Abstract：
:A problem for studies of all cortex, including prefrontal cortex, is how to relate results to proposed subdivisions of the brain and how to compare results across species. Investigators have been highly dependent on traditional architectonic maps of neocortex. However, over the last 20 years, other methods, especially the microelectrode mapping method, have been applied to regions of sensory cortex, where orderly representations of receptor surfaces have provided strong evidence for new proposals of how cortex is subdivided. As a result, we can more reliably indicate functional subdivisions of cortex and identify valid homologies across species. Obtaining accurate maps of functional subdivisions of prefrontal cortex in a range of mammalian species is an important goal in that such maps are basic to interpreting other data. While microelectrode mapping methods may be more difficult to apply to prefrontal than sensory cortex, a range of useful anatomical and histochemical methods are available. Studies of sensory cortex suggest that all mammals have a few sensory areas in common, and that additional areas have evolved in some lines. One approach toward a better comparative understanding of frontal cortex might be to investigate the possibility that primary motor cortex, the supplementary motor area, and the frontal eye field are areas that exist in most or all mammals, and use these fields, when they can be clearly demonstrated, as reference areas for further studies on how frontal and prefrontal cortex is subdivided.
journal_name
Prog Brain Resjournal_title
Progress in brain researchauthors
Kaas JHdoi
10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62673-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-01-01 00:00:00pages
3-10; discussion 10-1eissn
0079-6123issn
1875-7855journal_volume
85pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The Tibetan Buddhist classification of mind, its divisions and the system of meditation practices aimed at achieving ideal states of being are a complex presentation of psychological, behavioral and spiritual concepts and processes that demand thorough understanding before assessing their value and outcome (Yeshe, 199...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62160-3
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There has been substantial progress in our understanding of the hippocampus in the past 70 years. During this time, it has become clear that the hippocampus is not an olfactory-related structure alone, but plays critical roles in other functions that do not necessarily depend on olfaction, such as learning and memory....
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)63002-7
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Children with epilepsy are known to have high rates of mental health problems. The role of seizures in the development of these problems is not known primarily because of difficulties in separating the effects of seizures from the three other potential causal factors: (a) poor child and family response to the conditio...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(02)35039-8
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Why do complex-partial seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) cause a loss of consciousness? Abnormal function of the medial temporal lobe is expected to cause memory loss, but it is unclear why profoundly impaired consciousness is so common in temporal lobe seizures. Recent exciting advances in behavioral, electrop...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(09)17711-7
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rebound nystagmus, a common cerebellar sign, is a transient nystagmus that appears on returning to straight-ahead gaze after prolonged eccentric gaze. The slow phases of rebound nystagmus are in the direction of prior eccentric gaze. After eccentric gaze, healthy subjects also show rebound nystagmus when fixation is r...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.04.040
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Downbeat nystagmus (DBN) is the most frequent form of acquired persisting fixation nystagmus. It is hypothesized to occur when physiological inhibitory cerebellar input, namely of the flocculus, to the vestibular nuclei is inhibited. The second most frequent form of acquired nystagmus is upbeat nystagmus (UBN). UBN is...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00676-6
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present results of a study of torsional eye movements evoked by earth-vertical accelerations along the subject's longitudinal axis. The earth-vertical stimulus leads to a gravito-inertial acceleration vector that changes magnitude but not direction. It can therefore be viewed as a dynamic change of the gravity leve...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00646-8
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The interactions of the dendritically released neuropeptides vasopressin and oxytocin with co-released neuroactive substances such as opioids and nitric oxide are reviewed. Endogenous opioids regulate magnocellular neurons at the level of the supraoptic nucleus and the relationship of dendritically released peptides a...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(02)39021-6
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Artistic ability and creativity are defining characteristics of human behavior. Behavioral neurology, as a specialty, believes that even the most complex behaviors can be modeled and understood as the summation of smaller cognitive functions. Literature from individuals with specific brain lesions has helped to map ou...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-63287-6.00005-1
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The two roles in awareness most often suggested for the cerebellum are (i) keeping the details of motor skills away from forebrain computation, and (ii) signaling to the forebrain when a sensory event is not predictable from prior motor commands. However, it is unclear how current models of the cerebellum could carry ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(03)14404-4
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The epileptologically informed in-depth analysis of auto- and heteroanamnestic historical sources supports the hypothesis that Hector Berlioz (1803-1869) might have suffered from a photosensitive idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndrome with absences, absence status, myoclonic seizures, and bilateral tonic-clonic seiz...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2014.11.007
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) research to date has focused almost exclusively on the pathophysiology of injured neurons with very little attention paid to non-neuronal cells. However in the past decade, exciting discoveries have challenged this century-old view of passive glial cells and have led to a reinterpretation ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(06)61005-4
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This overview highlights the presentations made by several authors, with sidelights commentaries on the topics covered in this session. The Neurotropic hypothesis, formulated by Cajal more than one century ago, has been one of the fundamental tenets of modern Neuroscience. Research work is unveiling highly complex mol...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(02)36003-5
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:According to the neural efficiency hypothesis, brighter individuals might be characterized by lower and topographically more differentiated brain activation than less intelligent individuals, presumably reflecting a more specialized recruitment of task-related areas. The findings of several studies analyzing the event...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(06)59011-9
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although visually responsive neurons predominate in the deep layers of the superior colliculus (SC), the majority of them also receive sensory inputs from nonvisual sources (i.e. auditory and/or somatosensory). Most of these 'multisensory' neurons are able to synthesize their cross-modal inputs and, as a consequence, ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(01)34011-6
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the more interesting and complex phenomena involving neurohypophysial hormones is the milk ejection reflex and the events surrounding it. Accordingly, many investigations over the years have taken up the challenge of elucidating its myriad aspects. Much has been learned from in vivo preparations about the seque...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00414-7
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vasopressin (VP) is one of the principal neurotransmitters of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). By means of anatomical, physiological and electrophysiological techniques we have demonstrated that VP containing pathways from the SCN serve to affect neuroendocrine and 'autonomic' neurons in the paraventricular nucleus....
