Abstract:
:The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology (location, microbial load, microbiome, presence/absence of biofilm and pathogens, including ESKAPE-Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter species, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles) of the bacterial contamination on intensive care units (ICUs) surfaces. Fifty-seven high-touched surfaces were collected from adult, paediatric and neonatal ICUs from two large public Brazilian hospitals from central and north regions. Samples (c. 4 cm2 ) were subjected to culture (qualitative), qPCR targeting 16s rRNA gene (microbial load-bacteria per cm2 ), 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing (microbiome analysis) and scanning electron (SEM) or confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) (biofilm presence). Multidrug resistant organisms (MROs) were detected using specific chromogenic agar. The average bacterial load was 1·32 × 104 bacteria per cm2 , container for newborn feeding bottles, stretcher mattress, humidicrib mattress filling and computer keyboards presented the higher bioburden. However, only 45·6% (26/57) were culture-positive, including 4/26 with MROs. ESKAPE organisms were detected in 51·8% of the samples subjected to next-generation sequencing. Viability staining and CLSM demonstrated live bacteria on 76·7% of culture-negative samples. Biofilm was present on all surfaces subjected to microscopy (n = 56), demonstrating that current cleaning practices are suboptimal and reinforcing that MROs are incorporated into hospital surfaces biofilm. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Contamination of healthcare facilities surfaces has been shown to play a major role in transmission of pathogens. The findings of this study show that dry surface biofilms are widespread and can incorporate pathogens and multidrug-resistant organisms (MROs). Biofilms on highly touched surfaces pose a risk to patients, as dry surface biofilms persist for long period and micro-organisms within biofilm have been shown to be transmitted. This study also provides a better understanding of microbial populations in hospital environments, reinforcing that pathogens and MROs are found incorporated into biofilm, which impacts the difficulty in cleaning/disinfection.
journal_name
Lett Appl Microbioljournal_title
Letters in applied microbiologyauthors
Costa DM,Johani K,Melo DS,Lopes LKO,Lopes Lima LKO,Tipple AFV,Hu H,Vickery Kdoi
10.1111/lam.13127subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-04-01 00:00:00pages
269-276issue
4eissn
0266-8254issn
1472-765Xjournal_volume
68pub_type
杂志文章abstract:AIMS:To establish species-specific PCR and DNA probe methods for Streptococcus salivarius and to clarify the distribution of dextranase in oral isolates of Strep. salivarius. METHODS AND RESULTS:A pair of PCR primers and a DNA probe were designed based on the nucleotide sequence of the dextranase gene of Strep. saliva...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.2001.00928.x
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS: Lesions of DNA are removed by nucleotide excision repair (NER) process in the living systems. NER process-related host factors are believed to aid recovery steps during viral integration. Here, we report identification and characterization of a DNA repair molecule Rad23 from kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus. ...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2011.03073.x
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:2-Keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid (KMBA) is an established intermediate in microbial biosynthesis of ethylene from methionine. This study demonstrates the kinetics and effects of trace elements and electron complexes on substrate (KMBA)-derived C2H4 biosynthesis in soil. METHODS AND RESULTS:We have previously repor...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2004.01590.x
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-degradability of conventional plastics, filling of landfill sites, raising water and land pollution and rapid depletion of fossil resources have raised the environmental issues and global concerns. The current demand and production of plastics is putting immense pressure on fossil resources, consuming about 6% of ...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/lam.13287
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:The purpose of this study was to determine if DNA polymorphisms generated by RAPD-PCR could be used to characterize Group B streptococci (GBS) for epidemiological purposes. METHODS AND RESULTS:30 unrelated, previously serotyped strains were analysed by RAPD-PCR using two 10-mer primers (5' TGCGAGAGTC 3' and 5' AG...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.2002.01177.x
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To develop a colorimetric colony-screening assay to facilitate the isolation of micro-organisms capable of defluorination. METHODS AND RESULTS:A metal-dye chelate, zirconium-xylenol orange was used to detect fluoride ions released from a fluorinated substrate through microbial metabolism. Depolymerised zirconium ...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2011.03123.x
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Bioconversion of biomass, particularly crop wastes, into biofuels is being developed as an alternative approach in meeting the high energy demand. In this study, a thermophilic bacterial strain BY-3 that exhibits cellulolytic potential was isolated from faecal samples of Tibetan pigs; this strain was identif...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/lam.12276
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To evaluate mycobiota and aflatoxins B(1) (AFB(1)), B(2) (AFB(2)), G(1) (AFG(1)), G(2) (AFG(2)) and fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) contamination in different malted barley types and brands and brewer's grain collected from a major Argentinean brewery. METHODS AND RESULTS:Total fungal counts were performed using the plate...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2011.03157.x
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To identify several strains of Mesorhizobium amorphae and Mesorhizobium tianshanense nodulating Cicer arietinum in Spain and Portugal, and to study the symbiotic genes carried by these strains. METHODS AND RESULTS:The sequences of 16S-23S intergenic spacer (ITS), 16S rRNA gene and symbiotic genes nodC and nifH we...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.02086.x
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three white rot fungi were compared for their ability to attack polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in the presence and absence of the non-ionic Triton X-100 or the anionic Dowfax 8390 surfactants at half their critical micelle concentrations. Neither surfactant affected PCB biodegradation monitored by gas chroma...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00700.x
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to evaluate possible indicators of viral aerosol contamination in sewage treatment plants, a year-long study was carried out on the relationships between the presence of cytopathogenic viruses and the counts of total bacteria, faecal streptococci and somatic coliphages in samples collected at various distance...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00503.x
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To examine whether isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana are more closely associated to their summer hosts compared with overwintering hosts, with recently developed molecular tools based on mitochondrial regions. METHODS AND RESULTS:Primers for the traditional ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and two mi...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.02331.x
