Abstract:
:Since 2005, a large poliomyelitis outbreak associated with type 2 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV2) has occurred in northern Nigeria, where immunization coverage with trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) has been low. Phylogenetic analysis of P1/capsid region sequences of isolates from each of the 403 cases reported in 2005 to 2011 resolved the outbreak into 23 independent type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV2) emergences, at least 7 of which established circulating lineage groups. Virus from one emergence (lineage group 2005-8; 361 isolates) was estimated to have circulated for over 6 years. The population of the major cVDPV2 lineage group expanded rapidly in early 2009, fell sharply after two tOPV rounds in mid-2009, and gradually expanded again through 2011. The two major determinants of attenuation of the Sabin 2 oral poliovirus vaccine strain (A481 in the 5'-untranslated region [5'-UTR] and VP1-Ile143) had been replaced in all VDPV2 isolates; most A481 5'-UTR replacements occurred by recombination with other enteroviruses. cVDPV2 isolates representing different lineage groups had biological properties indistinguishable from those of wild polioviruses, including efficient growth in neuron-derived HEK293 cells, the capacity to cause paralytic disease in both humans and PVR-Tg21 transgenic mice, loss of the temperature-sensitive phenotype, and the capacity for sustained person-to-person transmission. We estimate from the poliomyelitis case count and the paralytic case-to-infection ratio for type 2 wild poliovirus infections that ∼700,000 cVDPV2 infections have occurred during the outbreak. The detection of multiple concurrent cVDPV2 outbreaks in northern Nigeria highlights the risks of cVDPV emergence accompanying tOPV use at low rates of coverage in developing countries.
journal_name
J Viroljournal_title
Journal of virologyauthors
Burns CC,Shaw J,Jorba J,Bukbuk D,Adu F,Gumede N,Pate MA,Abanida EA,Gasasira A,Iber J,Chen Q,Vincent A,Chenoweth P,Henderson E,Wannemuehler K,Naeem A,Umami RN,Nishimura Y,Shimizu H,Baba M,Adeniji A,Williams AJ,doi
10.1128/JVI.02954-12subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-05-01 00:00:00pages
4907-22issue
9eissn
0022-538Xissn
1098-5514pii
JVI.02954-12journal_volume
87pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) infection of macaques exhibits strong similarities to human CMV (HCMV) persistence and pathogenesis. The immunogenicity of DNA vaccines encoding three RhCMV proteins (a truncated version of glycoprotein B lacking the transmembrane region and endodomain [gBDeltaTM], phosphoprotein 65-2 [p...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01708-06
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journal_title:Journal of virology
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doi:10.1128/JVI.00735-09
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abstract::The complete nucleotide sequences of the vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA's encoding the glycoprotein (G) and the matrix protein (M) have been determined from cDNA clones that contain the complete coding sequences from each mRNA. The G protein mRNA is 1,665 nucleotides long, excluding polyadenylic acid, and encodes a p...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.39.2.519-528.1981
更新日期:1981-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02719-05
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01024-16
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abstract::A gene encoding the large T antigen of polyomavirus was inserted into the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus so that gene expression was under the control of the strong, very late polyhedrin gene promoter. Significantly more large T antigen was produced in recombinant virus-infected insect c...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.61.5.1712-1716.1987
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.67.9.5550-5561.1993
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analysis of the pronase-derived glycopeptides of isolated mumps virus glycoproteins revealed the presence of both complex and high-mannose-type oligosaccharides on the HN and F1 glycoproteins, whereas only high-mannose-type glycopeptides were detected on F2. Endoglycosidase F, a newly described glycosidase that cleave...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.47.2.354-362.1983
更新日期:1983-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.76.5.2131-2140.2002
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.76.4.1559-1568.2002
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ATP-dependent DNase activity of Escherichia coli disappeared or was markedly reduced after infection with double-stranded DNA phages, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, lambda, phi80, and P1, but not with the single-stranded DNA phage f1, or the RNA phage Qbeta. This DNase activity was not reduced when chloramphenicol was ad...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.14.6.1611-1612.1974
更新日期:1974-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recombinant vaccinia virus genome was constructed in which the viral thymidine kinase (tk) gene was placed between direct repeats of a 1.5-kilobase-pair DNA sequence of heterologous origin. When forced to replicate in tk- cells in the presence of methotrexate (i.e., under tk+-selective conditions), the recombinant m...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.61.6.1788-1795.1987
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rubella virus is an enveloped positive-strand RNA virus of the family TOGAVIRIDAE: Virions are composed of three structural proteins: a capsid and two membrane-spanning glycoproteins, E2 and E1. During virus assembly, the capsid interacts with genomic RNA to form nucleocapsids. In the present study, we have investigat...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.77.3.1764-1771.2003
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Although the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) epidemic was controlled by nonvaccine measures, coronaviruses remain a major threat to human health. The design of optimal coronavirus vaccines therefore remains a priority. Such vaccines present major challenges: coronavirus im...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02980-14
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.64.9.4534-4539.1990
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.03117-14
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.1.5.948-955.1967
更新日期:1967-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.74.23.11137-11144.2000
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.65.5.2290-2298.1991
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.67.7.4427-4431.1993
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.65.3.1638-1643.1991
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The process of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced transformation of human B lymphocytes results in a cell line that is a mixture of latently and lytically infected cells, with the lytic cells composing roughly 5% to less than 0.0001% of the overall population. A set of nine normal lymphoblastoid cell lines that span a 1...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.64.1.437-444.1990
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.76.5.2424-2433.2002
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.13.3.677-689.1974
更新日期:1974-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.75.18.8649-8659.2001
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.66.1.432-439.1992
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.63.2.974-977.1989
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of porcine endogenous retroviruses presents a potential risk of transmission of infectious diseases (xenozoonosis) if tissues and organs from genetically modified pigs are to be used in xenotransplantation. Here, we report that intracellular expression of a llama single-domain antibody against p15, the ma...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.77.22.12132-12139.2003
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retroviruses, as a result of the presence of two identical genomic RNA molecules in their virions, recombine at a high rate. When nonhomologous RNA is present in the dimer RNA molecules, nonhomologous recombination can occur, although the rate is very low, only 0.1% of the rate of essentially homologous recombination ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.68.4.2409-2414.1994
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00