Abstract:
:A cluster of Salmonella Paratyphi B variant L(+) tartrate(+) infections with indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns was detected in October 2015. Interviews initially identified nut butters, kale, kombucha, chia seeds and nutrition bars as common exposures. Epidemiologic, environmental and traceback investigations were conducted. Thirteen ill people infected with the outbreak strain were identified in 10 states with illness onset during 18 July-22 November 2015. Eight of 10 (80%) ill people reported eating Brand A raw sprouted nut butters. Brand A conducted a voluntary recall. Raw sprouted nut butters are a novel outbreak vehicle, though contaminated raw nuts, nut butters and sprouted seeds have all caused outbreaks previously. Firms producing raw sprouted products, including nut butters, should consider a kill step to reduce the risk of contamination. People at greater risk for foodborne illness may wish to consider avoiding raw products containing raw sprouted ingredients.
journal_name
Epidemiol Infectjournal_title
Epidemiology and infectionauthors
Heiman Marshall KE,Booth H,Harrang J,Lamba K,Folley A,Ching-Lee M,Hannapel E,Greene V,Classon A,Whitlock L,Shade L,Viazis S,Nguyen T,Neil KPdoi
10.1017/S0950268818002716subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-10-08 00:00:00pages
e20eissn
0950-2688issn
1469-4409pii
S0950268818002716journal_volume
147pub_type
杂志文章,多中心研究abstract::Plague is a re-emerging disease endemic in at least 24 countries. Non-endemic countries should be able to confirm plague to prevent outbreaks due to imported cases. We established a combination of a IgG/IgM screening ELISA and a confirmation immunoblot employing F1 capsular antigen (CA) for the serodiagnosis of plague...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800004647
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map), the cause of ruminant paratuberculosis, has been proposed as the causative agent of Crohn's disease. The objective of this study was to determine whether exposure to clinical cases of bovine paratuberculosis was a risk factor for Crohn's disease. A questionnaire w...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268805004681
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging vector-borne arbovirus with a zoonotic life-cycle whose main reservoir hosts are birds. In humans and horses, WNV infections rarely result in clinical disease but on occasions - depending on factors such as climatic conditions, insect communities and background immunity levels in l...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816000133
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The notification rate of Legionnaires' disease (LD) in France was 2.4/100 000 population in 2010, varying across regions with an increasing rate from west to east. Two sources [mandatory notifications (MN) and a survey of hospital laboratories] were used in a capture-recapture study to estimate the number of LD cases ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268813000502
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The West Midlands was the first English region to report sustained community transmission during the 'containment' phase of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic in England. To describe the epidemiological experience in the region, West Midlands and national datasets containing laboratory-confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09 virus ca...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268813001234
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological evidence suggests that monoclonal antibody type 2 positive (MAB 2+) Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (LP1) more often causes disease than do MAB 2- isolates, and there is evidence that MAB 2- LP1 grow less well in cells than do MAB 2+ bacteria. We tested the intracellular growth rates of ten randomly...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026880005723x
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent polio outbreaks in Syria and Ukraine, and isolation of poliovirus from asymptomatic carriers in Israel have raised concerns that polio might endanger Europe. We devised a model to calculate the time needed to detect the first case should the disease be imported into Europe, taking the effect of vaccine coverage...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816000078
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::During an outbreak of hepatitis A that occurred in Gloucester, UK between September 1989 and January 1991, 162 clinical cases were identified through notifications and laboratory reports, a monthly attack rate of 1.05 per 10,000 residents. The highest attack rate was seen in 5-14-year-olds. There were significant corr...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The WAIFW matrix (Who Acquires Infection From Whom) is a central parameter in modelling the spread of infectious diseases. The calculation of the basic reproductive number (R0) depends on the assumptions made about the transmission within and between age groups through the structure of the WAIFW matrix and different s...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268808000563
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Consumption of poultry meat is considered as one of the main sources of human campylobacteriosis, and there is clearly a need for new surveillance and control measures based on quantitative data on Campylobacter spp. colonization dynamics in broiler chickens. We conducted four experimental infection trials, using four...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268814003239
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study measured the prevalence and the risk factors associated with HCV antibody-positive prisoners. A total of 630 prisoners completed a questionnaire about risk behaviours associated with HCV transmission and were tested for HCV antibody from a blood test. Of these 362 (57.5%) prisoners were HCV antibody positiv...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268803001882
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study reports on the clinical profiles of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) case-patients and the management of acyclovir prescriptions. We designed a study on the causes of encephalitis in France in 2007. Case-patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled in all the hospitals that volunteered to parti...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268811000483
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::CYP2C19 polymorphisms and smoking influence the efficacy of H. pylori eradication therapy, but interaction between the two have hitherto not been examined. A total of 142 H. pylori-positive patients who received triple drug therapy with lansoprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin were categorized into three groups wi...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268806006613
