Expression and regulation of L-cystine transporter, system xc-, in the newly developed rat retinal Müller cell line (TR-MUL).

abstract：:Microglia contribute to pathophysiology at all stages of multiple sclerosis. Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF1) is crucial for microglial proliferation and activation. In this study we measured the CSF1 levels and studied its cellular expression in the mouse spinal cords with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Gushchina S,Pryce G,Yip PK,Wu D,Pallier P,Giovannoni G,Baker D,Bo X

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Persistence of radial glia within the adult central nervous system is a widespread phenomenon among fish. Based on a series of studies in the teleost species Apteronotus leptorhynchus, we propose that one function of this persistence is the involvement of radial glia in adult neurogenesis, i.e., the generation and fur...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Zupanc GK,Clint SC

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracellular levels of the brain's endogenous anticonvulsant and neuroprotectant adenosine largely depend on an astrocyte-based adenosine cycle, comprised of ATP release, rapid degradation of ATP into adenosine, and metabolic reuptake of adenosine through equilibrative nucleoside transporters and phosphorylation by a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Boison D

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes are thought to play a variety of key roles in the adult brain, such as their participation in synaptic transmission, in wound healing upon brain injury, and adult neurogenesis. However, to elucidate these functions in vivo has been difficult because of the lack of astrocyte-specific gene targeting. Here we ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Mori T,Tanaka K,Buffo A,Wurst W,Kühn R,Götz M

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Schwann cells (SCs), the primary glia in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), display remarkable plasticity in that fully mature SCs undergo dedifferentiation and convert to repair SCs upon nerve injury. Dedifferentiated SCs provide essential support for PNS regeneration by producing signals that enhance the survival ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hyung S,Im SK,Lee BY,Shin J,Park JC,Lee C,Suh JF,Hur EM

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Abnormal neuronal activity in sensory ganglia contributes to chronic pain. There is evidence that signals can spread between cells in these ganglia, which may contribute to this activity. Satellite glial cells (SGCs) in sensory ganglia undergo activation following peripheral injury and participate in cellular communic...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Belzer V,Hanani M

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In multiple sclerosis (MS), one strategy to reduce disability is enhancement of endogenous repair by remyelinating oligodendrocytes derived from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OP). An important prerequisite is determining the abundance of OP relative to oligodendrocytes in normal human central nervous system (CNS),...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Jennings A,Carroll W

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome frequently accompanying liver cirrhosis and reflects the clinical manifestation of a low grade cerebral edema associated with cerebral oxidative/nitrosative stress. The multidrug resistance-associated protein (Mrp) 4 is an export pump which transports metaboli...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Jördens MS,Keitel V,Karababa A,Zemtsova I,Bronger H,Häussinger D,Görg B

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synaptic zinc ions released during synaptic transmission interact with pre- and postsynaptic neuroreceptors, thus modulating neurotransmission. It is likely that they have to be efficiently cleared from the extracellular milieu to assure subsequent synaptic events. Both neurons and glia are assumed to participate in t...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Varea E,Alonso-Llosà G,Molowny A,Lopez-Garcia C,Ponsoda X

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nogo-A is a potent glial-derived inhibitor of axon growth in the injured CNS and acts as a negative regulator of developmental angiogenesis by inhibiting vascular endothelial cell migration. However, its function in pathological angiogenesis has never been studied after ischemic injury in the CNS. Using the mouse mode...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Joly S,Dejda A,Rodriguez L,Sapieha P,Pernet V

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is a predominant water channel protein in mammalian brains, localized in the astrocyte plasma membrane. The regulation of AQP4 is believed to be important for the homeostasis of water in the brain, but the AQP4 regulatory mechanisms are not yet known. In this study, we investigated the effect of a p...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nakahama K,Nagano M,Fujioka A,Shinoda K,Sasaki H

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the effect of receptor blockade induced by an angiotensin II type-1 receptor antagonist (AT(1)-RB) on glial and vascular changes in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), a model of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). OIR was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by exposure to 80% oxygen from postnatal (P) days 0-1...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Downie LE,Pianta MJ,Vingrys AJ,Wilkinson-Berka JL,Fletcher EL

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has become evident recently only that microglia are not only responsible for immunomodulatory functions in the brain but represent vital components of the larger synaptic formation, which also includes pre and postsynaptic neurones as well as astrocytes. Microglia critically contribute to CNS homeostasis by their a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Blank T,Prinz M

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes are the most numerous cell type within the central nervous system (CNS) and perform a variety of tasks, from axon guidance and synaptic support, to the control of the blood brain barrier and blood flow. To perform these roles, there is a great variety of astrocytes. In this review, we summarize the function...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Blackburn D,Sargsyan S,Monk PN,Shaw PJ

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Simvastatin, a lipophilic statin that crosses the blood-brain barrier, is being evaluated as a potential therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS) due to its anti-inflammatory properties. We assessed the effects of simvastatin on cultures of rat newborn and human fetal oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and human adult...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Miron VE,Rajasekharan S,Jarjour AA,Zamvil SS,Kennedy TE,Antel JP

