Abstract：
:Exercise is an important component of behavioral weight control interventions, and exercise may be most effective for weight control when combined with modifications to energy intake. Clinicians should initially encourage overweight and obese adults to adopt at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week (30 min x 5 d/wk), because this level of exercise has been shown to improve health-related outcomes. Higher levels of exercise, however, may be necessary to enhance long-term weight loss and to facilitate weight loss maintenance. It is now recommended that exercise be progressively increased to approximately 300 minutes per week (60 min x 5 d/wk) to optimize the impact of exercise on body weight regulation. Adoption of this high level of exercise may be challenging, however, and therefore clinicians should counsel patients to incorporate intermittent and lifestyle approaches for exercise to maximize adherence. Moreover, devices such as pedometers may facilitate goal-setting and self-monitoring of exercise, and these are critical components of effective behavioral interventions. Incorporation of these recommendations may increase the likelihood of clinicians' prescribing exercise for overweight and obese adults to effectively manage their body weight.
journal_name
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Amjournal_title
Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North Americaauthors
Jakicic JMdoi
10.1016/s0889-8529(03)00075-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-12-01 00:00:00pages
967-80issue
4eissn
0889-8529issn
1558-4410pii
S0889-8529(03)00075-6journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Its incidence and mortality rates have increased for patients with advanced-stage papillary thyroid cancer. The characterization of the molecular pathways essential in thyroid cancer initiation and progression has made huge progress, underlining the role of intra...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2018.10.003
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A small abut important subset of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer will die of disease. Our approach to therapy treats almost all patients similarly, with aggressive surgery and I-131 therapy. Meticulous follow-up should include multiple I-131 diagnostic scans using at least 5 to 10 mCi of I-131 with attenti...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals is incompletely understood and appears to be multifactorial. Proatherogenic changes in blood and tissue lipids are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease among HIV-infected subjects, and these changes ma...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2014.06.003
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The human adult adrenal cortex is composed of the zona glomerulosa (zG), zona fasciculata (zF), and zona reticularis (zR), which are responsible for production of mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and adrenal androgens, respectively. The final completion of cortical zonation in humans does not occur until puberty w...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2015.02.001
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An approach to the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with osteoporosis is described. A system of classification of vertebral fractures is outlined, and the relative merits of different techniques for bone mineral density are discussed. The importance of identifying factors that accelerate bone loss is stressed. The ...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary aldosteronism used to be considered a rare cause of secondary hypertension. However, accruing evidence indicates that primary aldosteronism is more common than previously recognized. The implications of this increased prevalence are important to public health because autonomous aldosterone production contribut...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2019.08.002
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lifestyle modification is the cornerstone treatment of type 2 diabetes in the obese patient, and is highly effective at promoting glucose regulation. However, many individuals struggle over time to maintain optimal glycemic control and/or body weight with lifestyle modification. Therefore, additional therapeutic appro...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2016.04.007
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adrenal disorders may manifest during pregnancy de novo, or before pregnancy undiagnosed or diagnosed and treated. Adrenal disorders may present as hormonal hypofunction or hyperfunction, or with mass effects or other nonendocrine effects. Pregnancy presents special problems in the evaluation of the hypothalamic-pitui...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2011.09.001
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Specific lesions of the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis have been identified in humans, each of which has distinctive auxologic and biochemical features. Measures of circulating IGF-I are useful in diagnosing growth disorders in childhood and in evaluating response to GH therapy. Recombinant ...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2012.04.010
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rates of obesity counseling are low among physicians because of the lack of time and training in this area. In recognition of this challenge, recent national guidelines encourage physicians to refer patients with obesity to intensive, comprehensive lifestyle programs to lose weight. Some commercial weight-loss program...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2020.02.006
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors are not rare. The diagnosis of a patient with hyperprolactinemia and possible tumor should be carried out in an orderly fashion by first excluding secondary causes. If the patient has pathologic hyperprolactinemia, assessment of pituitary anatomy with a high resolution CT scan (or ...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nelson's syndrome (NS) is a condition which may develop in patients with Cushing's disease after bilateral adrenalectomy. Although there is no formal consensus on what defines NS, corticotroph tumor growth and/or gradually increasing ACTH levels are important diagnostic elements. Pathogenesis is unclear and well-estab...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2020.05.004
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article describes the basic skills for the design, implementation, and interpretation of randomized controlled studies. Strengths and limitations of each study design are discussed. Epidemiologic issues in the analysis and interpretation of studies, such as loss to follow-up and biases, are included. Numerous cli...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70231-0
