Abstract:
:The objective of the present work was (1) to develop an in situ gelling ophthalmic delivery system by combining pluronic F127 and pluronic F68, with sparfloxacin; and (2) to examine the influence of incorporating a mucoadhesive polysaccharide such as sodium hyaluronate on the healing property due to bacterial keratitis. The formulations (F1-F6) were sterilized by gamma irradiated using Co(60) . Ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) spectra studies were performed on sterilized and non-sterilized formulae. The formulations were evaluated for rheological characteristics, in vitro release behavior, and efficacy against induced bacterial conjunctivitis in rats' eyes. Moreover, histopathological evaluations were also done. All the samples passed sterility tests, and no change in physical appearance of the formulae due to gamma radiation was observed. The IR spectra of the formulae before and after sterilization showed similar peaks which confirmed that no ingredient was affected by gamma radiation. The formulations showed a flow index of 0.116-0.493 indicating pseudoplastic flow behavior. The release behavior of all formulae was non-Fickian anomalous release. The different formulae used to overcome the pathological alterations, produced by bacteria infections varied among each other depending on the duration of treatment; however, the effectiveness of formulation was arranged as F5, F4 and F3, respectively. The developed formulations were therapeutically efficacious, and provided sustained release of the drug over a 24-hour period. A better improvement in artificially induced bacterial conjunctivitis in rats' cornea was observed with the developed formulae; thus it can be considered as a viable alternative to conventional eye drops.
journal_name
Drug Test Analjournal_title
Drug testing and analysisauthors
Nesseem DIdoi
10.1002/dta.170subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-02-01 00:00:00pages
106-15issue
2eissn
1942-7603issn
1942-7611journal_volume
3pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Abuse of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) has been known since the early 1990's, but is not as widespread as the consumption of other illegal drugs. However, the number of severe intoxications with fatal outcomes is comparatively high; not the least of which is brought about by the consumption of the currently legal pr...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/dta.254
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prenylamine is a vasodilator of phenylalkylamine structure and was used for the treatment of angina pectoris, until reports of undesirable effects including ventricular tachycardia led to a decreasing use of the drug in the 1980s. Metabolic N-dealkylation of orally ingested prenylamine can liberate amphetamine in huma...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.1388
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is used as doping a substance. Anti-doping efforts include urine and blood testing and monitoring the athlete biological passport (ABP). As data on the performance of these methods are incomplete, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of two common urine assays and the ...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/dta.2665
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synthetic cannabinoids are the psychotropic compounds frequently identified as active components of smoking mixtures easily available via the Internet in several countries. These herbal blends have become extremely popular as a legal alternative to cannabis-based products and are difficult to detect by regular drug te...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.1418
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the context of post-marketing surveillance supporting public-health authorities to take evidence-based decisions to fight the spread of poor-quality medicines, the quality of antimalarial artemether-lumefantrine (AL) medicines was assessed in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). A total of 150 samples of AL-...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.2420
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The consumption of drugs is of great concern worldwide. Various drug tests for humans have been developed but there is no compact and easy-to-use test device available yet for direct semi-quantitative drug testing in the field. We suggest using attenuated total reflection (ATR) infrared spectroscopy as a sensing metho...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.346
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Xenon is a modern inhalative anaesthetic with a very low solubility in tissues providing rapid elimination and weaning from anaesthesia. Besides its anaesthetic properties, Xenon promotes the endogenous erythropoietin biosynthesis and thus has been enlisted as prohibited substance by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.2001
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clostebol is a synthetic anabolic androgenic steroid, with potential use as a performance-enhancing drug if taken for long periods in order to produce the desired effect. Recently, the use of medications containing clostebol acetate has led to the suspension of several athletes in various sports. Previous studies have...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.2469
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deschloroketamine (2-(methylamino)-2-phenyl-cyclohexanone) is a ketamine analog belonging to a group of dissociative anesthetics, which have been distributed within the illicit market since 2015. However, it was also being sold as 'ketamine' misleading people to believe that they were getting genuine ketamine. Dissoci...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.2726
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) represent one of the most frequently detected classes of prohibited substances in doping controls. Due to their long-lasting beneficial effects on athletic performance, utmost retrospectivity via urine analysis is desirable and accomplished by targeting long-term metabolites of the r...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.1516
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The accuracy in predicting different chemometric methods was compared when applied on ordinary UV spectra and first order derivative spectra. Principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares with one dependent variable (PLS1) and two dependent variables (PLS2) were applied on spectral data of pharmaceuti...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.235
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Harm reduction services, including needle-exchange programmes, have been implemented in Switzerland for over 20 years. Their main aim is to lessen the negative social and/or physical consequences associated with illicit drug consumption and, therefore, improve prevention messages. To this end, knowledge of illicit dru...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.2335
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Δ(9) -Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the most commonly analyzed cannabinoid in oral fluid (OF); however, its metabolite 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH) offers the advantage of documenting active consumption, as it is not detected in cannabis smoke. Analytical challenges such as low (ng/L) THCCOOH OF concentrations hampe...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.1753