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61581-2
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The identification of several mutations causing familial forms of Parkinson's disease (PD) has led to the creation of multiple lines of mice expressing similar genetic alterations. These models present a unique opportunity for understanding pathophysiological mechanisms leading to PD in a mammalian brain and provide m...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(10)84004-X
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This chapter provides evidence of spatial and temporal changes in the behavior of neurons within Areas 5 and 4 of the sensorimotor cortex of a nonhuman primate while it was executing a perturbed arm-reaching task. Chronically implanted electrode arrays were used to record simultaneously from 37 to 58 neurons. Also mea...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(03)43045-8
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the neostriatum, GABAergic inhibition arises from the action of at least two classes of inhibitory interneurons, and from recurrent collaterals of the principal cells. Interneurons receive excitatory input only from extrinsic sources, and so act in a purely feedforward capacity. Feedback inhibition arises from the ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60006-X
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Variation in neocortex size is one of the defining features of mammalian brain evolution. The paramount assumption has been that neocortex size indicates a monotonic allometric relationship with brain size. This assumption holds the concomitant neurodevelopmental assumption that the ontogenetic trajectory of neocortex...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.05.002
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Objects have specific cognitive attributes, elicit particular visuo-motor responses, and require visual processes beyond primary visual cortex to combine information over extended regions as a basis for the segmentation and integration of visual objects. As well as segmentation, the assignment of region boundaries to ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)64008-4
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Brain processing of pain in humans is based on multiple ascending pathways and brain regions that are involved in several pain components, such as sensory, immediate affective, and secondary affective dimensions. These dimensions are processed both serially and in parallel. They include spinal ascending pathways that ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(06)57020-7
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied visually guided behavior and the visual response properties of single auditory cortex (A1) neurons in neonatally operated hamsters with surgically induced, permanent, ectopic retinal projections to auditory thalamic nuclei and to visual thalamic nuclei which normally receive little direct retinal input. The...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(01)34029-3
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Predictive processes are widespread in the motor and sensory areas of the primate brain. They enable rapid computations despite processing delays and assist in resolving noisy, ambiguous input. Here we propose that the frontal eye field, a cortical area devoted to sensorimotor aspects of eye movement control, implemen...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00656-0
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This chapter summarizes the most recent data on the use of the somatostatin analogues (SSAs), octreotide (OCT) and lanreotide for the treatment of patients with pituitary and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). These two analogues have a high affinity for somatostatin receptor (SSR) sub-types 2 and 5. The major indications ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(10)82012-6
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tinnitus has many similarities with the symptoms of neurological disorders such as paresthesia and central neuropathic pain. There is considerable evidence that the symptoms and signs of some forms of tinnitus and central neuropathic pain are caused by functional changes in specific parts of the central nervous system...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)66004-X
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of the superior colliculus in attending and orienting to sensory stimuli is facilitated by the presence within this midbrain nucleus of superimposed maps of different sensory modalities. We have studied the steps involved in the development of topographically-aligned maps of visual and auditory space in the f...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63340-3
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cognitive changes that occur with ageing are usually referred to as 'age-related cognitive decline'. The most pronounced changes may be found in the executive functions that require integrity of the prefrontal cortical circuitry. With age, sleep also changes profoundly, with more sleep fragmentation, earlier awake...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-53702-7.00011-7
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nerve growth factor (NGF) is required for the survival of developing sympathetic and sensory neurons. In the absence of NGF, these neurons undergo protein synthesis-dependent apoptosis. Ten years have gone by since the first reports of specific genes being upregulated during NGF deprivation-induced cell death. Over th...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(03)46008-1
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
