Physiology of Parathyroid Hormone.

abstract：:All of the actions of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) can be explained on the basis of ANF's interaction with specific receptors on the plasma membrane of cells in target tissues. These receptors have been identified. Binding to these receptors by ANF is time dependent and specific and occurs with high affinity. Numer...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Jacobs JW,Vlasuk GP,Rosenblatt M

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ethnicity is a complex yet important construct and an independent risk factor for diabetic heart disease (DHD) with paramount clinical significance. Clinicians should try to better understand the role of ethnicity through more questions. The risk of DHD is modified by ethnicity through more questions. The risk of DHD ...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Dave JK,Kamdar VV

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is a major hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and obesity that is characterized by impaired insulin-mediated glucose transport and glycogen synthesis and by increased intramyocellular content of lipid metabolites. Several studies have provided evidence for mitochondrial dy...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Højlund K,Mogensen M,Sahlin K,Beck-Nielsen H

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors are not rare. The diagnosis of a patient with hyperprolactinemia and possible tumor should be carried out in an orderly fashion by first excluding secondary causes. If the patient has pathologic hyperprolactinemia, assessment of pituitary anatomy with a high resolution CT scan (or ...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Vance ML,Thorner MO

更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are several objectives to be achieved during the diagnostic evaluation of a male partner of an infertile partnership. The first is to identify whether or not there is a male factor present and, if so, whether this is attributable to an underlying medical illness. The second is to identify the cause of reduced ma...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Jarow JP

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The biologic actions of the peptides of the gastrointestinal tract indicate that they exert their effects by interacting with, in many instances, more than one receptor type and receptors on several tissues. Gut hormone profiles in pathophysiologic situations have not demonstrated a significant role for them in diseas...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Brown JC

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The notion that Graves' ophthalmopathy is an autoimmune disease has been based primarily on the clinical associations between it and Graves' hyperthyroidism, and on the frequently beneficial response of the disease to immunosuppressive therapy. Recent advances in molecular biology have led to new insights into the pat...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Bahn RS

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immune system, through a complex interplay of highly specialized cells and a seemingly endless number of soluble mediators, works to ensure protection from the potentially harmful pathogens that we encounter in our lifetime. The development of the immune system is a compromise between the necessity to recognize fo...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Robles DT,Eisenbarth GS

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Raloxifene, the first of the second-generation of SERMs to be widely available, represents a significant improvement over tamoxifen. It prevents postmenopausal bone loss and reduces the incidence of vertebral fractures and of new breast cancer cases in osteoporotic patients without stimulating the endometrium. The sug...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Fontana A,Delmas PD

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity is associated with a spectrum of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, including hypertension. Both the degree and the distribution of excess adipose tissue impact on the risk of hypertension and associated cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms that may lead to hypertension in obese individuals include inc...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Hsueh WA,Buchanan TA

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Serum prolactin is reliably elevated by the antipsychotic drugs. Prolactin levels have been followed in psychotic patients during the use of these drugs as an indicator of underlying pathophysiology or as a reflection of drug activity. Considerable research is underway to elucidate further the potential clinical and r...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Green AI,Brown WA

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article explores many of the ophthalmologic aspects of thyroid-related orbitopathy. The eight main areas of clinical concern--ocular comfort, optic nerve function, exophthalmos, eyelid position, diplopia, cosmesis, soft-tissue signs, and psychologic factors--are discussed so that practitioners may be more secure ...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Gladstone GJ

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T (TR) lymphocytes are essential to the maintenance of immunologic tolerance in the host. The discovery of Foxp3 as a transcription factor essential to the differentiation of TR ushered in detailed studies of the molecular mechanisms of TR cell development, peripheral homeostasis, and effector ...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Chatila TA

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Approximately 70% of patients who form metabolic stones have the idiopathic calcium oxalate urolithiasis syndrome, which is diagnosed by exclusion of other identifiable metabolic abnormalities. This article reviews the classification, risk factors, and treatment options for those patients with this syndrome. ...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Smith LH

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Renal artery stenosis, particularly related to advancing atherosclerotic disease, is a common concern to internists seeing patients with worsening hypertension and deteriorating renal function. Understanding the hormonal and hemodynamic consequences of critical vascular lesions allows better selection of antihypertens...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Textor SC