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of corticosteroids, such as betamethasone, in performance horses is tightly regulated. The objective of the current study was to describe the plasma pharmacokinetics of betamethasone as well as time-related urine and synovial fluid concentrations following intra-articular administration to horses. Twelve racin...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.2170
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To date, substances such as Mildronate (Meldonium) are not on the radar of anti-doping laboratories as the compound is not explicitly classified as prohibited. However, the anti-ischemic drug Mildronate demonstrates an increase in endurance performance of athletes, improved rehabilitation after exercise, protection ag...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.1788
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sensitive and selective ultra fast liquid chromatography (UFLC) method has been developed and validated for the determination of a potent and novel antitubercular compound S006-830 in Sprague Dawley (SD) rat plasma. Samples were extracted and processed by protein precipitation method using acetonitrile. Chromatograp...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.1748
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The detection of drug abuse in horseracing often requires knowledge of drug metabolism, especially if urine is the matrix of choice. In this study, equine liver/lung microsomes/S9 tissue fractions were used to study the phase I metabolism of eight drugs of relevance to equine drug surveillance (acepromazine, azaperone...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.88
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The emerging new psychoactive substances made available for recreational drug use have recently started to include designer benzodiazepines. As a consequence, the routine immunoassay drug testing for benzodiazepines may become less effective, due to an increased occurrence of 'false negative' and 'false positive' resu...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.2003
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an earlier study, we developed two sensitive and reliable procedures for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of methylhexaneamine (MHA) in P. graveolens plant materials and volatile oils. None of the analyzed plant materials or oils sho...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1002/dta.1726
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Higenamine was included in the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited Substances and Methods List as a β2 -adrenoceptor agonist in 2017, thereby resulting in its prohibition both in and out of competition. The present mini review describes the physiology and pharmacology of adrenoceptors, summarizes the literature...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/dta.2992
更新日期:2020-12-26 00:00:00
abstract::Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the main mechanism of action of organophosphorus compounds (OP), and AChE reactivators (oximes) are at present the only causal therapeutic approach. Being the key target of OP toxicity, AChE may serve as a valuable tool for diagnosis of OP exposure as well as for the invest...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/dta.337
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Even though hair analysis often seems to be the best choice for retrospective monitoring of cocaine intake, differentiating between incorporated cocaine and external contamination is widely debated. In this study we report results obtained in 90 hair samples from addicts. All samples were analyzed for cocaine, benzoyl...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.1903
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Buprenorphine and methadone are commonly used medications for opioid maintenance treatment (OMT), using sublingual and oral administration, respectively. Although beneficial for OMT, these drugs can also be abused by intravenous administration. In intravenous abuse cases, the adjuvants lactose and sucrose are excreted...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.2050
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Designer drugs belong to a group of legally or illegally produced substances that are structurally and pharmacologically very similar to illicit drugs. In the past, designer drugs were often used during all-night dance parties, but they are now consumed in multiple settings from college bars to parks to private house ...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/dta.210
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Relaxin (RLX) has demonstrated diverse pharmacological effects in various scientific and clinical studies. The emergence of porcine relaxin (pRLX) has raised concerns on the doping potential of pRLX. There have also been speculations in the horseracing industry on its covert use. To control the abuse of pRLX in equine...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.2143
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oral fluid (OF) is an important matrix for monitoring drugs. Smoking cannabis is common, but vaporization and edible consumption also are popular. OF pharmacokinetics are available for controlled smoked cannabis, but few data exist for vaporized and oral routes. Frequent and occasional cannabis smokers were recruited ...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.2092
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::N-Methyl-3-phenyl-norbornan-2-amine (N-methyl-3-phenylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-amine, Camfetamine(™) ) is available from a number of online legal highs/research chemicals' vendors. Although it was developed as an analeptic by Merck in the early 1960s, it was never commercialized. However, the Association of Independent ...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.411
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of performance enhancing drugs is a widespread phenomenon in professional and leisure sports. A spectroscopic study was carried out on anabolic tablets labelled as 5 mg methandienone tablets provided by police departments. The analytical approach was based on a two-step methodology: a fast analysis of tablets ...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.1843
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Docetaxel (DTX) is an anti-cancer compound derived from 10-deacetyl baccatin III which is indicated for treatment of breast, lung, prostate, gastro-esophageal, and head and neck cancers. Epimerization of DTX at the C-7 hydroxyl position has intrigued chemists and has been implicated in loss of potency, as well as in t...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.1617
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Formestane (4-hydroxy-androstenedione) is an aromatase inhibitor prohibited in sports and included, since 2004, in the list of prohibited substances updated yearly by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Since the endogenous production of formestane has been described, it is mandatory for the anti-doping laboratories ...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.1759
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00