Abstract:
:Historically, systemic therapies for advanced, metastatic thyroid carcinomas have been poorly effective. However, as a result of a confluence of increasing knowledge of the biologic basis for thyroid cancer development and progression, identification of therapeutic agents that could target these biologic abnormalities, and enthusiasm for research by both funding agencies as well as patients, multiple clinical trials have been initiated and successfully completed during the past several years. This article focuses on findings from key studies that reflect the new paradigms for treatment.
journal_name
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Amjournal_title
Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North Americaauthors
Sherman SIdoi
10.1016/j.ecl.2008.02.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-06-01 00:00:00pages
511-24, xiissue
2eissn
0889-8529issn
1558-4410pii
S0889-8529(08)00009-1journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Diseases in other organs may impair the male reproductive system. Acute critical conditions such as severe trauma, surgery, myocardial infarction, burns, liver failure, intoxication, or starvation are associated with suppression of gonadotropin secretion and secondary hypogonadism. With chronic illnesses, a primary te...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70043-8
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abstract::With apparent failure of SU drug therapy, the management of NIDDM patients becomes even more challenging. The following sequence of actions is recommended. 1. Situational dietary noncompliance (eg, a prolonged vacation or a recent period of family or occupational stress) should be treated first by renewed regular cont...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Its incidence and mortality rates have increased for patients with advanced-stage papillary thyroid cancer. The characterization of the molecular pathways essential in thyroid cancer initiation and progression has made huge progress, underlining the role of intra...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lifestyle modification is the cornerstone treatment of type 2 diabetes in the obese patient, and is highly effective at promoting glucose regulation. However, many individuals struggle over time to maintain optimal glycemic control and/or body weight with lifestyle modification. Therefore, additional therapeutic appro...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2016.04.007
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Establishing the cause of Cushing's syndrome (CS) is one of the most challenging processes in clinical endocrinology. Biochemical testing, including measurement of plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), high-dose dexamethasone suppression, and corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation testing, is integral to the differe...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2005.01.009
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abstract::This article describes the basic skills for the design, implementation, and interpretation of randomized controlled studies. Strengths and limitations of each study design are discussed. Epidemiologic issues in the analysis and interpretation of studies, such as loss to follow-up and biases, are included. Numerous cli...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70231-0
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonneoplastic and neoplastic proliferative lesions of endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract are detailed. A multistep continuum from hyperplasia, dysplasia to neoplasia is identified for histamine-producing enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells of the gastric corpus. Most gastric neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are s...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2010.08.009
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency can be diagnosed with measurements of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD). Most vitamin D is derived from sunlight (80%), so serum 25OHD levels are lowest in late winter and early spring. Dietary vitamin D in North America is small, about 100 to 200 IU daily. A recent review of the...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2017.07.003
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diuretics and beta-blockers have a strong tendency to affect serum lipids adversely, whereas the peripherally acting alpha-blocking agents consistently result in beneficial effects. Most of the other antihypertensive agents (calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, and drugs that ...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70033-5
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article discusses the evolution of therapy for type I diabetes and considers how physicians should be thinking about the disease in the late 1990s. The biases herein are that management strategy has evolved such that contemporary practice should routinely entail a system of "flexible intensive therapy" directed a...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70272-3
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors provide an extensive and comprehensive review of dyslipoproteinemia in children. An effective program for CVD reduction in this population will include an accessible screening program to identify high-risk children, high-quality measurements of TC and LP-C, careful follow-up of screening results with multi...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interface between thyroid hormone action and neuropsychiatric function is intricate, and several mechanisms of thyroid hormone uptake into brain tissues, hormone activation, and influences on neurotransmitter generation have been identified. Symptoms of hypothyroidism are nonspecific, whereas those attributed to t...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2013.05.005
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndromes are variable in presentation and can be challenging to diagnose and manage. Diagnosis of the type 1 autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome can be difficult at an early age when often only one manifestation is present, and it may take years for others to appear. Increased awa...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2009.01.007
