Abstract:
:Despite significant improvements in the overall survival of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) over the past 15 years, the disease remains incurable. Treatment options are limited for patients who have relapsed or are refractory to immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), proteasome inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies. In these patients, immunotherapies such as checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic vaccines, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells provide a potentially effective alternative treatment. While checkpoint inhibitors are effective in prolonging overall survival in some patients with advanced solid cancers and Hodgkin lymphoma, they have not demonstrated significant activity as a single agent in MM. In fact the combination of checkpoint inhibitors with IMiDs was recently found to increase the risk of death in myeloma patients. These challenges highlight the need for a better understanding of immune dysregulation in myeloma patients, and the mechanisms of action of- and resistance to- checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we summarize immune dysfunction in patients with MM, and review the preclinical and clinical data regarding checkpoint inhibitors in myeloma. We conclude by proposing strategies to improve the efficacy and safety of checkpoint inhibitors in this population.
journal_name
Cell Immunoljournal_title
Cellular immunologyauthors
Paul B,Kang S,Zheng Z,Kang Ydoi
10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.10.003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-12-01 00:00:00pages
87-98eissn
0008-8749issn
1090-2163pii
S0008-8749(18)30464-7journal_volume
334pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Injection of antigen into the thymus of adult animals induces specific systemic tolerance, but the mechanisms of acquired thymic tolerance are not well understood. To investigate these mechanisms we used a model of intrathymic injection of ovalbumin (OVA) in BALB/c mice. We show an antigen-specific decrease in prolife...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/cimm.1997.1165
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have addressed the differential regulatory properties that IFN-gamma and IL-4 exert on macrophage (M phi) subpopulations. For this purpose, Thyoglicolate-, Peptone-, and Con A-elicited M phi, as well as bone marrow-derived M phi and P388D1 cells, were cultured in the presence of either IFN-gamma or IL-4. The expres...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0008-8749(91)90347-e
更新日期:1991-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Putative monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (mMDSC; lineage-HLA-DR-/lo) were generated in 7-day cultures from normal rhesus macaque bone marrow (BM) cells in GM-CSF and IL-6. Three subsets were identified based on their differential expression of CD14, CD33, CD34 and CD11b. Following flow sorting, assessment o...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.04.013
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The experiments in this manuscript confirm and extend our previous finding that IL4 has minimal enhancing activity on B cell activation stimulated by anti-Ig-dextran conjugates. The absence of significant IL4-mediated enhancement is seen also under conditions which are limiting for optimal B cell proliferation. Thus, ...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0008-8749(90)90275-v
更新日期:1990-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Mitogenic stimulation of sublines of the human histiocytic lymphoma, U937, results in the production of an inhibitor of lymphocyte proliferation (IDS-U937). The relationship of IDS-U937 to alpha- and gamma-interferon was examined by several techniques: (1) the antiviral activity of the IDS preparations was determined,...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0008-8749(84)90390-3
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Injection of the 708-amino-acid (aa) viral protein "large tumor antigen" (T-Ag) of simian virus 40 (SV40) or its N-terminal 272-aa fragment into C57BL/6 (B6) mice (H-2b) primed CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vivo. Surprisingly, injection of this nonstructural viral protein (or its N-terminal fragment) in solubl...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/cimm.1993.1169
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The loss of thymic function with age may be due to diminished numbers of T-cell progenitors and the loss of critical mediators within the thymic microenvironment. To assess the molecular changes associated with this loss, we examined transcriptomes of progressively aging mouse thymi, of different sexes and on caloric-...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2007.03.008
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study we have examined the cellular and molecular specificity of lymphocyte interaction with fibroblasts. Using mitogen-activated T-cells, we found that attachment to fibroblasts was highly sensitive to protease treatment, and to an antibody raised against the purified lymphocyte plasma membrane, but it was no...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0008-8749(89)90146-9
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Idiotypic immunoglobulin, which can be considered to bear tumour-associated antigens in the context of B-cell lymphoma, has been obtained from the splenic A31 tumour, purified, and used to immunise syngeneic mice. On subsequent exposure to a lethal challenge of lymphoma cells, the mice showed no overt tumour developme...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0008-8749(91)90007-x
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has long been believed that mast cells play a crucial role in the development of many physiological changes during immediate allergic responses. This study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammation mechanism of Schizonepeta tenuifolia (ST) extract and ST purified chemicals on the PMA plus A23187-induced stimu...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.05.012
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate a role for T lymphocytes in primary demyelination of central nervous system (CNS) tissue, antigen-specific T cell lines sensitized to myelin-associated and myelin-unrelated antigens were developed from SJL mice and tested on myelinated organotypic cultures of syngeneic spinal cord. Demyelination was ass...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0008-8749(86)90340-0
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mice repeatedly immunized with the methanol extraction residue fraction of tubercle bacilli (MER) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant produced high titers of circulating antibodies against MER, as assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Spleen cells derived from these animals failed to respond to...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0008-8749(85)90021-8
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin 4 (IL-4)-induced IgE production by normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and E- cells (PBMC partially depleted of T cells) was significantly enhanced by leukotriene B4(LTB4) in a dose-dependent manner, whereas LTB4 by itself was not effective for IgE production. The potentiating effect of LTB4 w...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/cimm.1994.1158
