Abstract:
PURPOSE:To describe and mathematically validate the superiorization methodology, which is a recently developed heuristic approach to optimization, and to discuss its applicability to medical physics problem formulations that specify the desired solution (of physically given or otherwise obtained constraints) by an optimization criterion. METHODS:The superiorization methodology is presented as a heuristic solver for a large class of constrained optimization problems. The constraints come from the desire to produce a solution that is constraints-compatible, in the sense of meeting requirements provided by physically or otherwise obtained constraints. The underlying idea is that many iterative algorithms for finding such a solution are perturbation resilient in the sense that, even if certain kinds of changes are made at the end of each iterative step, the algorithm still produces a constraints-compatible solution. This property is exploited by using permitted changes to steer the algorithm to a solution that is not only constraints-compatible, but is also desirable according to a specified optimization criterion. The approach is very general, it is applicable to many iterative procedures and optimization criteria used in medical physics. RESULTS:The main practical contribution is a procedure for automatically producing from any given iterative algorithm its superiorized version, which will supply solutions that are superior according to a given optimization criterion. It is shown that if the original iterative algorithm satisfies certain mathematical conditions, then the output of its superiorized version is guaranteed to be as constraints-compatible as the output of the original algorithm, but it is superior to the latter according to the optimization criterion. This intuitive description is made precise in the paper and the stated claims are rigorously proved. Superiorization is illustrated on simulated computerized tomography data of a head cross section and, in spite of its generality, superiorization is shown to be competitive to an optimization algorithm that is specifically designed to minimize total variation. CONCLUSIONS:The range of applicability of superiorization to constrained optimization problems is very large. Its major utility is in the automatic nature of producing a superiorization algorithm from an algorithm aimed at only constraints-compatibility; while nonheuristic (exact) approaches need to be redesigned for a new optimization criterion. Thus superiorization provides a quick route to algorithms for the practical solution of constrained optimization problems.
journal_name
Med Physjournal_title
Medical physicsauthors
Herman GT,Garduno E,Davidi R,Censor Ydoi
10.1118/1.4745566subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-09-01 00:00:00pages
5532-46issue
9eissn
0094-2405issn
2473-4209journal_volume
39pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
MEDICAL PHYSICS文献大全abstract::Machine outputs, peak scatter factors, and central axis percentage depth dose distributions were measured for various phantom sizes in large radiation fields produced at extended distances by cobalt, 6-MV, and 10-MV photon beams. The results can be applied to practical total body irradiation procedures which usually i...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.595686
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This article presents an iterative method for compensation of motion artifacts for slowly rotating computed tomography (CT) systems. Patient's motion introduces inconsistencies among projections and yields severe reconstruction artifacts for free-breathing acquisitions. Streaks and doubling of structures can ap...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.3244035
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of dedicated magnetic resonance simulation (MR-SIM) platforms in Radiation Oncology has expanded rapidly, introducing new equipment and functionality with the overall goal of improving the accuracy of radiation treatment planning. However, this emerging technology presents a new set of challenges that need to ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mp.14695
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study is to perform a statistical analysis to verify the calculated percentage depth dose (PDD) based on the tissue maximum ratio (TMR) with the PDD measurements taken in water. 6 and 15 MV photon beams produced by a Varian linear 2100 C/D accelerator were used. PDDs and TMRs were measured at various d...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4740131
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Pulse pileup occurring at high x-ray fluxes can severely degrade the energy resolution provided by a photon counting detector, which can represent a problem in spectroscopic CT when performing quantitative material discrimination tasks. As the effects of pileup can be most easily seen as a degradation of a dete...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4820535
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The authors investigated the performance of a recently introduced 160-mm/256-row CT system for low dose quantitative myocardial perfusion (MP) imaging of the whole heart. This platform is equipped with a gantry capable of rotating at 280 ms per full cycle, a second generation of adaptive statistical iterative r...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4957389
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Wide-angle free-air chambers (WAFACs) are used as primary standard measurement devices for establishing the air-kerma strength of low-energy, low-dose rate brachytherapy seeds. The National Research Council of Canada (NRC) is commissioning a primary standard wide-angle free-air chamber (NRC WAFAC) to serve the ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4951727
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::For an effective radiotherapy the exact tumor location must be determined. The localization has to take into account patient's setup position as well as internal organ motion. Among the different localization methods, the use of a computer tomography (CT) scanner in the therapy room has been proposed recently. Achievi...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.2103447
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Patient-specific QA of highly conformal radiotherapy treatments are usually conducted using 2D or 3D dosimetry of the incident dose distribution in a water-equivalent phantom. However, dosimeters typically used for this task usually lack in either spatial resolution or dose accuracy. The purpose of this work is...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4736526
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method is described for calibration of 192Ir high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy afterloading systems. Since NIST does not offer calibration of ionization chambers with the gamma-ray spectrum of iridium-192, an interpolation procedure is employed, using calibrations above (137Cs, 662 keV) and below (250 kVcp, 146-keV...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.596649
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP) has been developed for conformal microirradiation with on-board cone beam CT (CBCT) guidance. The graphics processing unit (GPU)-accelerated Superposition-Convolution (SC) method for dose computation has been integrated into the treatment planning system (TPS...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mp.12862
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:We propose a new metric called Distance Discordance (DD), which is defined as the distance between two anatomic points from two moving images, which are co-located on some reference image, when deformed onto another reference image. METHODS:To demonstrate the concept of DD, we created a reference software phan...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4736139
