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited Substances and Methods List as a β2 -adrenoceptor agonist in 2017, thereby resulting in its prohibition both in and out of competition. The present mini review describes the physiology and pharmacology of adrenoceptors, summarizes the literature...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Hudzik TJ,Patel M,Brown A

更新日期：2020-12-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) combination is an anaesthetic drug commonly used in veterinary medicine. It is an equal amount combination of tiletamine, a dissociative anaesthetic pharmacologically classified as an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, and zolazepam, a benzodiazepine tranquilizer. There are ...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： de la Peña JB,Cheong JH

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Amphetamine (AMP) is used as an illicit drug and also for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Respective drugs most often contain the enantiomer (S)-AMP as active compound or (S)-AMP is formed from the prodrug lisdexamfetamine (Elvanse®) whereas the illicit drug is usually traded as racem...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Binz TM,Williner E,Strajhar P,Dolder PC,Liechti ME,Baumgartner MR,Kraemer T,Steuer AE

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical and forensic toxicology laboratories are continuously confronted by analytical challenges when dealing with the new psychoactive substances phenomenon. The number of synthetic cannabinoids, the chemical diversity, and the speed of emergence make this group of compounds particularly challenging in terms of det...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Liu C,Jia W,Hua Z,Qian Z

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effectiveness of doping control in sport has been improved continuously during the past 50 years. One of the major steps forward was the introduction of unannounced and targeted out-of-competition testing in order to control the misuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), mainly during the end of the 1980s. It a...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Hemmersbach P

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Harm reduction services, including needle-exchange programmes, have been implemented in Switzerland for over 20 years. Their main aim is to lessen the negative social and/or physical consequences associated with illicit drug consumption and, therefore, improve prevention messages. To this end, knowledge of illicit dru...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Lefrançois E,Augsburger M,Esseiva P

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Addiction is a complex disorder with interacting factors, including environmental factors, drug-induced neurobiological changes, comorbidity, personality traits and stress responsivity. Numerous genetic variants that affect these factors may work in concert to affect vulnerability and severity of addiction. Traditiona...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Fattore L

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The laboratory anti-doping services during XXII Winter Olympic and XI Paralympic games in Sochi in 2014 were provided by a satellite laboratory facility located within the strictly secured Olympic Park. This laboratory, established and operated by the personnel of Antidoping Center, Moscow, has been authorized by the ...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Sobolevsky T,Krotov G,Dikunets M,Nikitina M,Mochalova E,Rodchenkov G

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three legal highs; nitracaine (3-(diethylamino)-2,2-dimethylpropyl 4-nitrobenzoate), methoxypiperamide (MEOP, (4-methoxyphenyl)(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methanone) and mephtetramine (MTTA, 2-((methylamino)methyl)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one) appeared in 2013 as new psychoactive substances (NPS) on Internet websites ...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Power JD,Scott KR,Gardner EA,Curran McAteer BM,O'Brien JE,Brehon M,Talbot B,Kavanagh PV

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synthetic cathinones continue to proliferate in clandestine drug markets worldwide. N-ethylnorpentylone (also known as N-ethylpentylone or ephylone) is a popular emergent cathinone, yet little information is available about its toxicology and pharmacology. Here we characterize the analytical quantification, clinical p...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Costa JL,Cunha KF,Lanaro R,Cunha RL,Walther D,Baumann MH

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oral fluid (OF) is an important matrix for monitoring drugs. Smoking cannabis is common, but vaporization and edible consumption also are popular. OF pharmacokinetics are available for controlled smoked cannabis, but few data exist for vaporized and oral routes. Frequent and occasional cannabis smokers were recruited ...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Swortwood MJ,Newmeyer MN,Andersson M,Abulseoud OA,Scheidweiler KB,Huestis MA

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Morin on the pharmacokinetics of Piracetam in rats, in vitro enzyme kinetics and metabolic stability (high throughput) studies using human liver microsomes in UPLC. For pharmacokinetics studies, male Wistar rats were pretreated with Morin (10 mg/kg) for one week a...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Sahu K,Shaharyar M,Siddiqui AA

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tretoquinol (trimetoquinol), a β2-agonist, has been explicitly listed on the World Anti-Doping Agency Prohibited List 2019 since January 2019; however, it has been distributed as an antiasthmatic on the medical market. This study aimed to develop a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the quantif...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Okano M,Miyamoto A,Sato M,Kageyama S

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The steroidal module of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) aims to detect doping with endogenous steroids, e.g. testosterone (T), by longitudinally monitoring several biomarkers. These biomarkers are ratios combined into urinary concentrations of testosterone and metabolically related steroids. However, it is evide...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Mullen J,Baekken LV,Törmäkangas T,Ekström L,Ericsson M,Hullstein IR,Schulze JJ

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The amphetamine molecule contains a chiral center and its enantiomers exhibit differences in pharmacological effects, with the S-enantiomer mediating most of the central nervous system stimulating activity. The majority of prescribed amphetamine consists of the pure S-enantiomer, but therapeutic formulations containin...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Havnen H,Hansen M,Spigset O,Hegstad S

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The high frequency of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) emergence renders this group of new psychoactive compounds particularly demanding in terms of detection, identification, and responding. Without the available reference material, one of the specific problems is differentiation and structure eluc...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Martek BA,Mihelač M,Gazvoda M,Virant M,Urankar D,Krivec M,Gostič T,Nemec B,Koštrun B,Janežič M,Klemenc S,Košmrlj J

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), mimicking the psychoactive effects of cannabis, consist of a vast array of structurally diverse compounds. A novel compound belonging to the SC family, (1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone (named TMCP-CHM in this article) contains a cyclopropane r...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Grigoryev A,Kavanagh P,Labutin A,Pechnikov A,Dowling G,Shevyrin V,Krupina N

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Standard treatment of poisoning by organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents with atropine and oximes lacks efficacy with some nerve agents. Promising in vitro and in vivo results were obtained with the bispyridinium compound SAD-128 which was partly attributed to its interaction with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Previ...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Niessen KV,Tattersall JE,Timperley CM,Bird M,Green C,Thiermann H,Worek F

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Therapeutic drug concentrations measured in plasma are of limited value as reference intervals for interpretation in post-mortem (PM) toxicology. In this study, drug concentration distributions were studied in PM femoral venous blood from 57 903 Finnish autopsy cases representing all causes of death during an 11-year ...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Launiainen T,Ojanperä I

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The presence of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) in the urine samples collected from athletes is detected using traditional Western blotting following either size-based separation (SDS/SAR-PAGE) or isoelectric focusing (IEF). Although there is an important testing effort, there is little doubt that ESAs are st...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Desharnais P,Naud JF,Ayotte C

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this tutorial we describe the construction of chemiluminescence detectors for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), comprising the components required to deliver the chemiluminescence reagent, a coiled-tubing flow cell, photomultiplier tube and detector housing, and various options for data acquisition. We...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Adcock JL,Terry JM,Barrow CJ,Barnett NW,Olson DC,Francis PS

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) have great therapeutic potential in various diseases including cancer cachexia, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis, and the number of drug candidates has been growing over the last decade. The SARM drug candidates S-22 and S-23 belong to one of the most advanced groups of andro...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Thevis M,Gerace E,Thomas A,Beuck S,Geyer H,Schlörer N,Kearbey JD,Dalton JT,Schänzer W

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Workplace drug testing in Europe is governed by a patchwork of legislation--or lack of it. Other difficulties are caused by language, currency and a host of other factors, including the difficulty in defining 'safety critical'. The European Workplace Drug Testing Society's (EWDTS) history and objectives are briefly ou...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Pierce A

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00