Abstract:
:The Ministry of Health in the Netherlands has made illicit drug testing for drug users possible since the 1990s, in order to prevent serious health hazards associated with unexpected dangerous substances. This system of illicit drug testing is called the Drug Information and Monitoring System (DIMS). In nearly two decades, more than 100 000 drug samples have been handed in at DIMS testing facilities. This review describes the DIMS methodology and overviews results of the three main psychostimulant drug markets that have been monitored, i.e. ecstasy, amphetamine (speed), and cocaine. Additionally, monitoring results of hallucinogens are also described for the first time. For comparison, alternative international monitoring systems are described briefly alongside some of their results. Finally, drug monitoring is discussed from the perspectives of policy, prevention, and the drug users themselves.
journal_name
Drug Test Analjournal_title
Drug testing and analysisauthors
Brunt TM,Niesink RJdoi
10.1002/dta.323subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-09-01 00:00:00pages
621-34issue
9eissn
1942-7603issn
1942-7611journal_volume
3pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The abuse of stanozolol is quite widespread in Indian sport. Its analysis is challenging and this has led to the development of new methods to improve its detection. A method was developed and validated for the detection of the three main monohydroxylated metabolites of stanozolol. The excretion profile of these metab...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.76
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel poly (vinyl chloride) PVC membrane sensor for Fe(2+) ions is described. The sensor is based on the use of newly synthesized chiral 2,6-bis-(carboxamide methyl ester)pyridine derivative as neutral ionophore in plasticized PVC membrane. The sensor display a fast, stable and near-Nernstian response over a relativ...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.231
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several clinical-grade immunoassays exist for the specific measurement of hGH or its isoforms in blood but there is an urgent need to apply these same reliable assays to the measurement of hGH in urine as a preferred 'non-invasive' biofluid. Unfortunately, conventional hGH immunoassays cannot attain the sensitivity re...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/dta.96
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing numbers of new psychoactive substances (NPS) among them fentanyl derivatives has been reported by the European monitoring centre for drugs and drug addiction (EMCDDA). Butyrfentanyl is a new fentanyl derivative whose potency ratio was found to be seven compared to morphine and 0.13 compared to fentanyl. Sev...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.2111
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is used as doping a substance. Anti-doping efforts include urine and blood testing and monitoring the athlete biological passport (ABP). As data on the performance of these methods are incomplete, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of two common urine assays and the ...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/dta.2665
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The consumption of drugs is of great concern worldwide. Various drug tests for humans have been developed but there is no compact and easy-to-use test device available yet for direct semi-quantitative drug testing in the field. We suggest using attenuated total reflection (ATR) infrared spectroscopy as a sensing metho...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.346
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study demonstrates the applicability of a strategy involving use of liquid chromatography (LC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques for the identification and characterization of minute quantities of degradation products, without their isolation from the reaction matrix in pure fo...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zebrafish (Danio rerio) water tank (ZWT) approach was investigated as an alternative model for metabolism studies based on six different experiments with four model compounds. Sibutramine was applied for the multivariate optimization of ZWT conditions, also for the comparison of the metabolism among ZWT, humans and mi...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.2523
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The amphetamine molecule contains a chiral center and its enantiomers exhibit differences in pharmacological effects, with the S-enantiomer mediating most of the central nervous system stimulating activity. The majority of prescribed amphetamine consists of the pure S-enantiomer, but therapeutic formulations containin...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.2879
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) is a worldwide problem. Several countries have adopted DUID legislations which prove their deterrent effect and impact on road safety. However, the use of new psychoactive substances (NPS) and prescription drugs is not known, as the applied roadside screening tests have not ...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.2232
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) delta and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinases (AMPKs) regulate the metabolic and contractile characteristics of myofibres. PPAR proteins are nuclear receptors that function as transcription factors and regulate the expression of multiple genes. AMPK...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.1587
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) study based on an artificial neural network (ANN) was carried out for the prediction of the microemulsion liquid chromatography polar surface area (PSA) of a set of 32 drug compounds. The genetic algorithm-kernel partial least squares (GA-KPLS) method was used as a...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.288
