Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:Although it is well documented that breastfeeding promotes health and development of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, lactation initiation among mothers of VLBW infants is low. Mothers are anxious about the health of their children, and medical staff may be reluctant to promote breastfeeding out of concern for increasing that anxiety. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine whether mothers of VLBW infants who initially planned to formula feed were different in terms of their level of anxiety and maternal stress compared with mothers who had planned to breastfeed their infants. The aims of this study were to (1) determine whether counseling mothers of VLBW infants who had initially planned to formula feed on the benefits of breast milk would increase their stress and anxiety levels, (2) assess whether mothers who initially had not planned to breastfeed changed their plans after counseling to provide breast milk, and (3) measure the amount of breast milk expressed by mothers who initially planned to formula feed. Their results were compared with those of mothers of VLBW infants who initially planned to breastfeed. METHODS:Initial plan to breastfeed (initial breastfeed group [IBG]; n = 115) or formula feed (initial formula feed group [IFG]; n = 81) was determined before counseling. All participants received counseling on infant health benefits, collection and storage of breast milk, and breast pump procurement. Maternal anxiety was measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), which was administered to mothers before and after counseling and every 2 weeks until infant discharge. Maternal stress was measured after counseling with the Parental Stressor Scale: NICU. Infant breast milk intake was measured throughout hospitalization. An exit questionnaire that pertained to the perceived benefits and efforts of expressing milk was administered close to the time of infant discharge. RESULTS:After lactation counseling, 100% of the IBG and 85% of the IFG initiated breast milk expression (used the electric breast pump in the hospital) for a total lactation initiation rate of 94%. After adjustment for the mothers who initiated milk expression but did not provide any breast milk, the lactation initiation rate for the entire group was 84%. Non-Hispanic black mothers and Non-Hispanic white mothers initiated milk expression at similarly high rates (95% vs 93%). Also, milk expression initiation was similar for low-income and non-low-income mothers (95% vs 92%). IFG and IBG STAI and Parental Stressor Scale: NICU scores were not significantly different, and there were no significant differences between groups in the change in anxiety after counseling. In addition, the mean difference scores (after counseling - before counseling) for STAI anxiety "state" were not significantly different between groups, even when controlling for "trait" anxiety. State anxiety declined during the first 6 weeks of infant hospitalization in a similar manner for both groups. Maternal trait but not state anxiety scores were inversely correlated with total infant breast milk intake. Breast milk intake (mL/kg per day) was greater in the infants of mothers in the IBG compared with the IFG at each week during the first month and for their entire hospital stay. Infant breast milk intake increased from weeks 1 to 3 in both groups and continued to rise in the fourth week for the IBG. However, breast milk intake declined at week 4 for the IFG. IBG infants received breast milk for 83% of the total fed hospital days (days that feedings were given) compared with 44% of total fed days for the IFG. The proportion of enteral intake that was breast milk was also greater for the IBG compared with IFG during the first 4 weeks and for the total hospitalization. However, the mothers in IFG were able to provide at least 50% of their infants' enteral intake for the first 3 weeks, 48.8% for the fourth week, and 32.8% of the enteral intake for the entire hospitalization. Infants of low-income women received significantly lower amounts of breast milk than did infants of non-low-income mothers. Race and income accounted for 36% of the variance in breast milk intake. Of the 184 mothers who initiated breast milk expression, 72 (39%) completed the exit questionnaire. Infant health benefits were the most common reasons cited by both groups for expressing milk. The most common reasons that both groups reported for ceasing milk expression were (1) low milk supply, (2) returning to work or school, and (3) inability to pump as often as needed. Almost all of the mothers reported that pumping was worth the effort (IBG 100%, IFG 87%), and 100% said that they were glad that the staff helped them with milk expression. CONCLUSION:Counseling mothers of VLBW infants increases the incidence of lactation initiation and breast milk feeding without increasing maternal stress and anxiety.
