The mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway downregulates bone morphogenetic protein signaling to promote oligodendrocyte differentiation.

abstract：:Zinc finger transcription factors of the Krüppel-class figure prominently in cell fate specification and differentiation in the nervous system. One of the Krüppel-type genes that was originally cloned from an oligodendrocyte library by virtue of its homology with the prototypic Krüppel motif is the rat rKr2 gene (Pott...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lovas G,Li W,Pott U,Verga T,Hudson LD

更新日期：2001-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:VEGF is an important factor in tumor vascularization and used as target for anti-angiogenic treatment strategies in glioma. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that VEGF is a modulator of the innate immune response with suppressive effects on the immunologic and pro-angiogenic function of microglia/macrop...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Turkowski K,Brandenburg S,Mueller A,Kremenetskaia I,Bungert AD,Blank A,Felsenstein M,Vajkoczy P

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oligodendroglia and Schwann cells synthesize myelin-specific proteins and lipids for the assembly of the highly organized myelin membrane of the motor-sensory axons in the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), respectively, allowing rapid saltatory conduction. The isoforms of the main myelin proteins, the...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Spörkel O,Uschkureit T,Büssow H,Stoffel W

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes are thought to play a variety of key roles in the adult brain, such as their participation in synaptic transmission, in wound healing upon brain injury, and adult neurogenesis. However, to elucidate these functions in vivo has been difficult because of the lack of astrocyte-specific gene targeting. Here we ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Mori T,Tanaka K,Buffo A,Wurst W,Kühn R,Götz M

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The poor regenerative ability of neurons of the central nervous system in mammals, as compared with their counterpart in fish or amphibians, is thought to stem from differences in their immediate nonneuronal environment and its response to axonal injury. We describe one aspect of the environmental response to axonal i...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Cohen I,Sivron T,Lavie V,Blaugrund E,Schwartz M

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The consequences of sublytic terminal complement complex (TCC) assembly on Schwann cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined by using purified complement proteins (C5*-9) or antibody-sensitized Schwann cells in the presence of a serum that was depleted of the seventh component of complement (C7dHS) and reconstitu...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Dashiell SM,Rus H,Koski CL

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are candidates for therapeutic approaches for neural regeneration due to their ability to assist axon regrowth in central nervous system lesion models. However, little is understood about the processes and mechanisms underlying migration of these cells. We report here that novel lame...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Windus LC,Claxton C,Allen CL,Key B,St John JA

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Isolated acellular nerve segments protected from migration of Schwann cells and the acellular nerve segments joined with the distal nerve stumps were prepared by a repeated freeze-thaw procedure in the rat sciatic nerves. The presence of laminin-1 and -2, as well as alpha6 and beta1 integrin chains, was detected by in...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Dubový P,Svízenská I,Klusáková I,Zítková A,Houst'Ava L,Haninec P

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The red nucleus (RN) has been widely used to study the formation and remodeling of synaptic connections during development and in post-lesion plasticity. Since glial cells are thought to contribute to synaptic plasticity, and information on functional properties of brain stem glia is missing, we analyzed voltage-gated...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Akopian G,Kuprijanova E,Kressin K,Steinhüser C

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracellular matrix molecules are involved in the cellular functions of proliferation, migration, morphological differentiation, and synaptic plasticity. One candidate molecule of the extracellular matrix is the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan neurocan. To determine whether neurocan expression is regulated by neuron...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Schwarzacher SW,Vuksic M,Haas CA,Burbach GJ,Sloviter RS,Deller T

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell death in the oligodendrocyte lineage occurs during development and in pathological conditions as the result of a balance between opposing molecular signals. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of activation of signal transduction pathways affecting life/death decisions in progenitor cells and in matur...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Casaccia-Bonnefil P

更新日期：2000-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a deadly neurodegenerative disease often caused by mutation in a gene called NPC1, which results in the accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and glycosphingolipids in the endosomal-lysosomal system. Most studies on the mechanisms of neurodegeneration in NPC have focused on neur...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Chen G,Li HM,Chen YR,Gu XS,Duan S

更新日期：2007-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The myelin basic protein gene (Mbp) encodes for the major myelin structural proteins and it is included in the Golli-Mbp gene complex. Previously, we observed MBP-like proteins in the human central nervous system (CNS) at developmental stages preceding myelination. In an effort to distinguish between Golli (HOG5 and H...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Tosic M,Rakic S,Matthieu J-,Zecevic N

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial tumor cells derived from primary tissue express large voltage-gated Na(+) currents, whereas glioma cell lines usually lack this feature. We studied the effect of serum deprivation on the expression of Na(+) currents in two astrocytoma cell lines (1321N1 and A172). Serum deprivation for more than 2 days sufficed ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kraft R,Basrai D,Benndorf K,Patt S

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia are key players of the immune response in the central nervous system (CNS) and, being the resident innate immune cells, they are responsible for the early control of infections and for the recruitment of cells of the adaptive immune system required for pathogen clearance. The innate and adaptive immune respo...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lehnardt S