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both somatostatin analogues, which bind to the somatostatin receptor subtypes 2 and 5, and dopamine agonists, which are specific for the D2 receptor, have been used to treat acromegaly. Each of these classes of drugs contains several compounds that vary in duration of action, efficacy, and side effect profile. Althoug...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Newman CB

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Underwater weighing has been the gold standard for the measurement of body composition in humans; however, the two formulas widely used, the Siri and Bronze, were developed using young adult white males. The development of newer techniques in the past 20 years has greatly expanded the accuracy and ease of measuring bo...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Harsha DW,Bray GA

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thyroid storm represents the extreme manifestation of thyrotoxicosis as a true endocrine emergency. Although Grave's disease is the most common underlying disorder in thyroid storm, there is usually a precipitating event or condition that transform the patient into life-threatening thyrotoxicosis. Treatment of thyroid...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Nayak B,Burman K

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Osmoreceptor sensitivity is enhanced in healthy elderly subjects and AVP secretion is increased, relative to that of younger subjects, when plasma osmolality rises. Increased AVP secretion/unit increase in plasma tonicity reflects a decrease in collecting tubule sensitivity to AVP by an as yet unknown mechanism in the...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Davis PJ,Davis FB

更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:More than 80% of women experience psychologic or physical symptoms in the late reproductive years, with varying degrees of severity and disruption in their lives. Patients and clinicians have misconceptions about what changes are considered "normal" or"abnormal" during this period. Of importance to clinicians, large-s...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Gracia CR,Freeman EW

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article describes the basic skills for the design, implementation, and interpretation of randomized controlled studies. Strengths and limitations of each study design are discussed. Epidemiologic issues in the analysis and interpretation of studies, such as loss to follow-up and biases, are included. Numerous cli...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Salamone LM,Cauley JA

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:P450c17 commands a central role in human steroidogenesis as the qualitative regulator of steroid hormone flux. Consequently, the study of P450c17 deficiencies in human beings serves to illustrate many aspects of the physiology of steroid biosynthesis and to demonstrate salient features of the genetics and biochemistry...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Auchus RJ

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent advances in the genetics of the family of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) enzymes have helped in the understanding of the molecular basis and hormonal phenotype of bona fide 3 beta-HSD deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). This article revisits the clinical spectra of 3 beta-HSD defi...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Pang S

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Skin manifestations associated with diabetes mellitus are common and, with close scrutiny, can occur in most, if not all, patients. Little information is available on what common pathophysiologic thread is responsible for the skin manifestation and diabetes. Although controlled studies are lacking, a recognition of th...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Sibbald RG,Landolt SJ,Toth D

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the past 40 years, meal skipping and snacking in US adults have increased, and currently most eating occasions occur later in the day than previously. Whether these changes have played a causal role in the obesity epidemic is poorly understood. Observational studies are largely inconclusive due to methodological ...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： McCrory MA,Shaw AC,Lee JA

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) is an individual electronic document that collects data regarding a specific athlete that is useful in differentiating between natural physiologic variations of selected biomarkers and deviations caused by artificial manipulations. A subsidiary of the endocrine module of the ABP, ...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Sottas PE,Saugy M,Saudan C

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exercise is an important component of behavioral weight control interventions, and exercise may be most effective for weight control when combined with modifications to energy intake. Clinicians should initially encourage overweight and obese adults to adopt at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Jakicic JM

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Estrogen deficiency at menopause is associated with increased risk of bone loss and osteoporosis. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are increasingly being used for the treatment of postmenopausal hormone-sensitive breast cancer because of better disease-free survival compared with tamoxifen seen in clinical trials with AIs. ...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Mirza FS

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The actions of the vitamin D hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) are mediated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a ligand-activated transcription factor that functions to control gene expression. After ligand activation, the VDR binds directly to specific sequences located near promoters and recruits a ...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Pike JW,Meyer MB

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level currently is used as the major determinant of lipid- and lipoprotein-associated risk for ischemic cardiovascular disease, and varying levels have become the standard goals of lipid-altering treatment. The predictive value of the LDL-C cholesterol level, however, often ...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Lau JF,Smith DA

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00