更新日期：2007-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) is a Ca2+ binding peptide expressed predominantly by activated monocytes. In order to investigate the role of AIF-1 in autoimmune lesions of the rat nervous system, we have used a synthetic gene to express AIF-1 in E. coli and have produced monoclonal antibodies against AIF-1. A...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Schluesener HJ,Seid K,Kretzschmar J,Meyermann R

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a fatal, dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion of CAG repeats in the Ataxin-1 (ATXN1) gene. SCA1 is characterized by balance and coordination deficits due to the predominant loss of Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum. We previously demonstrated t...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kim JH,Lukowicz A,Qu W,Johnson A,Cvetanovic M

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) are devastating brain tumors containing a fraction of multipotent stem-like cells which are highly tumorigenic. These cells are resistant to treatments and are likely to be responsible for tumor recurrence. One approach to eliminate GBM stem-like cells would be to force their terminal diff...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Guichet PO,Bieche I,Teigell M,Serguera C,Rothhut B,Rigau V,Scamps F,Ripoll C,Vacher S,Taviaux S,Chevassus H,Duffau H,Mallet J,Susini A,Joubert D,Bauchet L,Hugnot JP

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After the initial mechanical insult of spinal cord injury (SCI), secondary mediators propagate a massive loss of oligodendrocytes. We previously showed that following SCI both the total phospholipase activity and cytosolic PLA(2)-IV alpha protein expression increased. However, the expression of secreted isoforms of PL...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Titsworth WL,Cheng X,Ke Y,Deng L,Burckardt KA,Pendleton C,Liu NK,Shao H,Cao QL,Xu XM

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes release a variety of transmitter molecules, which mediate communication between glial cells in the brain and modulate synaptic transmission. ATP is a major glia-derived transmitter, but the mechanisms and kinetics of ATP release from astrocytes remain largely unknown. Here, we combined epifluorescence and t...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Pryazhnikov E,Khiroug L

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Brain microvasculature requires a coordinated interaction between endothelial cells and astrocytes at the gliovascular interface. However, the role of the factors involved in that interaction and expressed by these cells is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that Meteorin is highly expressed in astrocyte...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Park JA,Lee HS,Ko KJ,Park SY,Kim JH,Choe G,Kweon HS,Song HS,Ahn JC,Yu YS,Kim KW

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytic proliferation and hypertrophy (astrogliosis) are associated with neuronal injury. However, neither the temporal nor the spatial relationship between astrocytes and injured neurons is clear, especially in neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated these questions in a mouse amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (AL...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Levine JB,Kong J,Nadler M,Xu Z

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) regulates oligodendrocyte (OLG) differentiation by mechanisms that remain poorly understood. Exposure of OLGs to NT-3 induces a significant increase in the levels of myelin basic protein (MBP). However, we found that this stimulation occurs in the absence of measurable effects on MBP gene promote...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Coelho RP,Yuelling LM,Fuss B,Sato-Bigbee C

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We characterized morphological effects of the endogenous excitotoxin, glutamate in ex vivo retinal segments prepared from 30-day-old rats. Initial changes induced by glutamate consisted of reversible, sodium-dependent Müller cell swelling. This glial swelling was mimicked by glutamate transport substrates but not by i...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Izumi Y,Kirby CO,Benz AM,Olney JW,Zorumski CF

更新日期：1999-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Signaling through fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) is essential for many cellular processes including proliferation and migration, as well as differentiation events such as myelination. Anosmin-1 is an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein that interacts with the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1)...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Murcia-Belmonte V,Medina-Rodríguez EM,Bribián A,de Castro F,Esteban PF

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complement has been implicated as a potential effector mechanism in neurodegeneration; yet the precise role of complement in this process remains elusive. In this report, we have utilized the cuprizone model of demyelination-remyelination to examine the contribution of complement to disease. C1q deposition was observe...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Briggs DT,Martin CB,Ingersoll SA,Barnum SR,Martin BK

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Remyelination is in the center of new therapies for the treatment of multiple sclerosis to resolve and improve disease symptoms and protect axons from further damage. Although remyelination is considered beneficial in the long term, it is not known, whether this is also the case early in lesion formation. Additionally...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Schultz V,van der Meer F,Wrzos C,Scheidt U,Bahn E,Stadelmann C,Brück W,Junker A

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia undergo dynamic structural and transcriptional changes during the immune response to traumatic brain injury (TBI). For example, TBI causes microglia to form rod-shaped trains in the cerebral cortex, but their contribution to inflammation and pathophysiology is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Witcher KG,Bray CE,Dziabis JE,McKim DB,Benner BN,Rowe RK,Kokiko-Cochran ON,Popovich PG,Lifshitz J,Eiferman DS,Godbout JP

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 bind to the common receptor CXCR3 and are implicated in the pathogenesis of T-cell-mediated immunity in the central nervous system (CNS). Here we examined the temporal and spatial regulation of the Cxcl9 and Cxcl10 genes in the CNS of mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Carter SL,Müller M,Manders PM,Campbell IL

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia are classically considered to be immune cells in the brain, but have now been proven to be involved in neuronal activity as well. Here we stereologically analyzed the spatial arrangement of microglia in the mouse hippocampus. First, we estimated the numerical densities (NDs) of microglia identified by ionize...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Jinno S,Fleischer F,Eckel S,Schmidt V,Kosaka T

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00