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggests that soluble amyloid β (Aβ) is an initiator of a cascade of events eventually leading to neurodegeneration. Recently, we reported that Aβ deranged Ca(2+) homeostasis specifically in hippocampal astrocytes by targeting key elements of Ca(2+) signaling, such as...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lim D,Iyer A,Ronco V,Grolla AA,Canonico PL,Aronica E,Genazzani AA

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Individuals with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) develop low-grade astrocytomas at an increased frequency. To gain insight into the function of the Nf1 gene product as a growth regulator for astrocytes, we examined mice heterozygous for a targeted Nf1 mutation. In our previous studies, we demonstrated increased numbers of p...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Bajenaru ML,Donahoe J,Corral T,Reilly KM,Brophy S,Pellicer A,Gutmann DH

更新日期：2001-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We characterized morphological effects of the endogenous excitotoxin, glutamate in ex vivo retinal segments prepared from 30-day-old rats. Initial changes induced by glutamate consisted of reversible, sodium-dependent Müller cell swelling. This glial swelling was mimicked by glutamate transport substrates but not by i...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Izumi Y,Kirby CO,Benz AM,Olney JW,Zorumski CF

更新日期：1999-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, have recently been removed from the position of mere sentinels and promoted to the role of active sculptors of developing circuits and cells. Alongside their functions in normal brain development, microglia coordinate sexual differentiation of the brain, a set of proces...

journal_title：Glia

authors： VanRyzin JW,Marquardt AE,Pickett LA,McCarthy MM

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Myelination is an evolutionary recent differentiation program that has been independently acquired in vertebrates by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Therefore, it is not surprising that regulating transcription factors differ substantially between both...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Sock E,Wegner M

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gliomas are a heterogenous group of malignant primary brain tumors that arise from glia cells or their progenitors and rely on accurate diagnosis for prognosis and treatment strategies. Although recent developments in the molecular biology of glioma have improved diagnosis, classical histological methods and biomarker...

journal_title：Glia

authors： van Bodegraven EJ,van Asperen JV,Robe PAJ,Hol EM

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhibition of Rho-kinase (ROCK) with Y27632 stimulates sprouting by injured corticospinal tract and dorsal column tract axons, and accelerates functional recovery. However, regeneration of these axons across the glial scar was not observed. Here we examined the effects of Y27632 treatment on chondroitin sulfate proteo...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Chan CC,Wong AK,Liu J,Steeves JD,Tetzlaff W

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stellate ganglion neurons, important mediators of cardiopulmonary neurotransmission, are surrounded by satellite glial cells (SGCs), which are essential for the function, maintenance, and development of neurons. However, it remains unknown whether SGCs in adult sympathetic ganglia exhibit any functional diversity, and...

journal_title：Glia

authors： van Weperen VYH,Littman RJ,Arneson DV,Contreras J,Yang X,Ajijola OA

更新日期：2021-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Human glioblastoma is a highly lethal tumor known for its capability of interfering with effective antitumor immune responses. Costimulatory signals are of critical relevance in both the inductive and effector phases of immune responses. Inducible costimulator-ligand (ICOSL), a member of the B7 family of costimulatory...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Schreiner B,Wischhusen J,Mitsdoerffer M,Schneider D,Bornemann A,Melms A,Tolosa E,Weller M,Wiendl H

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Kainate (KA), quisqualate (QA), and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) stimulated gamma-aminobutyric acid [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release from cultured cerebellar type 2 astrocytes and from their bipotential precursors. The evoked release was prevented by the antagonist 6-cyano-...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Gallo V,Patrizio M,Levi G

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are a unique type of macroglia required for normal olfactory axonal regeneration throughout the lifetime of an individual. Recent evidence in the literature suggests that OECs transplanted into injured spinal cords may facilitate axonal regeneration. In this study, we evaluated the n...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Boruch AV,Conners JJ,Pipitone M,Deadwyler G,Storer PD,Devries GH,Jones KJ

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, we investigated the involvement of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the brain of the dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse, an experimental model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). To this purpose, we used two tight junction markers, the Zonula occludens (ZO-1) and claudin-1 proteins, and a glial marker, th...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nico B,Frigeri A,Nicchia GP,Corsi P,Ribatti D,Quondamatteo F,Herken R,Girolamo F,Marzullo A,Svelto M,Roncali L

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes release a variety of transmitter molecules, which mediate communication between glial cells in the brain and modulate synaptic transmission. ATP is a major glia-derived transmitter, but the mechanisms and kinetics of ATP release from astrocytes remain largely unknown. Here, we combined epifluorescence and t...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Pryazhnikov E,Khiroug L

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglial activation has been reported to promote neurotoxicity and also neuroprotective effects. A possible contributor to this dichotomy of responses may be the degree to which proximal neurons are injured. The aim of this study was to determine whether varying the severity of neuronal injury influenced whether mic...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lai AY,Todd KG

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This report describes the development of a new panel of monoclonal antibodies produced following immunization of mice with cultured rat microglial cells. Using these new reagents and previously defined antibodies that bind to microglia or macrophages, the responses of parenchymal microglia, perivascular "microglial" c...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Flaris NA,Densmore TL,Molleston MC,Hickey WF

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00