The Probenecid-story - A success in the fight against doping through out-of-competition testing.

abstract：:Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the main mechanism of action of organophosphorus compounds (OP), and AChE reactivators (oximes) are at present the only causal therapeutic approach. Being the key target of OP toxicity, AChE may serve as a valuable tool for diagnosis of OP exposure as well as for the invest...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Worek F,Eyer P,Thiermann H

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Increasing numbers of new psychoactive substances (NPS) among them fentanyl derivatives has been reported by the European monitoring centre for drugs and drug addiction (EMCDDA). Butyrfentanyl is a new fentanyl derivative whose potency ratio was found to be seven compared to morphine and 0.13 compared to fentanyl. Sev...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Steuer AE,Williner E,Staeheli SN,Kraemer T

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Detection of the abuse of synthetic steroids in food production is nowadays relatively straightforward using modern techniques such as gas or liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS or LC-MS/MS, respectively). However, proving the abuse of 'endogenous' (or naturally occurring) steroids is more dif...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Scarth JP,Kay J,Teale P,Akre C,Le Bizec B,De Brabander HF,Vanhaecke L,Van Ginkel L,Points J

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:New bioanalytical assays were developed, validated, and applied in a clinical study for quantitative measurement of acetaminophen concentrations in blood and plasma samples. Furthermore, after validation, the bioanalytical assays were used for determination of pharmacokinetics within a group of six healthy male human ...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Rincón JP,Meesters RJ

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The direct alcohol marker ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is widely used for the assessment of alcohol consumption behavior and abstinence monitoring by hair analysis. We investigated the influence of chlorinated swimming pool water on EtG concentrations in hair in comparison to deionized water (Milli-Q) containing no chlorin...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Luginbühl M,Nussbaumer S,Weinmann W

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Italy, Workplace Drug Testing (WDT) has been compulsory by law for specific categories of workers since 2008, offering the opportunity to compare studies conducted within a single regulatory framework. The aims of this paper are to estimate the overall prevalence of WDT positivity (at screening survey) among Italia...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Rosso GL,Montomoli C,Morini L,Candura SM

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The consumption of drugs is of great concern worldwide. Various drug tests for humans have been developed but there is no compact and easy-to-use test device available yet for direct semi-quantitative drug testing in the field. We suggest using attenuated total reflection (ATR) infrared spectroscopy as a sensing metho...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Hans KM,Müller S,Sigrist MW

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and piperaquine (PPQ) are two drugs used in an artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). The circulation of counterfeit antimalarial drugs demands the development of simple, point-of-care (POC) tests for monitoring drug quality. Here we aimed to design an antibody-based lateral flow dipstic...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Ning X,Tan G,Chen X,Wang M,Wang B,Cui L

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Therapeutic drug monitoring of antipsychotics is important in optimizing individual therapy. In psychiatric populations, classical venous blood sampling is experienced as frightening. Interest in alternative techniques, like dried blood spots (DBS), has consequently increased. A fast and easy to perform DBS method for...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Patteet L,Maudens KE,Stove CP,Lambert WE,Morrens M,Sabbe B,Neels H

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anabolic steroids are banned substances in equine sports. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been the traditional technique for doping control analysis of anabolic steroids in biological samples. Although liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has become an important technique in doping control,...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Wong ASY,Leung GNW,Leung DKK,Wan TSM

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clostebol is a synthetic anabolic androgenic steroid, with potential use as a performance-enhancing drug if taken for long periods in order to produce the desired effect. Recently, the use of medications containing clostebol acetate has led to the suspension of several athletes in various sports. Previous studies have...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Salomone A,Gerace E,Di Corcia D,Alladio E,Vincenti M,Kintz P

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study was designed to provide preliminary information on the potential impact of metabolic drug-drug interaction on the effectiveness of doping control strategies currently followed by the anti-doping laboratories to detect the intake of prohibited agents. In vitro assays based on the use of human liver mi...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Mazzarino M,de la Torre X,Fiacco I,Botrè F

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) study based on an artificial neural network (ANN) was carried out for the prediction of the microemulsion liquid chromatography polar surface area (PSA) of a set of 32 drug compounds. The genetic algorithm-kernel partial least squares (GA-KPLS) method was used as a...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Noorizadeh H,Farmany A,Noorizadeh M,Kohzadi M

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The detection of drug abuse in horseracing often requires knowledge of drug metabolism, especially if urine is the matrix of choice. In this study, equine liver/lung microsomes/S9 tissue fractions were used to study the phase I metabolism of eight drugs of relevance to equine drug surveillance (acepromazine, azaperone...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Scarth JP,Spencer HA,Timbers SE,Hudson SC,Hillyer LL

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prenylamine is a vasodilator of phenylalkylamine structure and was used for the treatment of angina pectoris, until reports of undesirable effects including ventricular tachycardia led to a decreasing use of the drug in the 1980s. Metabolic N-dealkylation of orally ingested prenylamine can liberate amphetamine in huma...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Beuck S,Sigmund G,Koch A,Schänzer W,Pokrywka A,Kwiatkowska D,Thevis M