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been reported that granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), one of the hemopoietic growth factors which regulates the function of phagocytic cells, is a potent activator of cultured macrophages and induces antimicrobial activities as well as differentiation of precursor cells. In this study, w...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/cimm.1996.1074
更新日期:1997-02-25 00:00:00
abstract::Exogenous nonreplicating antigens (Ag) incorporated into immunostimulating complexes (iscoms) induce CTL responses under MHC class I restriction. A requirement for inducing CTL responses is that the Ag is delivered to the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells (APC), a route restricted to endogenously produced Ag. To inv...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/cimm.1998.1278
更新日期:1998-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::Spleen cells from neonatal mice belonging to strains with the I-J-b or I-J-k genotype, were treated with anti-I-Jb or anti-I-Jk antibody and complement. This reduces their suppressor cell activity as demonstrated by a decrease in the ability to suppress the mixed-lymphocyte reactivity of adult spleen cells. Injection ...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0008-8749(83)90115-6
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The majority of autoimmune diseases have a strong gender bias, affecting mostly females. Gender-specific factors like sex-hormones, the presence or absence of a second X chromosome, and gender-specific gut microbiota may contribute to this bias. In this review we will discuss the role of the X chromosome encoded toll-...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.12.002
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A radioautographic immunolabeling technique has been developed to detect pre-B cells bearing cytoplasmic mu chains among populations of bone marrow lymphoid cells identified by conventional hematologic stains. 125I-Anti-mu antibody was applied either to fixed marrow smears, labeling total mu chains both in the cytopla...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0008-8749(84)90007-8
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism by which purinergic agonists modulate murine T-lymphocyte activation and proliferation was investigated. Adenosine and other compounds such as ATP and 2-chloroadenosine (ClAdo) were found to block T-cell mitogenesis induced by concanavalin A (Con A) in a dose-dependent fashion. The nonmetabolizable adeno...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0008-8749(86)90199-1
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent evidence highlighted the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as key recognition structures of the innate immune system. The activation of TLRs initiates the production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, tissue destructive enzymes, and type I interferons. In addition, TLR signalling plays an important role in...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2005.04.018
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stimulated macrophages are known to inhibit the growth of certain tumor cells. Using mouse peritoneal exudates as a source of macrophages and the mastocytoma cell line P815 as the target, the inhibition was found to depend on direct contact between the macrophages and the growing cells. Cytostatic activities were dete...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0008-8749(86)90395-3
更新日期:1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In previous studies, the murine SaI (A/J derived, KkDd) sarcoma was transfected with the allogeneic MHC class I H-2Kb gene, and expressed high levels of H-2Kb antigen. Contrary to expectations, the tumor cells expressing the alloantigen (SKB3.1M tumor cells) were not rejected by autologous A/J mice. Because these resu...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0008-8749(91)90319-7
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Positive selection of T lymphocytes expressing self. MHC-restricted T cell receptors is mediated by MHC molecules expressed on thymic stroma. Among the more controversial aspects of this process is the relative role of MHC molecules on epithelial versus bone marrow-derived stromal elements (BM-APC). For CD4+ T cells, ...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/cimm.1996.0175
更新日期:1996-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Hen egg white lysozyme (HEL)-specific T cell lines and clones were generated from B6 and BDF1 mice. A variety of clonotypes were found among clones generated at an early stage (1 month) whereas fewer clonotypes were detected after several weeks of culture. Furthermore, a bulk line switched from its initial fine peptid...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/cimm.1994.1088
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::An understanding of the interactions between immune cells and trophoblast cells, as well as choriocarcinoma cells, are of extreme importance in reproductive immunology and cancer immunology. In this study, we found that the human HLA-G-positive choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3 upregulates CD4+CD25hiCD127lo T cells, inc...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.11.008
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental autoimmune thyroiditis is induced in mice by immunization with thyroglobulin emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant. The disease is characterized both by thyroid infiltration with mononuclear cells and by circulating thyroglobulin antibodies. The magnitude of the thyroid infiltration and the titer of th...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0008-8749(87)90302-9
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psychological stress evokes rapid changes to the cardiovascular and neuroendocrine systems, responses that can become habituated following repeated exposure. This study, comprising of two phases, suggests that the immune system follows a similar trend. Phase 1: 15 healthy subjects (aged between 26 and 56years) provide...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2010.02.011
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (CR-EAE) can be adoptively transferred using myelin basic protein (BP)-specific helper T cell lines, and suppressor cells may be important in recovery from EAE. In order to generate suppressor cells, spleen cells obtained from BP-complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0008-8749(90)90322-i
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aging induces a number of changes in the immune system, including the involution of the thymus which results in the loss of thymic hormone production and alteration in T cell function. One age-dependent change in immune response is the increasing risk of developing acute or chronic form of graft-versus-host disease (G...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0008-8749(90)90249-q
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toll-like receptors are a family of pattern-recognition receptors that contribute to the innate immune response. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) signals in response to foreign, endogenous and synthetic ligands including viral dsRNA, bacterial RNA, mitochondrial RNA, endogenous necrotic cell mRNA and the synthetic dsRNA an...
journal_title:Cellular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2007.10.002
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00