journal_name
Pediatricsjournal_title
Pediatricsauthors
Sisk PM,Lovelady CA,Dillard RG,Gruber KJdoi
10.1542/peds.2005-0267subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-01-01 00:00:00pages
e67-75issue
1eissn
0031-4005issn
1098-4275pii
117/1/e67journal_volume
117pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PEDIATRICS文献大全abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the prevalence and predictors of language attainment in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and severe language delay. We hypothesized greater autism symptomatology and lower intelligence among children who do not attain phrase/fluent speech, with nonverbal intelligence and social engageme...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2012-2221
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Parent Report of Children's Abilities-Revised (PARCA-R) is a questionnaire for assessing cognitive and language development in very preterm infants. Given the increased risk of developmental delay in infants born late and moderately preterm (LMPT; 32-36 weeks), this study aimed to validate this questionn...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2014-0266
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are some children whose parents believe them to be unusually susceptible to medical or developmental problems--"vulnerable"--despite a lack of objective evidence of any difficulty. The "vulnerable child syndrome" refers to a constellation of behaviors that are thought to develop as a result of this excessive par...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To call attention to a cutaneous marker for neural tube closure defects of the scalp, the "hair collar" sign. This finding consists of a ring of long, dark, coarse hair surrounding a midline scalp nodule. METHODS AND RESULTS:Four children with small congenital scalp nodules and the hair collar sign were stud...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Thermoregulation is impaired during desynchronized sleep in animals and in adults. This can lead to a conflict between homeothermy and sleep in nonthermoneutral conditions. This study aimed to analyze thermoregulation during sleep, especially during desynchronized sleep (active sleep, AS) and t...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression (HPAS) when treating children with corticosteroids is thought to be rare. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of and predictive factors for various degrees of HPAS. METHODS:Clinical features of HPAS, doses, adherence, asthma score, and ...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2012-1147
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Inattention and hyperactivity are frequent among children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and often improve when SDB is treated. However, the frequency of SDB symptoms among inattentive and hyperactive children has received little study. DESIGN:Cross-sectional survey. SETTING:Two university-affiliated...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1542/peds.109.3.449
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine associations of the timing of complementary feeding (CF) introduction with adiposity throughout childhood. METHODS:We studied 1013 children from Project Viva. Our exposure was CF introduction, categorized as <4 months (19%), 4 to <6 months (68%; reference group), and ≥6 months of age (14%). Our o...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2019-1320
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::: media-1vid110.1542/5972296741001PEDS-VA_2018-2373Video Abstract BACKGROUND: Studies have revealed an association between positional plagiocephaly and/or brachycephaly (PPB) and development, although little is known about long-term outcomes. We examined cognition and academic achievement in children with and without ...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2018-2373
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Numerous faces scales have been developed for the measurement of pain intensity in children. It remains unclear whether any one of the faces scales is better for a particular purpose with regard to validity, reliability, feasibility, and preference. OBJECTIVES:To summarize and systematically review faces pain ...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1542/peds.2010-1609
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Pacifier use has been reported to be associated with a reduced risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), but most countries around the world, including the United States, have been reluctant to recommend the use of pacifiers because of concerns about possible adverse effects. This meta-analysis was underta...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1542/peds.2004-2631
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) in infants can be congenital or perinatal. Infected infants may be asymptomatic or present with pneumonia, rash, hepatosplenomegaly, or encephalitis.1 In the presence of an immunodeficiency, severe and sometimes fatal disease may occur. To our knowledge, CMV has not been identified...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.103.1.e10
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Investigative efforts to improve monitoring during sedation for patients of all ages are part of a national agenda for patient safety. According to the Institute of Medicine, recent technological advances in patient monitoring have contributed to substantially decreased mortality for people receiving general...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1542/peds.2005-1709
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is now the leading cause of lung disease in US infants. In a large regional cohort, we tested the hypothesis that despite innovations in neonatal care, very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (<1500 g) with BPD had poorer developmental outcomes than nonaffected infants during the...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.100.6.987
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine if serum levels of S100B are higher in children with CHT and ICI as detected by cranial CT and if long bone fractures affect the level of S100B in children with CHT and skeletal injury. METHODS:Children <18 years of age who presented to an urban pediatric emergency department or were transferred...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2008-1493