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Testosterone and related compounds are the most recurrent doping substances. The steroid profile, consisting of the quantification of testosterone and its metabolites, has been described as the most significant biomarker to detect doping with pseudo-endogenous anabolic steroids. The steroidal module of the Athlete Bio...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.1851
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simple and highly sensitive method that involves miniaturized hollow fibre assisted liquid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector was developed for the determination of trace concentration of sufentanil and alfentanil in biological samples. These drugs were extracted from 5 ml of aqu...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.1387
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Doping with natural steroids can be detected by evaluating the urinary concentrations and ratios of several endogenous steroids. Since these biomarkers of steroid doping are known to present large inter-individual variations, monitoring of individual steroid profiles over time allows switching from population-based to...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.206
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bioactive peptides pose a great threat to sports integrity. The detection of these peptides is essential for enforcing their prohibition in sports. Identifying the catabolites of these peptides that are formed ex vivo in plasma may improve their detection. In the present study, the stability of 27 bioactive peptides w...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.2781
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Buprenorphine and methadone are commonly used medications for opioid maintenance treatment (OMT), using sublingual and oral administration, respectively. Although beneficial for OMT, these drugs can also be abused by intravenous administration. In intravenous abuse cases, the adjuvants lactose and sucrose are excreted...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.2050
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anabolic steroids are banned substances in equine sports. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been the traditional technique for doping control analysis of anabolic steroids in biological samples. Although liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has become an important technique in doping control,...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.2090
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deschloroketamine (2-(methylamino)-2-phenyl-cyclohexanone) is a ketamine analog belonging to a group of dissociative anesthetics, which have been distributed within the illicit market since 2015. However, it was also being sold as 'ketamine' misleading people to believe that they were getting genuine ketamine. Dissoci...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.2726
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
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doi:10.1002/dta.1507
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/dta.2806
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::According to French law, the roadside testing for drugs of abuse (DOA) should be performed in oral fluid (OF) using an immunological screening kit. If the screening is positive, confirmation has to be done in OF collected by a special swab, called the FLOQSwab™ (FS). Unlike other sampling kits, this device was not des...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.2563
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new and sensitive multi-residue method (MRM) with detection by LC-MS/MS was developed and validated for the screening, determination, and confirmation of residues of 7 nitroimidazoles and 3 of their metabolites in turkey muscle tissues at concentrations ≥ 0.05 ng/g. The compounds were extracted into a solvent with a...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.1356
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaping of synthetic cannabinoids via e-cigarettes is growing in popularity. In the present study, we tentatively identified 12 by-products found in a pure sample of the synthetic cannabinoid Cumyl-5F-PINACA (1-(5-fluoropentyl)-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide), a prevalent new psychoactive substance (...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.2673
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The determination of protein- or peptide-based performance-enhancing pharmaceuticals has gained increasing attention in sports drug testing in recent decades. Proteases possess a high potential for use in the manipulation of regular urine specimens, interfering with established doping control procedures for proteins o...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.20
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The availability of a real-time assay to experimentally investigate the release of encapsulated proteins would be beneficial given the interest in the use of liposomes as a drug delivery vehicle. Although simple assays for small molecular weight substances exist, assays to evaluate macromolecules do not. Here we descr...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.2332
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urine samples were analyzed for lactose to investigate if elevated lactose concentrations indicate recent (< 48 hours) intravenous abuse of substances containing lactose as an excipient. Elevated lactose levels were found in samples given by patients who had recently injected substances intravenously, verified by fres...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.2654
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::'All scientific work is incomplete-whether it be observational or experimental. All scientific work is liable to be upset or modified by advancing knowledge. That does not confer upon us a freedom to ignore the knowledge we already have, or to postpone the action that it appears to demand at a given time.' ...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.74
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00