Selective estrogen receptors modulators in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Abstract:

:Raloxifene, the first of the second-generation of SERMs to be widely available, represents a significant improvement over tamoxifen. It prevents postmenopausal bone loss and reduces the incidence of vertebral fractures and of new breast cancer cases in osteoporotic patients without stimulating the endometrium. The suggestion that raloxifene could have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease in high-risk patients needs to be confirmed in prospective study. Selective estrogen receptors modulators represent a new and promising class of agents for the management of postmenopausal women with a scope that goes far beyond the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. The observations that estrogens may play a role in bone metabolism of men and that SERMs prevent bone loss and induce a decrease in total serum cholesterol without affecting the prostate in orchidectomized male rats raises the possibility that they also may be of interest for the treatment of elderly men.

authors

Fontana A,Delmas PD

doi

10.1016/s0889-8529(02)00057-9

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2003-03-01 00:00:00

pages

219-32

issue

1

eissn

0889-8529

issn

1558-4410

pii

S0889-8529(02)00057-9

journal_volume

32

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer.

    abstract::A small abut important subset of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer will die of disease. Our approach to therapy treats almost all patients similarly, with aggressive surgery and I-131 therapy. Meticulous follow-up should include multiple I-131 diagnostic scans using at least 5 to 10 mCi of I-131 with attenti...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Sweeney DC,Johnston GS

    更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00

  • The cellular and molecular mechanisms of diabetic complications.

    abstract::In this article, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of diabetic complications have been reviewed. Hyperglycemia-induced mechanisms that may induce vascular dysfunction in specific sites of diabetic microvascular damage include increased polyol pathway flux, altered cellular redox state, increased formation of diacy...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70324-8

    authors: King GL,Brownlee M

    更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00

  • Intragenic mutations in thyroid cancer.

    abstract::The close genotype-phenotype relationship that characterizes thyroid oncology stimulated the authors to address this article by using a mixed, genetic and phenotypic approach. As such, this article addresses the following aspects of intragenic mutations in thyroid cancer: thyroid stimulating hormone receptor and guani...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2008.02.004

    authors: Sobrinho-Simões M,Máximo V,Rocha AS,Trovisco V,Castro P,Preto A,Lima J,Soares P

    更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00

  • The science and therapy of glucocorticoid-induced bone loss.

    abstract::Glucocorticoids are critical in the management of chronic, noninfectious, inflammatory diseases. Bone loss is a most devastating side effect of these powerful medications. Glucocorticoids produce bone loss by altering calcium metabolism, suppressing gonadal hormone production, and inhibiting bone formation. Now that t...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70017-7

    authors: Lane NE,Lukert B

    更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00

  • Diabetes Technology Use in Adults with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes.

    abstract::In the last 2 decades, diabetes technology has emerged as a branch of diabetes management thanks to the advent of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and increased availability of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion systems, or insulin pumps. These tools have progressed from rudimentary instruments to sophisticat...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2019.10.006

    authors: Kravarusic J,Aleppo G

    更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00

  • Dietary Vitamin D Intake for the Elderly Population: Update on the Recommended Dietary Allowance for Vitamin D.

    abstract::Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency can be diagnosed with measurements of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD). Most vitamin D is derived from sunlight (80%), so serum 25OHD levels are lowest in late winter and early spring. Dietary vitamin D in North America is small, about 100 to 200 IU daily. A recent review of the...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2017.07.003

    authors: Smith LM,Gallagher JC

    更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00

  • Blood Pressure Control and Cardiovascular/Renal Outcomes.

    abstract::Hypertension is an important and modifiable risk factor for the macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes. Prior literature outlines the significance of lowering blood pressure and subsequent cardiovascular and microvascular benefits. Blood pressure targets of less than 140/90 mm Hg are recommended in ...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2017.10.008

    authors: Dojki FK,Bakris GL

    更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00

  • Prolactin and neuroleptic drugs.

    abstract::Serum prolactin is reliably elevated by the antipsychotic drugs. Prolactin levels have been followed in psychotic patients during the use of these drugs as an indicator of underlying pathophysiology or as a reflection of drug activity. Considerable research is underway to elucidate further the potential clinical and r...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Green AI,Brown WA