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Children who have suffered early abuse or neglect may later present with significant health and behavior problems that may persist long after the abusive or neglectful environment has been remediated. Neurobiological research suggests that early maltreatment may result in an altered psychological and physiologic respo...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2017-0100
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, also known as short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SBCAD) deficiency, is a recently described autosomal recessive disorder of L-isoleucine metabolism. Only 4 affected individuals in 2 families have been described. One patient developed athetoid cerebral pa...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1542/peds.112.1.74
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine social factors associated with increased risk of hospital admission from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or diabetic coma as well as risk of prolonged hospital stay. METHODS:A cohort of all children (=21 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) in the National Inpatient Sample admitted for DKA or...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.109.1.40
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To describe the epidemiology of foreign-body ingestions (FBIs) of children <6 years of age who were treated in US emergency departments from 1995 to 2015. METHODS:We performed a retrospective analysis using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for children <6 years of age who were tr...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2018-1988
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Pediatric surveillance of young children depends on providers' assessment of developmental milestones, yet normative data are sparse. Our objectives were to develop new norms for common milestones to aid in clinical interpretation of milestone attainment. METHODS:We analyzed responses to the ...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2019-0374
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the association between longitudinal growth measures (height, weight, head circumference, and extent of catch-up growth) and neuropsychological functioning at 7 years in moderately and late preterm children. METHODS:This study was part of a prospective, community-based cohort study. Data on grow...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2015-3638
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The objectives of this study were to: 1) determine the incidence of biphasic reactions in children with anaphylaxis; 2) establish what risk factors can predict progression to a biphasic reaction; and 3) assess the utility of inpatient observation for patients whose anaphylaxis appears to have resolved. METH...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.106.4.762
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Keloids occur commonly after trauma to the skin, with ear piercing being a well-known inciting event. We surveyed 32 patients with keloids resulting from ear piercing, to examine a potential relationship between age of piercing and keloid formation. METHODS:A total of 32 consecutive patients completed a surv...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2004-1085
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of pediatric collaborative improvement networks have demonstrated improved care and outcomes for children. Regionally, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Physician Hospital Organization has sustained key asthma processes, substantially increased the percentage of their asthma population receiving "...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2012-3786F
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the annual prevalence of physical violence from dating partners among a representative sample of sexually experienced adolescent girls attending US public and private high schools, as well as sexual risk behaviors and pregnancy among this population. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND MEASURES:Fem...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.114.2.e220
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Standard recommendations for evaluating and treating jaundice in term babies include following all babies closely for jaundice, obtaining several laboratory tests in those with early jaundice or bilirubin levels more than 12 to 13 mg/dL (205 to 222 mumol/L), using phototherapy to try to keep bilirubin levels below 20 ...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:In 1982, Tolarova(4) found a reduction in the recurrence rate of isolated cleft lip (CL) with or without cleft palate (CP; CL +/- CP) after periconceptional supplementation with a multivitamin including a very high dose (10 mg) of folic acid. The Hungarian randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of pericon...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.104.6.e66
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Indications for and results and complications of embolization of lesions of the head and neck were analyzed retrospectively. The procedures were performed since 1980 on an emergent or urgent basis in 30 infants and children by an experienced interventional neuroradiologist in Bicetre, France. Indications for embolizat...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Meningococcal conjugate vaccination is recommended in the United States. This study evaluates the safety of quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine in a cohort aged 11 to 21 years. METHODS:This cohort study with self-controlled case-series analysis was conducted at Kaiser Permanente Southern California...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2016-2084
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To update clinical practice guidelines to assist primary care (PC) clinicians in the management of adolescent depression. This part of the updated guidelines is used to address practice preparation, identification, assessment, and initial management of adolescent depression in PC settings. METHODS:By using ...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,实务指引
doi:10.1542/peds.2017-4081
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00