Co-administration of ondansetron decreases the analgesic efficacy of tramadol in humans.

abstract：:Gene knockout mice have proven to be very useful in understanding the role of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in chemical toxicity and carcinogenesis. The combination of gene knockout technology with transgenic mouse technology should provide more versatile and suitable animal models to study the risks of chemical exp...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Kimura S,Gonzalez FJ

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Angiotensin II (ANG II) is a potent vasoconstrictor in most vascular beds. We studied the role of cyclooxygenase products and/or endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) in modulating the pressor response to ANG II in the isolated, blood perfused dog lung. ANG II was given as a bolus dose of 2, 4 and 8 micrograms be...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： el-Kashef HA,Ehrhart IC,Hofman WF

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The H2-antagonist tiotidine inhibited the H2-receptor-mediated, histamine-induced increase in cyclic AMP in dispersed mucosal cells from guinea pig stomach (Ki, 4 X 10(-8) M). The radiolabeled [3H]-tiotidine bound specifically and reversibly to the same cells with a half-maximal binding occurring at 5 X 10(-7) M tioti...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Batzri S,Harmon JW

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two diazepam derivatives, the N-desmethyl and the 2'-chlor-N-desmethyldiazepam, were compared in rats using behavioral and EEG techniques. Both drugs had depressant effects upon locomotor activity, facilitated behavior suppressed by punishment, increased the number of shocks received by rats in a Sidman avoidance proc...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Babbini M,Gaiardi M,Bartoletti M

更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cinnamedrine is an active ingredient in preparations used to relieve dysmenorrhea. It has been reported to have local anesthetic properties in nerve. This property prompted us to evaluate the effects of cinnamedrine on the cardiac action potential. Cinnamedrine (10-35 microM) significantly reduced the overshoot and ma...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Arena JP,McArdle JJ,Argentieri TM

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Maternal smoking during pregnancy causes reduction of fetal breathing movements, an effect attributed to nicotine in fetal blood. Nicotine is metabolized to cotinine which has a long plasma half-life and exhibits slow clearance across membrane barriers. It is also known to activate placental phospholipase-A2-like enzy...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Sastry BV,Chance MB,Hemontolor ME,Goddijn-Wessel TA

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Surgery plays a significant role in the comprehensive treatment of breast cancer, and opioids are often the first-choice analgesics in the perioperative period. However, recent studies showed that opioids may enhance the angiogenesis of breast cancer and the recurrence and metastasis of tumor cells. OBJECTI...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Cheng S,Guo M,Liu Z,Fu Y,Wu H,Wang C,Cao M

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：AIMS:Basal insulin administered to type-2 diabetic patients with poor glycaemic control when managed with oral anti-diabetics (OADs) alone can lead to an increased risk of weight gain and hypoglycaemia. In the absence of head-to-head trials, an indirect comparison of the once-daily insulin detemir with insulin glargine...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Fakhoury W,Lockhart I,Kotchie RW,Aagren M,LeReun C

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In anesthetized rats the glucose release of the kidneys was estimated from the glucose concentrations in the arterial and renal venous plasma, urinary glucose excretion and the total renal plasma flow. Net renal glucose release was found in control experiments. The glucose release of the kidneys decreased with rising ...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Greven J,van Eys B,Jacobs W

更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：AIMS:Recent studies have reported that intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) mobilization is involved in homocysteine (Hcy)-induced endothelial dysfunction and the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) is responsible for an increase in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that inhibition of t...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Wu S,Gao X,Yang S,Liu L,Ge B,Yang Q

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms underlying the fade of the tetanic contraction induced by pancuronium were studied in vitro by means of myographical and electrophysiological techniques in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of the rat. Pancuronium (0.5 mumol/l) induced a complete fade of the tetanic contraction while leaving the twit...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Gallacci M,Oliveira AC

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in combination with diuretics is a common strategy used for the treatment of patients affected by heart failure. An infant affected by initial congestive cardiac failure, after starting the treatment with enalapril in association with furosemide, developed acut...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Fabiano V,Carnovale C,Gentili M,Radice S,Zuccotti GV,Clementi E,Perrotta C,Mameli C

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study was performed to investigate the effect of muscimol on morphine-induced hyperactivity, reverse tolerance and postsynaptic dopamine receptor supersensitivity in mice. A single administration of morphine induced hyperactivity as measured in mice, and the morphine-induced hyperactivity was inhibited dose-depen...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Yoon IS,Kim HS,Hong JT,Lee MK,Oh KW

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study was designed to evaluate the antidepressant activity of various antidepressants using the learned helplessness test (LH) or the forced swimming test (FS) in rats. Repeated treatment of the tricyclic antidepressants imipramine (10 mg/kg, p.o.), clomipramine (0.625 mg/kg, p.o.), amitriptyline (10 mg/kg, p.o.)...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Takamori K,Yoshida S,Okuyama S

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cardiovascular effects of SKP-450, a newly synthesized potassium channel activator, and its two major metabolites SKP-818 and SKP-310 were evaluated on isolated rat aorta and in freely moving rats and anesthetized beagle dogs. The rank order of potency in relaxing rat aorta precontracted with norepinephrine was SK...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Shin HS,Seo HW,Yoo SE,Lee BH