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adrenal disorders may manifest during pregnancy de novo, or before pregnancy undiagnosed or diagnosed and treated. Adrenal disorders may present as hormonal hypofunction or hyperfunction, or with mass effects or other nonendocrine effects. Pregnancy presents special problems in the evaluation of the hypothalamic-pitui...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2011.09.001
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To make a diagnosis of insulinoma, one must consider it. Neuroglycopenic symptoms are the most prominent and convincing, and the combination of hypoglycemia and endogenous hyperinsulinemia are diagnostic of insulinoma. A glucose level of approximately 40 mg/dL with a concomitant insulin level of 6 microU/mL, a C-pepti...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70087-6
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human adult adrenal cortex is composed of the zona glomerulosa (zG), zona fasciculata (zF), and zona reticularis (zR), which are responsible for production of mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and adrenal androgens, respectively. The final completion of cortical zonation in humans does not occur until puberty w...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2015.02.001
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nelson's syndrome (NS) is a condition which may develop in patients with Cushing's disease after bilateral adrenalectomy. Although there is no formal consensus on what defines NS, corticotroph tumor growth and/or gradually increasing ACTH levels are important diagnostic elements. Pathogenesis is unclear and well-estab...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2020.05.004
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adrenal venous sampling is the gold standard test to identify surgically curable primary aldosteronism, but it is markedly underused in clinical practice being perceived as a technically challenging and invasive procedure and, moreover, as difficult to interpret. This review provides updated information on current ind...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2019.08.012
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2015.09.007
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study of genetic syndromes associated with adrenocortical tumors (Beckwith-Wiedemann, Li-Fraumeni, McCune-Albright, Carney, and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1) has shed light on the molecular basis of tumorigenesis. Abnormalities at the 11p15 locus appear as crucial and frequent events found specifically in m...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70112-2
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70300-5
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The regulation of energy balance is enormously complex, with numerous genetic, hormonal, neural/behavioral, and societal influences. Although the current epidemic of obesity has its underpinnings in the changes in culture during the last half century, the role of the neuroendocrine system in the genesis of obesity is ...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70211-5
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare neoplasms found in diverse locations within the body. These tumors are commonly classified by the primary tumor's location, further subclassified by their differentiation, and finally segregated by their ability to hypersecrete peptides or amines. A number of groups have summarize...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2010.08.004
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Physiologic regulation of bone cell function is achieved by the combined actions of some circulating hormones and several locally produced cytokines. Interactions among these agents are important, and the regulated generation of proteolytic activities is likely to play a major role in determining net effects on bone c...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::With modern growth hormone (GH) replacement algorithms, children with a diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency achieve at the end of pediatric GH treatment an adult height that is on the average in the normal range. Recent experience with GH replacement in young adults with childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency, h...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2006.11.002
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::P450c17 commands a central role in human steroidogenesis as the qualitative regulator of steroid hormone flux. Consequently, the study of P450c17 deficiencies in human beings serves to illustrate many aspects of the physiology of steroid biosynthesis and to demonstrate salient features of the genetics and biochemistry...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(08)70021-5
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute hyperkalemia can be a life-threatening consequence of a variety of pathologic, pharmacologic, and iatrogenic disorders. Recognition and prompt therapy often reverse the electrophysiologic complications within minutes. Therefore, physicians must have a thorough understanding of potassium homeostasis. The causes o...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The liver is key to glucose homeostasis. Any disruption of its metabolism, structural integrity, or intracellular dynamics may alter the liver's ability to maintain normal glucose homeostasis. When such disruption affects hepatic glucose output, hypoglycemia may eventuate. Multiple drugs including alcohol may alter th...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::With building pressure for cost-containment of medical expenditures, the medical community is finding it increasingly necessary to justify its procedures and systems of care. The analysis of health care outcomes has been extensively applied to diabetes care as a means of determining the process by which optimal outcom...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70262-0
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00