Abstract：
:Over the past 40 years, meal skipping and snacking in US adults have increased, and currently most eating occasions occur later in the day than previously. Whether these changes have played a causal role in the obesity epidemic is poorly understood. Observational studies are largely inconclusive due to methodological limitations. Experimental evidence does not support a causal role for eating frequency or breakfast skipping in weight control. Emerging evidence suggests that eating irregularity and eating later in the day may be detrimental for weight control, but more studies are needed. This article summarizes studies and highlights areas needing attention.
journal_name
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Amjournal_title
Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North Americaauthors
McCrory MA,Shaw AC,Lee JAdoi
10.1016/j.ecl.2016.04.017subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-09-01 00:00:00pages
689-718issue
3eissn
0889-8529issn
1558-4410pii
S0889-8529(16)30048-2journal_volume
45pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndromes are variable in presentation and can be challenging to diagnose and manage. Diagnosis of the type 1 autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome can be difficult at an early age when often only one manifestation is present, and it may take years for others to appear. Increased awa...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2009.01.007
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two biproducts of the revolution in diagnostic imaging techniques are unintended discoveries, and uncertainty for the patient and the clinician. To address the uncertainty associated with adrenal incidentalomas, clinicians need to understand the definition, differential diagnosis, and options for assessment with respe...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70122-5
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Statins are widely used in secondary and primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. They reduce cardiovascular events and mortality, and have an excellent safety record. Recent case reports suggest a possible association between statins and adverse effects on cognition. This article reviews recent l...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2015.09.007
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pheochromocytomas cause the most dramatic life-threatening crises in all of endocrinology. Pheochromocytoma is an explosive clinical syndrome that may be characterized by either severe hypertension associated with cerebral, cardiac, and renal complications or hypotension, or even shock and sudden death. Other emergenc...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 3243A>G mutation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a genetic variant that is associated with a high risk of developing diabetes during life. Enhanced aging of pancreatic beta-cells, a reduced capacity of these cells to synthesize large amounts of insulin,and a resetting of the ATP/ADP-regulated K-channel seem to be ...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2006.02.014
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Raloxifene, the first of the second-generation of SERMs to be widely available, represents a significant improvement over tamoxifen. It prevents postmenopausal bone loss and reduces the incidence of vertebral fractures and of new breast cancer cases in osteoporotic patients without stimulating the endometrium. The sug...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8529(02)00057-9
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serum prolactin is reliably elevated by the antipsychotic drugs. Prolactin levels have been followed in psychotic patients during the use of these drugs as an indicator of underlying pathophysiology or as a reflection of drug activity. Considerable research is underway to elucidate further the potential clinical and r...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acromegaly is an unusual insidious but potentially serious chronic pituitary disorder. The delay in diagnosis results not only in unique somatic disfigurement but is also associated with significant mental and emotional dysfunction. This article reviews and describes some of these nonclassic and often overlooked featu...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary aldosteronism used to be considered a rare cause of secondary hypertension. However, accruing evidence indicates that primary aldosteronism is more common than previously recognized. The implications of this increased prevalence are important to public health because autonomous aldosterone production contribut...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2019.08.002
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:External irradiation to the thyroid, even at low doses, induces subsequent development of thyroid nodules and carcinomas, with an estimated incidence of five per one million people per year if they have been exposed to 1 rad. Larger doses are associated with hypothyroidism. External irradiation also induces thyroid hy...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endocrinopathies are significant consequences of the treatment of childhood cancers. The risk of developing these adverse events is related to the underlying disease and its treatment with cytotoxic agents and radiation therapy. This article reviews hypothalamic-pituitary, thyroid, and gonadal dysfunction, as well as ...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2005.04.008
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aging in men is associated with a decrease in serum testosterone levels due to attrition in testicular Leydig cells and slowing of the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator. The practicing endocrinologist is frequently consulted for consideration of testosterone therapy in older men with late-onset hypogonadism (LOH), a c...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2013.02.012
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since its discovery, ANF has provided multitudinous opportunities to explore its relationship to various biologic functions. Hundreds of publications investigating various aspects of this newly discovered hormone system have appeared. ANF exhibits a plethora of direct and indirect biologic activities that oppose the h...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Estrogen deficiency at menopause is associated with increased risk of bone loss and osteoporosis. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are increasingly being used for the treatment of postmenopausal hormone-sensitive breast cancer because of better disease-free survival compared with tamoxifen seen in clinical trials with AIs. ...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2011.05.008