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Self-administration of either nicotine (NIC) or ethanol (ETH) has been extensively studied. This study addressed for the first time the self-administration of both substances when offered together. Male and female rats of different ages were offered NIC and ETH using the two- or three-bottle free-choice method. When N...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Marshall CE,Dadmarz M,Hofford JM,Gottheil E,Vogel WH

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We studied the anti-inflammatory activity of meloxicam on rat carrageenin-induced pleurisy and its toxicity for rat gastric mucosa, relative to its in vitro inhibitory potency against partially purified cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 preparations in order to clarify the pharmacological profile of the compound as an ...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Ogino K,Hatanaka K,Kawamura M,Katori M,Harada Y

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study was designed to examine the reaction pathway of colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS) with thiols. Studies were performed using the monothiol glutathione (GSH), the dithiol dithiothreitol (DTT) and the thiol enzymes papain and H+/K(+)-ATPase. UV-vis spectra showed that CBS forms complexes with GSH and D...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Beil W,Bierbaum S,Sewing KF

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of probenecid on the plasma protein binding of methotrexate (MTX) has been examined in vitro. At concentrations greater than or equal to 5 x 10(-4) M, probenecid caused a significant reduction (greater than 30%) in the plasma binding of MTX. It is suggested that in vivo this would lead to a greater dispersi...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Paxton JW

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Amphetamine is a sympathomimetic and psychotropic drug which is extensively metabolized in liver and in brain. One of its major metabolites, p-hydroxyamphetamine, is accumulated by cortical and striatal synaptosomes. In order to learn whether p-hydroxyamphetamine can be further metabolized to a catecholamine, a sensit...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Hoffman AR,Sastry BV,Axelrod J

更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Danthron infused intravenously in rats shows a complex dose-dependent pattern of metabolism and excretion. The metabolites, particularly the more polar ones, are in general excreted predominantly in bile, to a lesser extent in urine. They can be separated as metabolite groups according to polarity and molecular size o...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Sund RB,Junker T,Malterud KE

更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A controlled, double-blind study was made of the efficacy and safety of a new hypnotic, zopiclone, on the preoperative night's sleep by a Joint Study Unit Group of the anesthesiology departments in 6 national hospitals. The following results were found: (1) zopiclone 7.5 and 10 mg and nitrazepam 10 mg were significant...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Momose T

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The insulinogenic response to a standard i.v. dose of a sulfonylurea can be markedly augmented in normal, conscious dogs if they are given 30 min earlier a single i.v. dose of dihydroergotamine (DHE). Since the parent substance ergotamine posssed no such amplifying properties, further experiments were conducted to cla...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Sirek A,Sirek OV,Policova Z,Kerekes A

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three synthetic peptides, urotensin I, sauvagine and ovine CRF, have less than 50% sequence homology. In the dog, all three produce selective mesenteric dilation, which appears to be solely responsible for a decrease in peripheral resistance and systemic arterial blood pressure. Urotensin I and sauvagine were found to...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： MacCannell KL,Lederis K,Hamilton PL,Rivier J

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND/AIMS:The knowledge of molecular mechanisms determining drug pharmacokinetics in pathological states is relevant for the development of new therapeutic approaches. This study was undertaken to evaluate the cortical renal blood flow (cRBF) and the renal protein expression of the organic anion transporters (OAT...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Di Giusto G,Anzai N,Endou H,Torres AM

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The calcium channel antagonist, nifedipine (0.1 microM), only slightly inhibited the response to the full alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist, (-)-norepinephrine, in rat aorta, but nearly completely inhibited the response to the partial alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist, (-)-dobutamine, indicating that (-)-norepinephrine primaril...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Oriowo MA,Ruffolo RR Jr

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stimulants (histamine, acetylcholine and substance P) and relaxants (isoprenaline and bradykinin) of the guinea pig trachea were tested in the absence and presence of mepacrine, eicosatetraynoic acid, BW 755C and indomethacin in order to evaluate the involvement of prostaglandins and congeners in the effects of amines...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Mizrahi J,D'Orléans-Juste P,Caranikas S,Regoli D

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:We have reported that intermediate conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (ImK) showed augmented expression in angiotensin II (AII) type 1 receptor-dependent manner in post-ischemic rat heart. ImK has tyrosine phosphorylation sequence in the C-terminus and motifs for NFkappaB and AP1 in the promoter. Whi...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Terata Y,Saito T,Fujiwara Y,Hasegawa H,Miura H,Watanabe H,Chiba Y,Kibira S,Miura M

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the effects of the peptidoleukotriene (LT) receptor antagonist, ICI 198615, on the vasopressor responses produced by LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4. Conscious, normotensive rats were prepared with arterial and venous catheters for measurement of changes in arterial blood pressure and ...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Smith EF 3rd,Slivjak MJ

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The haemodynamic changes during epidural anaesthesia and following the administration of dihydroergotamine (DHE; 10 micrograms/kg i.v.) were studied in 7 dogs (epidural group). Epidural anaesthesia was associated with reductions in mean arterial, mean pulmonary arterial and mean right atrial pressures. Femoral flow wa...

journal_title：Pharmacology

authors： Zimpfer M,Schwarz M,Stanek B,Raberger G

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00