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dyslipidemia now is recognized as a significant potential adverse event in HIV-infected patients who are receiving antiretroviral therapy. HIV-infected persons who have hyperlipidemia should be managed similarly to those without HIV infection in accordance with the National Cholesterol Education Program. Providers mus...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2008.11.009
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:All organisms must adapt to changing nutrient availability, with nutrient surplus promoting glucose metabolism and nutrient deficit promoting alternative fuels (in mammals, mainly free fatty acids). A major function of glucose-sensing neurons in the hypothalamus is to regulate blood glucose. When these neurons sense g...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2012.11.007
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipoproteins are spherical macromolecular complexes in which hydrophobic molecules of triglyceride and cholesteryl ester are enveloped within a monolayer of amphipathic molecules of phospholipids, free cholesterol, and apoproteins. The major lipoprotein classes include intestinally derived chylomicrons that transport ...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70023-2
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the last 2 decades, diabetes technology has emerged as a branch of diabetes management thanks to the advent of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and increased availability of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion systems, or insulin pumps. These tools have progressed from rudimentary instruments to sophisticat...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2019.10.006
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors provide an extensive and comprehensive review of dyslipoproteinemia in children. An effective program for CVD reduction in this population will include an accessible screening program to identify high-risk children, high-quality measurements of TC and LP-C, careful follow-up of screening results with multi...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recent discovery of specific and sensitive biochemical markers reflecting the overall rate of bone formation and bone resorption has markedly improved the noninvasive assessment of bone turnover in various metabolic bone diseases, especially in osteoporosis. The immunoassay of human osteocalcin, recognizing the in...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70007-4
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thyroid storm represents the extreme manifestation of thyrotoxicosis as a true endocrine emergency. Although Grave's disease is the most common underlying disorder in thyroid storm, there is usually a precipitating event or condition that transform the patient into life-threatening thyrotoxicosis. Treatment of thyroid...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2006.09.008
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular disease is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus. In the last 2 decades, great strides have been made in reducing microvascular complications in patients with diabetes through improving glycemic control. Decreasing rates of cardiovascular events have proved to be more difficult than simply intensi...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2013.09.001
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The last 2 decades have seen tremendous growth in understanding the clinical characteristics of various childhood bone disorders, their mechanisms and natural histories, and their responses to treatment. In this review, the authors describe advances in bone assessment techniques for children. In addition, they provide...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2020.07.005
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency can be diagnosed with measurements of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD). Most vitamin D is derived from sunlight (80%), so serum 25OHD levels are lowest in late winter and early spring. Dietary vitamin D in North America is small, about 100 to 200 IU daily. A recent review of the...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2017.07.003
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glucocorticoid-induced bone loss has been recognized for almost 50 years, yet it remains an important medical problem and a common cause of fracturing. Loss of skeletal mass may occur early in the course of glucocorticoid therapy and appears to be related to the cumulative dose of steroid, as well as to the usual risk...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of morphologic and physiologic changes accompany pregnancy such as an increase in lactotrophs and prolactin production, and a decrease in gonadotropins and GH. The hormonal milieu can affect patients with prolactinomas, especially macroadenomas, to cause an increase in size in a minority of patients. Complica...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article summarizes the effects of catecholamines and vasopressin on the cardiovascular system, focusing on their metabolic and immunologic properties. Particular attention is dedicated to the septic shock condition. ...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2006.09.012
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to decreased bone strength and an increased risk of low-energy fractures. Central dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements are the gold standard for determining bone mineral density. Bone loss is an inevitab...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2015.05.002
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypertension is an important and modifiable risk factor for the macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes. Prior literature outlines the significance of lowering blood pressure and subsequent cardiovascular and microvascular benefits. Blood pressure targets of less than 140/90 mm Hg are recommended in ...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2017.10.008
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glucocorticoids mainly act through binding to cytosolic receptors that translocate to the nucleus after ligand binding, and dimerize to affect gene transcription in multiple fashions. The liganded receptors may interact with DNA at specific glucocorticoid responsive-elements, may physically hinder the ability of other...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Laboratory tests are the most commonly used aids in the diagnosis and monitoring of individuals who have thyroid disease. This article briefly summarizes the common methods of laboratory testing relating to thyroid disease and discusses specific information for individual tests on methods of analysis, their limitation...
journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ecl.2007.04.003
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
