Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis: a manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.

Abstract:

:Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a well-described complication of initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients. As the immune system recovers, an inappropriate inflammatory response often occurs that causes significant disease. It is most commonly seen in patients naïve to therapy with CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts <100 cells/cmm and usually presents as a flare of mycobacterial, cytomegalovirus, or herpes zoster infections. Less commonly, this syndrome occurs in response to noninfectious triggers and results in autoimmune or malignant disease. Here we present the first case of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis associated with varicella zoster virus and IRIS in an adolescent with perinatally acquired HIV and hepatitis C virus infections. Our patient was not naïve to therapy but was starting a new regimen of therapy because of virologic failure and had a relatively high CD4+ T-lymphocyte count. This case report indicates that IRIS remains a concern after initiation of a new highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen in HIV-infected patients with high viral loads, even in the presence of CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts >100 cells/cmm. It may present as infectious, malignant, or autoimmune conditions including poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.

journal_name

Pediatrics

journal_title

Pediatrics

authors

Martin J,Kaul A,Schacht R

doi

10.1542/peds.2011-1246

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2012-09-01 00:00:00

pages

e710-3

issue

3

eissn

0031-4005

issn

1098-4275

pii

peds.2011-1246

journal_volume

130

pub_type

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