Abstract:
:Astrocytes release a variety of transmitter molecules, which mediate communication between glial cells in the brain and modulate synaptic transmission. ATP is a major glia-derived transmitter, but the mechanisms and kinetics of ATP release from astrocytes remain largely unknown. Here, we combined epifluorescence and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to monitor individual quinacrine-loaded ATP-containing vesicles undergoing exocytosis in cultured astrocytes. In resting cells, vesicles exhibited three-dimensional motility, spontaneous docking and release at low rate. Extracellular ATP application induced a Ca(2+)-dependent increase in the rate of exocytosis, which persisted for several minutes. Using UV flash photolysis of caged Ca(2+), the threshold [Ca(2+)](i) for ATP exocytosis was found to be approximately 350 nM. Subthreshold [Ca(2+)](i) transients predominantly induced vesicle docking at plasma membrane without subsequent release. ATP exocytosis triggered either by purinergic stimulation or by Ca(2+) uncaging occurred after a substantial delay ranging from tens to hundreds of seconds, with only approximately 4% of release occurring during the first 30 s. The time course of the cargo release from vesicles had two peaks centered on journal_name journal_title authors doi subject pub_date pages issue eissn issn journal_volume pub_type
相关文献
GLIA文献大全abstract::Simvastatin, a lipophilic statin that crosses the blood-brain barrier, is being evaluated as a potential therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS) due to its anti-inflammatory properties. We assessed the effects of simvastatin on cultures of rat newborn and human fetal oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and human adult...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20441
更新日期:2007-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The role of microglia in retinal inflammation is still ambiguous. Branch retinal vein occlusion initiates an inflammatory response whereby resident microglia cells are activated. They trigger infiltration of neutrophils that exacerbate blood-retina barrier damage, regulate postischemic inflammation and irreversible lo...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.23739
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The endocannabinoid system exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by regulating cytokine production. Anandamide (AEA) down-regulates proinflammatory cytokines in a viral model of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, little is known about the mechanisms by which AEA exerts these effects. Microglial cells are the main sourc...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20907
更新日期:2010-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress is the main cause of neuronal damage in traumatic brain injury, hypoxia/reperfusion injury, and neurodegenerative disorders. Although extracellular nucleosides, especially adenosine, are well known to protect against neuronal damage in such pathological conditions, the effects of these nucleosides or ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20118
更新日期:2005-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the principal component of the intermediary filaments in mature astrocytes of the central nervous system (CNS). The protein consists of three domains: the head, the coiled-coil, and the tail. Here, we describe the isolation of an evolutionary conserved novel GFAP isoform, GFAP...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20475
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell death in the oligodendrocyte lineage occurs during development and in pathological conditions as the result of a balance between opposing molecular signals. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of activation of signal transduction pathways affecting life/death decisions in progenitor cells and in matur...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(20000115)29:2<124::aid-gli
更新日期:2000-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::In the adult mammalian brain, neurogenesis originates from astrocyte-like stem cells. We generated a transgenic mouse line in which the tetracycline dependent transactivator (tTA) is expressed under the control of the murine GFAP promoter. In this mouse line, inducible gene expression targets virtually all GFAP-expres...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.21129
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single dose of trimethyltin chloride (TMT). Three days following treatment, a neuronal alteration was observed in the CA3c pyramidal cell layer of hippocampus which was not accompanied by any apparent astrocyte reaction. At 1 as well as 2 weeks after treatment, a gliosis in hippo...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440110410
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammation has been linked to the induction of apneas and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, whereas proinflammatory mediators inhibit breathing when applied peripherally or directly into the CNS. Considering that peripheral inflammation can activate microglia in the CNS and that this cell type can directly release all p...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22951
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic cytokine able to evoke a wide array of cellular responses including proliferation, migration, and survival through activation of its receptor c-met. Various types of leukocytes have been described to express c-met suggesting that HGF/c-met signaling may directly influenc...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20945
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term, persistent central nervous system inflammation is commonly seen following brain infection. Using a murine model of viral encephalitis (murine cytomegalovirus, MCMV) we have previously shown that post-encephalitic brains are maintained in an inflammatory state consisting of glial cell reactivity, retention o...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22868
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The technology to generate autologous pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) from almost any somatic cell type has brought various cell replacement therapies within clinical research. Besides the challenge to optimize iPS protocols to appropriate safety and GMP levels, procedures need to be developed to differentiate iPS ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.21159
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gamma-secretase is an aspartyl protease composed of four proteins: presenilin (PS), nicastrin (Nct), APH1, and PEN2. These proteins assemble into a membrane complex that cleaves a variety of substrates within the transmembrane domain. The gamma-secretase cleavage products play an important role in various biological p...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20638