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::An electronic scanning-slit technology is under development which involves replacing paired fore and aft slits for scatter rejection with only one fore slit. As the slit scans across the portion of the patient to be imaged, pulsed x-ray exposures produce images of the slit in successive positions, which are digitized ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.595940
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dynamic range of the gray level of a digital image is limited by the noise it contains. Two statistical methods called "runs test" and "join-count statistic" are used to measure the noise level in a digital image. A residual image is formed by subtracting an original image from its smoothed version. Theoretically,...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.597058
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate a model which can predict patient's Entrance Skin Exposure (ESE) from height and weight and a single kVp mR/mAs measurement for radiographic. METHODS:Patient height, weight and post exposure mAs are obtained to assess ESE based on IAEA model. Patient's thickness is obtained by assuming a cylindrica...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4734825
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To measure the calibration curves of EBT3 dosimetry films in photon and proton beams and to quantify the related uncertainties from one beam type to another. METHODS:EBT3 Gafchromic films have similar properties than EBT2 with a symmetric construction and a matte polyester substrate to prevent Newton's ring ar...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4735176
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:In the practice code of dosimetry, humidity effect is assumed to be constant as far as the measurements are performed in the relative humidity (RH) range of (20-80)%; thus, the humidity effect can be ignored with a dose uncertainty of 0.15%. This assumption is based on the previous experimental results by Niate...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mp.13665
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We propose a new starting point for comparing planar dose distributions using a Jacobian-based measure. The measure is normalization independent, i.e., is sensitive to dose patterns while not being biased by global dose scaling. The measure is free of tunable parameters and is bounded between zero and one. We also pro...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.2982136
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spectra, yields, average energies, and kerma rates in tissue of neutrons from 21-MeV deuteron bombardment of deuterium gas targets have been calculated for target thicknesses of 1, 3.5, and 5 MeV. A high pressure gas cell was constructed and was filled with 33 atm of D2 gas (equivalent to an energy loss of 3.5 MeV for...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.594561
更新日期:1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:When designing a collimation system for pencil beam spot scanning proton therapy, a decision must be made whether or not to rotate, or focus, the collimator to match beamlet deflection as a function of off-axis distance. If the collimator is not focused, the beamlet shape and fluence will vary as a function of ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mp.14139
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate the accuracy of skin dose determination for composite multibeam 3D conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatments using optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLDs) and Eclipse treatment planning system. METHODS:Surface doses measured by OSLDs...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4890795
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Accurate, patient-specific radiation dosimetry for CT scanning is critical to optimize radiation doses and balance dose against image quality. While Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is often used to estimate doses from CT, comparison of estimates to experimentally measured values is lacking for advanced CT scanners ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mp.13780
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor cells can be killed by heating to 42.5 degrees C. It is convenient to localize heating by passing electric current at 500 kHz through tissue between a pair of electrodes. It is desirable to determine, for a given electrode-tissue configuration, what the resulting field and, therefore, current distribution will b...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.594235
更新日期:1976-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Respiratory motion in the chest region during single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a major degrading factor that reduces the accuracy of image quantification. This effect is more notable when the tumor is very small, or the spatial resolution of the imaging system is less than the respiratory m...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mp.13807
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Robust registration of prone and supine colonie surfaces acquired during CT colonography may lead to faster and more accurate detection of colorectal cancer and polyps. Any directional bias when registering one surface to the other could precipitate incorrect anatomical correspondence and engender reader error....
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4736159
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coherent-scatter computed tomography (CSCT) is a novel imaging method we are developing to produce cross-sectional images based on the low-angle (<10 degrees) scatter properties of tissue. At diagnostic energies, this scatter is primarily coherent with properties dependent upon the molecular structure of the scatterer...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.1493216
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Computational models of microwave tissue ablation are widely used to guide the development of ablation devices, and are increasingly being used for the development of treatment planning and monitoring platforms. Knowledge of temperature-dependent dielectric properties of lung tissue is essential for accurate mo...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mp.13704
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:A compact, three-tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system has been developed. It features a 37 cm patient aperture, allowing the use of commercial receiver coils. Its design allows simultaneously for gradient amplitudes of 85 millitesla per meter (mT/m) sustained and 700 tesla per meter per second (T/m/s) ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4941362
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::An adaptive linear element (Adaline) was developed to estimate the two-dimensional scatter exposure distribution in digital portable chest radiographs (DPCXR). DPCXRs and quantitative scatter exposure measurements at 64 locations throughout the chest were acquired for ten radiographically normal patients. The Adaline ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.596978
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gamma index is a tool that compares a dose distribution with a reference distribution by combining dose-difference and distance-to-agreement criteria. It has been widely used for ten years despite its high computational cost. This cost is due to both a search process for each reference point and the necessity to r...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.3070546
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00