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a novel method that assesses skeletal texture from spine dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images. TBS improves fracture-risk prediction beyond that provided by DXA bone mineral density (BMD) and clinical risk factors, and can be incorporated to the Word Health Organization Fracture...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2016.09.005
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Approximately one half of young women who have 46,XX spontaneous premature ovarian failure have ovarian follicles remaining in the ovary. These follicles function intermittently and unpredictably, and pregnancies can occur in these women without intervention, even many years after the diagnosis. Clearly, the term "pre...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8529(03)00043-4
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A wide variety of medications, devices, and surgical interventions are available to patients who have ED. These range from first-line oral agents to second-line therapy with injections or vacuum devices to third-line options, such as penile prosthesis implantation. In this article, we cover available treatments for er...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2007.02.001
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article addresses the role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. The major causes of acquired insulin resistance including aging, pregnancy, lack of physical activity, and obesity are discussed briefly. The role of free fatty acids (FFAs) as a link between obesity and insulin resistance/ty...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70216-4
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Approximately 70% of patients who form metabolic stones have the idiopathic calcium oxalate urolithiasis syndrome, which is diagnosed by exclusion of other identifiable metabolic abnormalities. This article reviews the classification, risk factors, and treatment options for those patients with this syndrome. ...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article summarizes the effects of catecholamines and vasopressin on the cardiovascular system, focusing on their metabolic and immunologic properties. Particular attention is dedicated to the septic shock condition. ...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2006.09.012
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study of genetic syndromes associated with adrenocortical tumors (Beckwith-Wiedemann, Li-Fraumeni, McCune-Albright, Carney, and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1) has shed light on the molecular basis of tumorigenesis. Abnormalities at the 11p15 locus appear as crucial and frequent events found specifically in m...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70112-2
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Physiologic regulation of bone cell function is achieved by the combined actions of some circulating hormones and several locally produced cytokines. Interactions among these agents are important, and the regulated generation of proteolytic activities is likely to play a major role in determining net effects on bone c...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article discusses several unusual forms of primary thyroid neoplasms. The TCV of PTC and insular thyroid carcinoma appears to have a more aggressive clinical behavior than DTC in most patient groups and may respond to thyroid hormone suppression and radioiodine. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, which may develop fro...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70312-1
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the last 2 decades, diabetes technology has emerged as a branch of diabetes management thanks to the advent of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and increased availability of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion systems, or insulin pumps. These tools have progressed from rudimentary instruments to sophisticat...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2019.10.006
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:P450c17 commands a central role in human steroidogenesis as the qualitative regulator of steroid hormone flux. Consequently, the study of P450c17 deficiencies in human beings serves to illustrate many aspects of the physiology of steroid biosynthesis and to demonstrate salient features of the genetics and biochemistry...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8529(08)70021-5
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Historically, systemic therapies for advanced, metastatic thyroid carcinomas have been poorly effective. However, as a result of a confluence of increasing knowledge of the biologic basis for thyroid cancer development and progression, identification of therapeutic agents that could target these biologic abnormalities...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2008.02.005
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Both somatostatin analogues, which bind to the somatostatin receptor subtypes 2 and 5, and dopamine agonists, which are specific for the D2 receptor, have been used to treat acromegaly. Each of these classes of drugs contains several compounds that vary in duration of action, efficacy, and side effect profile. Althoug...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70062-1
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this article, new avenues in the understanding of immunologic processes involved in hypothyroidism have been explored. The discovery of a family of TSH-R directed antibodies, including TSI-block, TGI, and TGI-block, has afforded perspectives on the etiology of autoimmune thyroid disorders. Thus, whereas TSI and TSI...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ambiguity of the external genitalia may be based on disordered steroid biosynthesis or may arise from fundamental genetic and chromosomal abnormalities that produce failure of gonadogenesis. This article first discusses congenital adrenal hyperplasia and then considers the diverse abnormalities that cause disordered g...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article covers considerations in the etiologies and therapy of hypercalcemia. The differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia is discussed, with particular emphasis on primary hyperparathyroidism and the hypercalcemia of malignancy. Clinical features of hypercalcemia are also discussed. Therapy of hypercalcemia is co...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