    更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00

  • Statins and Cognitive Side Effects: What Cardiologists Need to Know.

    abstract::Statins are widely used in secondary and primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. They reduce cardiovascular events and mortality, and have an excellent safety record. Recent case reports suggest a possible association between statins and adverse effects on cognition. This article reviews recent l...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2015.09.007

    authors: Rojas-Fernandez C,Hudani Z,Bittner V

    更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00

  • Biochemical Testing in Thyroid Disorders.

    abstract::This article summarizes the main principles for the appropriate use of laboratory testing in the diagnosis and management of thyroid disorders, as well as controversies that have arisen in association with some of these biochemical tests. To place a test in perspective, its sensitivity and accuracy should be taken int...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2017.04.002

    authors: Esfandiari NH,Papaleontiou M

    更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00

  • Living with acromegaly.

    abstract::Acromegaly is an unusual insidious but potentially serious chronic pituitary disorder. The delay in diagnosis results not only in unique somatic disfigurement but is also associated with significant mental and emotional dysfunction. This article reviews and describes some of these nonclassic and often overlooked featu...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Ezzat S

    更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00

  • Immunologically mediated hypothyroidism.

    abstract::In this article, new avenues in the understanding of immunologic processes involved in hypothyroidism have been explored. The discovery of a family of TSH-R directed antibodies, including TSI-block, TGI, and TGI-block, has afforded perspectives on the etiology of autoimmune thyroid disorders. Thus, whereas TSI and TSI...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Dussault JH,Rousseau F

    更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00

  • Treatment options for erectile dysfunction.

    abstract::A wide variety of medications, devices, and surgical interventions are available to patients who have ED. These range from first-line oral agents to second-line therapy with injections or vacuum devices to third-line options, such as penile prosthesis implantation. In this article, we cover available treatments for er...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2007.02.001

    authors: Brant WO,Bella AJ,Lue TF

    更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00

  • Unusual types of thyroid neoplasms.

    abstract::This article discusses several unusual forms of primary thyroid neoplasms. The TCV of PTC and insular thyroid carcinoma appears to have a more aggressive clinical behavior than DTC in most patient groups and may respond to thyroid hormone suppression and radioiodine. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, which may develop fro...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70312-1

    authors: Burman KD,Ringel MD,Wartofsky L

    更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00

  • Bone Health and Osteoporosis.

    abstract::Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to decreased bone strength and an increased risk of low-energy fractures. Central dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements are the gold standard for determining bone mineral density. Bone loss is an inevitab...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2015.05.002

    authors: Lupsa BC,Insogna K

    更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00

  • Skin and diabetes.

    abstract::Skin manifestations associated with diabetes mellitus are common and, with close scrutiny, can occur in most, if not all, patients. Little information is available on what common pathophysiologic thread is responsible for the skin manifestation and diabetes. Although controlled studies are lacking, a recognition of th...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70334-0

    authors: Sibbald RG,Landolt SJ,Toth D

    更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00

  • Management of bone disease in patients undergoing hormonal therapy for breast cancer.

    abstract::Estrogen deficiency at menopause is associated with increased risk of bone loss and osteoporosis. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are increasingly being used for the treatment of postmenopausal hormone-sensitive breast cancer because of better disease-free survival compared with tamoxifen seen in clinical trials with AIs. ...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2011.05.008

    authors: Mirza FS

    更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacotherapy for acromegaly: future role for pasireotide?

    abstract::Somatostatin receptor ligands (octreotide and lanreotide) are currently first-line pharmacotherapy for patients with acromegaly in whom surgery fails to control the disease or cannot be considered. The efficacy of a new pan somatostatin receptor ligand, pasireotide, has been investigated as a potential treatment of ac...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2014.10.004

    authors: Ben-Shlomo A

    更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00

  • Structure and biologic properties of the atrial natriuretic peptides.

    abstract::Since its discovery, ANF has provided multitudinous opportunities to explore its relationship to various biologic functions. Hundreds of publications investigating various aspects of this newly discovered hormone system have appeared. ANF exhibits a plethora of direct and indirect biologic activities that oppose the h...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Adams SP

    更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00

  • Energy and Nutrient Timing for Weight Control: Does Timing of Ingestion Matter?