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Bacterial vaginosis is a frequent dysbiosis, where the normal lactobacillus-dominated flora is replaced by an anaerob/aerob polymicrobial flora. Bacterial vaginosis increases the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STI) including the most frequent Chlamydia trachomatis infections. Intravaginal...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/lam.12625
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and proportions of opportunistic pathogens harboured on orthodontic retainers. METHODS AND RESULTS:First, Staphylococcus spp. and Candida spp. were isolated from the retainer's inner surface and from other mucosal surfaces of the subject's mouth by routine bac...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2011.03031.x
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To investigate the genetics of dimethoate degradation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa MCMB-427. METHODS AND RESULTS:Pseudomonas aeruginosa MCMB-427 demonstrated the ability to degrade dimethoate, a synthetic organophosphate insecticide. Total DNA preparation of MCMB-427 revealed the presence of a 6.6 kbp plasmid (desig...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.2001.00995.x
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:The aims of this study were to investigate in vitro the effects of Lactobacillus isolates from a chicken on adhesion of pathogenic Salmonella and Escherichia coli to chicken intestinal mucus obtained from different intestinal regions. METHODS AND RESULTS:Bacteria were labelled by using methyl-1,2-[(3)H]-thymidine...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.01844.x
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:The aim of this study was to elucidate if the need for iron for Escherichia coli to remain cultivable in a poorly nutritive medium such as the drinking water uses the iron transport system via the siderophores. METHODS AND RESULTS:Environmental strains of E. coli (isolated from a drinking water network), referenc...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.01895.x
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Cysteine phytase is the main phytate-degrading enzyme of ruminant animals. To explore the genetic diversity and dynamic expression profile of cysteine phytase in sheep rumen during a feeding cycle, four transcript (0, 4, 9 and 16 h after feeding) and one DNA (9 h after feeding) clone libraries were construct...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/lam.12318
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of buoyant density centrifugation (BDC) to prepare samples for PCR analysis of food pathogens is described. Blue cheese and milk homogenates were inoculated with Shigella flexneri and layered on top of Percoll media. After BDC, the food homogenates remained in the upper part of the centrifuge tube, separated f...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.1997.00069.x
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The influence of oenological factors on cold-active pectinases from 15 preselected indigenous yeasts belonging to Aureobasidium pullulans, Filobasidium capsuligenum, Rhodotorula dairenensis, Cryptococcus saitoi and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. Pectinolytic enzymes were constitutive or partially...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/lam.12390
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Emulsions of the fatty acids linoleic (C18:2 n-6), alpha-linolenic (C18:3 n-3) and arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6) were incubated for 4 h under anaerobic conditions with human faecal suspensions. Linoleic acid was significantly decreased (P < 0.001) and there was a significant rise (P < 0.05) in its hydrogenation product...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00616.x
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Evaluation of the activity profiles of standard prokaryotic translation inhibitors with different physicochemical properties under whole-cell and cell-free conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS:The minimal inhibitory concentration values (cell-free/whole-cell microg ml(-1)) for three aminoglycosides (neomycin, 0.01/6.9...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02281.x
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To examine factors affecting faecal shedding of the foodborne pathogens Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in dairy cattle and evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates. METHODS:Faecal samples were obtained in replicate from lactating (LAC; n = 60) and non-lactating (NLAC; n = 60) Holstein catt...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.2003.01417.x
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Industrial biotechnology uses microbiological cells to produce a wide range of products. While the organisms in question are well understood regarding their genetic and molecular properties, less is known about their mechanical properties. Previous work has established a testing procedure for single Saccharo...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/lam.12468
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:The present study was designed to determine the individual and combined effects of acidified sodium chlorite (ASC, 0.1%, 24 +/- 1 degrees C), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC, 0.5%, 24 +/- 1 degrees C) and hot water (HW, 93 +/- 1 degrees C) treatments on the survival of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureu...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.01932.x
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colicin V is a small, proteinaceous bacterial toxin, produced by many strains of Escherichia coli and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae, that fits the definition of class II bacteriocins of Gram-positive bacteria. Export of colicin V is dependent on specific ABC (ATP-binding cassette) secretion proteins which re...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00571.x
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enterococci were isolated from faecal droppings of chickens in broiler and layer farms and the susceptibilities to nine therapeutic antimicrobial agents and six growth-promoting antibiotics were determined by the agar dilution method. Resistance to therapeutic antimicrobial agents such as ampicillin, clindamycin, eryt...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.00842.x
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Investigations of a free-range broiler flock during the rearing period and at the slaughterhouse by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of the flagellin (flaA) gene (flaA typing) have shown that poultry carcasses are contaminated by Campylobacter spp. strains which were previo...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.1999.00645.x
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Overproduced alpha-amylases in Bacillus subtilis provoke a specific stress response involving the CssRS two-component system, which controls expression of the HtrA and HtrB proteases. Previously, the B. subtilis TepA protein was implicated in high-level alpha-amylase secretion. Our present studies were aimed at in...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2004.01539.x
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS: To show that application of copper hydroxide citrus sprays mixed with field source water (possibly contaminated) will not support Escherichia coli on plant surfaces. Environmental stresses of transient phyllosphere bacteria and presence of copper will eradicate these bacteria before harvest. METHODS AND RESULTS...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2011.03179.x
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00