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Galactosylceramide (GalC) is the major sphingolipid of the myelin membrane. Mice lacking GalC due to ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGT) deficiency form unstable and functionally affected myelin and exhibit a progressive demyelination, accompanied by severe motor coordination deficits. In addition to oligodendrocytes...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20230
更新日期:2005-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Recent evidence suggested that ATP acting via ionotropic (P2X) and metabotropic (P2Y) purinergic receptors might be involved in signaling between glial cells and within glial-neuronal networks. In contrast to their neuronal counterpart, the identity of P2X receptors in CNS glial cells is largely unknown. In the presen...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.1091
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the expression and regulation of the L-cystine transporter, system x(c) (-), in Müller cells. In this study, newly developed conditionally immortalized rat Müller cell lines (TR-MUL) from transgenic rats harboring the temperature-sensitive SV 40 large T-antigen gene we...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.10253
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurons from embryonic (E18) rat hippocampus were chosen to identify and characterize neurite growth-stimulating proteins accumulating in serum-free conditioned media (CM) obtained from primary or secondary cultures of cerebral astrocytes (less than 5% nonglial cells) using a quantitative cell culture bioassay. CM wer...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440020307
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type of the central nervous system and cover a broad range of functionalities. We report here the generation of a novel monoclonal antibody, anti-astrocyte cell surface antigen-2 (Anti-ACSA-2). Flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry revealed that Anti-ACSA-2 ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.23140
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Manganese in excess is neurotoxic and causes CNS injury resembling that of Parkinson's disease. In brain, astrocytes predominantly take up and accumulate manganese and are thus vulnerable to its toxicity. Manganese was shown to induce cell swelling in cultured astrocytes, and oxidative/nitrosative stress (ONS) mediate...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.21023
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal activity leads to arteriole dilation and increased blood flow in retinal vessels. This response, termed functional hyperemia, is diminished in the retinas of diabetic patients, possibly contributing to the development of diabetic retinopathy. The mechanism responsible for this loss is unknown. Here we show th...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.21068
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the cerebellar cortex, Bergmann glia enclose the synapses of both parallel and climbing fiber inputs to the Purkinje neuron. The glia express Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors, and the GLAST and GLT-1 classes of glutamate transporter, which are activated by glutamate released during synaptic transmission. We have pre...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20768
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dentate neurogenesis, important for learning and memory, declines dramatically by middle age. Although studies have shown that this age-related decrease can be reversed to some extent by exogenous applications of mitogenic factors, it is unclear whether one or more of these factors exhibits decline by middle age. We h...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20187
更新日期:2005-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Neurogenesis persists in the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) of the mammalian brain. During aging, the SVZ neurogenic capacity undergoes a progressive decline, which is attributed to a decrease in the population of neural stem cells (NSCs). However, the behavior of the NSCs that remain in the aged brain is not fully u...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22642
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain, which are important therapeutic targets for regulating the inflammatory responses particularly neurodegeneration in the aging human brain. The activation, chemotaxis and migration of microglia are regulated through G-protein coupled receptors by chemokines such as ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22543
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Th17 cells and interleukin-17 (IL-17) have been found to play an important role in the pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Response to IL-17, reactive astrocytes accompany with immune cells infiltration and axonal damage in MS/EAE. However, the ro...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.23530
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Axonal signals activate myelinogenesis via regulation of the extent to which oligodendrocyte (OLG) processes wrap around the axon. The cytoskeleton in OLG processes is actively involved in myelination and is a putative target for axonal regulation of myelination. The axon-associated neuregulins may regulate the cytosk...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.1079
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::An organism's response to stress requires activation of multiple brain regions. This can have long-lasting effects on synaptic transmission and plasticity that likely provide adaptive benefits. Recent evidence implicates not only neurones, but also glial cells in the regulation of the central response to stress. Inten...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/glia.23610
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glial cells have been shown to express several biophysically and pharmacology distinct potassium channel types. However, the molecular identity of most glial K+ channels is unknown. We have developed an antibody specific for the Shaker type potassium channel Kv1.5 protein, and demonstrate by immunohistochemistry the p...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199611)18:3<177::AID-GLIA2
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Signaling through fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) is essential for many cellular processes including proliferation and migration, as well as differentiation events such as myelination. Anosmin-1 is an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein that interacts with the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1)...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22609
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacological and biochemical data suggest that noradrenaline (NA)-containing fibers not only regulate the activity of cortical neurons but also influence the functional state of non-neuronal elements. In the present study, immunocytochemistry with an antiserum against NA, followed by silver-gold intensification of ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199606)17:2<133::AID-GLIA5
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00