    abstract::Over the past 40 years, meal skipping and snacking in US adults have increased, and currently most eating occasions occur later in the day than previously. Whether these changes have played a causal role in the obesity epidemic is poorly understood. Observational studies are largely inconclusive due to methodological ...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2016.04.017

    authors: McCrory MA,Shaw AC,Lee JA

    更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00

  • Disorders of gonadal differentiation and congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

    abstract::Ambiguity of the external genitalia may be based on disordered steroid biosynthesis or may arise from fundamental genetic and chromosomal abnormalities that produce failure of gonadogenesis. This article first discusses congenital adrenal hyperplasia and then considers the diverse abnormalities that cause disordered g...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: New MI,Josso N

    更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00

  • The role of vitamin D in cancer prevention and treatment.

    abstract::Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)), the hormonally active form of vitamin D, exerts growth inhibitory and prodifferentiating effects on many malignant cells and retards tumor growth in animal models. Calcitriol is being evaluated as an anticancer agent in several human cancers. The mechanisms underlying the antic...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2010.02.011

    authors: Krishnan AV,Trump DL,Johnson CS,Feldman D

    更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00

  • Laboratory tests of thyroid function: uses and limitations.

    abstract::Laboratory tests are the most commonly used aids in the diagnosis and monitoring of individuals who have thyroid disease. This article briefly summarizes the common methods of laboratory testing relating to thyroid disease and discusses specific information for individual tests on methods of analysis, their limitation...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2007.04.003

    authors: Dufour DR

    更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00

  • Nonestrogen management of menopausal symptoms.

    abstract::Women who cannot or choose not to take estrogens do have alternatives; however, the options are few and unproven in longterm clinical trials with respect to safety and efficacy. Many available alternative treatments may alleviate the symptoms of the menopause, but do not convey long-term protection against osteoporosi...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70253-x

    authors: Hendrix SL

    更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00

  • Pheochromocytoma.

    abstract::Pheochromocytomas cause the most dramatic life-threatening crises in all of endocrinology. Pheochromocytoma is an explosive clinical syndrome that may be characterized by either severe hypertension associated with cerebral, cardiac, and renal complications or hypotension, or even shock and sudden death. Other emergenc...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Bravo EL,Gifford RW Jr

    更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00

  • Autoimmunity of diabetes.

    abstract::Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is associated with a growing number of immune abnormalities. At the time of clinical onset, most patients developing the disease as children or young adults have autoantibodies reactive with islet beta cells. Current autoantibody markers for IDDM are not sufficient to predict the di...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Lernmark A,Bärmeier H,Dube S,Hagopian W,Karlsen A,Wassmuth R

    更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00

  • Trabecular Bone Score: A New DXA-Derived Measurement for Fracture Risk Assessment.

    abstract::Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a novel method that assesses skeletal texture from spine dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images. TBS improves fracture-risk prediction beyond that provided by DXA bone mineral density (BMD) and clinical risk factors, and can be incorporated to the Word Health Organization Fracture...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2016.09.005

    authors: Silva BC,Leslie WD

    更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00

  • Genomics in pediatric endocrinology--genetic disorders and new techniques.

    abstract::In the last few years, there have been remarkable advances in the development of new and more sophisticated genetic techniques. These have allowed a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of genetically determined pediatric endocrine disorders and are paving the way for a radical change in diagnosis and trea...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2009.06.001

    authors: Tenore A,Driul D

    更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00

  • Type 2 Diabetes in Pregnancy.

    abstract::Hyperglycemia is common during pregnancy, involving multisystem adaptations. Pregnancy-induced metabolic changes increase insulin resistance. Pregnancy-induced insulin resistance adds to preexisting insulin resistance. Preexisting pancreatic β-cell defect compromises the ability to enhance insulin secretion, leading t...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2019.05.009

    authors: Kapur A,McIntyre HD,Hod M

    更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes and obesity.

    abstract::Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is a major hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and obesity that is characterized by impaired insulin-mediated glucose transport and glycogen synthesis and by increased intramyocellular content of lipid metabolites. Several studies have provided evidence for mitochondrial dy...

    journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2008.06.006

    authors: Højlund K,Mogensen M,Sahlin K,Beck-Nielsen H

    更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00