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 3522 samples of serum, collected anonymously from women attending an antenatal clinic, was tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody to hepatitis C. The prevalence of anti-HCV was low; only five confirmed positives were found (0.14%). The prevalence of hepatitis B overall was 0.56%, but was 1.04% ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800068539
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) is becoming increasingly established in Asian hospitals. The primary aim of this study was to decompose the risk factors for HA-MRSA based on conceptual clinical pathways. The secondary aim was to show the amount of effect attributable to antibiot...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268815002733
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since 2002, the burden of norovirus (NoV) infection in Ireland has increased. Outbreaks in institutional settings are the most common causing widespread disruption to health service delivery. This is the first national study of NoV in the Republic of Ireland and its aim was to identify the major NoV strains circulatin...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268806006121
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Large outbreaks of Q fever in The Netherlands have provided a unique opportunity for studying longitudinal serum antibody responses in patients. Results are presented of a cohort of 344 patients with acute symptoms of Q fever with three or more serum samples per patient. In all these serum samples IgM and IgG against ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268812000404
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To analyse sociodemographic, viroimmunological and clinical parameters in different HIV-transmission categories at baseline and during treatment, 3039 patients were followed up for 12 months after the initiation of a nelfinavir-based regimen. Multiple baseline parameters were significantly different in the diverse cat...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268809991282
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty progesterone-treated TO mice were infected intravaginally with Mycoplasma pulmonis. One month later, ten of the mice were given oestradiol which changed the reproductive cycle to the oestrous phase and within a week resulted in eradication of the organisms from six of them; vaginal persistence in the other mice...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800047749
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The possible relationship between the results of a microbiological sampling programme and visual inspections carried out in local food-manufacturing premises was examined. Using five main parameters - overall appearance, personal hygiene, risk of contamination, temperature control, and training and education - a visua...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800030880
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thailand was a hyper-endemic country for dengue with co-circulation of four serotypes and tens of thousands of infected cases annually. Taking into consideration the large number of local dengue virus (DENV) sequences available in GenBank, Thailand was the most ideal locality to study co-evolution of DENV. Therefore, ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268812000908
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Strongyloides stercoralis is rarely recognized as a major public health issue, probably because its burden is largely underestimated. We reviewed the literature (both PubMed and 'grey' literature) about the prevalence of strongyloidiasis in Latin America, an area of presumable high endemicity. There were finally 88 pa...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0950268814001563
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::American Samoa does not have a hepatitis B vaccination policy for healthcare personnel (HCP). Consequently, hepatitis B has remained a health threat to HCP. In this study, we performed a cross-sectional study and examined demographic and risk information and hepatitis B vaccination, testing, and serostatus in hospital...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268813003506
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the incidence of cases of nosocomial pathogens and risk factors in an intensive treatment unit ward to determine if the number of cases is dependent on location of patients and the colonization/infection history of the ward. A clustering approach method was developed to investigate the patterns of spre...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026880999094X
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over 10% of acute rotavirus gastroenteritis (ARGE) requires hospitalization because of complications. The aggravating factors have been widely analysed, but in an isolated way. We aimed to explore the interrelationship between the clinical and epidemiological factors that characterize rotavirus hospitalizations in Spa...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816000881
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a cattle respiratory disease that represents one of the major threats to cattle health and production in sub-Saharan Africa. The transmission contact rate of CBPP plays a key role in the spreading dynamics of the disease. We have developed an approach based on the combinatio...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268804003498
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The depopulation of Pacific islands during the 16th to 19th centuries is a striking example of historical mass mortality due to infectious disease. Pacific Island populations have not been subject to such cataclysmic infectious disease mortality since. Here we explore the processes which could have given rise to this ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816001989
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has previously been suggested that southern Tunisian oases may be suitable areas for the circulation of flaviviruses. In order to anticipate and prevent possible epidemiological spread of flaviviruses in humans and domestic animals, the ecology of their transmission in the oasis system needs to be better understood...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268817001789
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::West Nile virus (WNV) is now endemic in the USA. After the widespread surge of virus activity across the USA, research has flourished, and our knowledge base has significantly expanded over the past 10 years since WNV was first recognized in New York City. This article provides a review of the virology of WNV, history...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268811000185
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The morphology of faecal microflora of nine healthy human volunteers was studied by digital image analysis of microscopic slides. Weekly specimens were collected during an 8-week period. Seven morphometrical parameters were derived: the means and medians of components 1, 2 and 3, and morphometrical entropy. Statistica...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800049025
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00