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Iso-α-acids (IAAs) can be used as markers for the consumption of beer. Postmortem specimens from a range of coronial cases were analyzed for IAAs in order to determine the prevalence of beer consumption and any correlation to blood alcohol concentrations (BAC). A total of 130 cases were included in this study includin...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Rodda LN,Gerostamoulos D,Drummer OH

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Docetaxel (DTX) is an anti-cancer compound derived from 10-deacetyl baccatin III which is indicated for treatment of breast, lung, prostate, gastro-esophageal, and head and neck cancers. Epimerization of DTX at the C-7 hydroxyl position has intrigued chemists and has been implicated in loss of potency, as well as in t...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Mohsin S,Arellano IH,Choudhury NR,Garg S

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) combination is an anaesthetic drug commonly used in veterinary medicine. It is an equal amount combination of tiletamine, a dissociative anaesthetic pharmacologically classified as an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, and zolazepam, a benzodiazepine tranquilizer. There are ...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： de la Peña JB,Cheong JH

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rocuronium bromide is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent that causes rapid muscle relaxation after intravenous injection. Regulatory authorities for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use require the evaluation of the stability of active compounds under various stress conditions. Forced degradation...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Wegener O,Harms G,Volmer DA,Hayen H

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fast and unequivocal drug detection is of considerable importance in numerous fields of analytical chemistry, and today mass spectrometry-based approaches are often the method of choice due to their sensitive and specific nature. Mass spectrometry is in constant flux with innovations and thus supports the development ...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Thevis M,Volmer DA

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The synthesis of positional isomers of designer drugs is a common way of bypassing legal restrictions. For forensic case work, and especially for the legal assessment of cases, there is a need for screening methods capable of the unequivocal identification of positional isomers. The presented liquid chromatography-ele...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Grumann C,Auwärter V

更新日期：2018-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Deschloroketamine (2-(methylamino)-2-phenyl-cyclohexanone) is a ketamine analog belonging to a group of dissociative anesthetics, which have been distributed within the illicit market since 2015. However, it was also being sold as 'ketamine' misleading people to believe that they were getting genuine ketamine. Dissoci...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Hájková K,Jurásek B,Čejka J,Štefková K,Páleníček T,Sýkora D,Kuchař M

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study demonstrates the applicability of a strategy involving use of liquid chromatography (LC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques for the identification and characterization of minute quantities of degradation products, without their isolation from the reaction matrix in pure fo...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Mehta S,Shah RP,Singh S

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Flubromazolam is a triazole benzodiazepine with high potency and long-lasting central nervous system depressant effects; however, limited data about its pharmacokinetics are available. Here, we report in vitro studies of the human flubromazolam metabolism analyzed by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrom...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Noble C,Mardal M,Bjerre Holm N,Stybe Johansen S,Linnet K

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Xenon is a modern inhalative anaesthetic with a very low solubility in tissues providing rapid elimination and weaning from anaesthesia. Besides its anaesthetic properties, Xenon promotes the endogenous erythropoietin biosynthesis and thus has been enlisted as prohibited substance by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Schaefer MS,Piper T,Geyer H,Schneemann J,Neukirchen M,Thevis M,Kienbaum P

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To date, substances such as Mildronate (Meldonium) are not on the radar of anti-doping laboratories as the compound is not explicitly classified as prohibited. However, the anti-ischemic drug Mildronate demonstrates an increase in endurance performance of athletes, improved rehabilitation after exercise, protection ag...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Görgens C,Guddat S,Dib J,Geyer H,Schänzer W,Thevis M

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:At present, there is a growing trend toward the intentional adulteration of dietary supplements (DS) with synthetic pharmaceuticals, which represents an alarming emerging risk to consumers and a serious problem for regulatory agencies. An amazing array of synthetic drugs and their analogues have been reported as adult...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Muschietti L,Redko F,Ulloa J

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Classic examples of psychoactive arylcycloalkylamines include ketamine and 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine (PCP) and many others serve as important structural templates for neuropharmacological research. The recent emergence of PCP analogues that can be obtained from internet retailers requires the implementation of ...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Wallach J,De Paoli G,Adejare A,Brandt SD

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Relaxin (RLX) has demonstrated diverse pharmacological effects in various scientific and clinical studies. The emergence of porcine relaxin (pRLX) has raised concerns on the doping potential of pRLX. There have also been speculations in the horseracing industry on its covert use. To control the abuse of pRLX in equine...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Wong ASY,Ho ENM,Kwok WH,Leung GNW,Shen Y,Qi RZ,Yue SK,Wan TSM

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Zolpidem and zopiclone (Z-compounds) are non-benzodiazepine hypnotics of new generation that can be used in drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA). Their determination in biological fluids, mainly urine, is of primary importance; nevertheless, although they are excreted almost entirely as metabolites, available method...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Strano Rossi S,Anzillotti L,Castrignanò E,Frison G,Zancanaro F,Chiarotti M

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00