Abstract:
:The first life forms evolved in a highly reducing environment. This reduced state is still carried by cells today, which makes the concept of "reductive stress" somewhat redundant. When oxygen became abundant on the Earth, due to the evolution of photosynthesis, life forms had to adapt or become extinct. Living organisms did adapt, proliferated and an explosion of new life forms resulted, using reactive oxygen species (ROS) to drive their evolution. Adaptation to oxygen and its reduction intermediates necessitated the simultaneous evolution of select antioxidant defences, carefully regulated to allow ROS to perform their major roles. Clearly this "oxidative stress" did not cause a major problem to the evolution of complex life forms. Why not? Iron and oxygen share a close relationship in aerobic evolution. Iron is used in proteins to transport oxygen, promote electron transfers, and catalyse chemical reactions. In all of these functions, iron is carefully sequestered within proteins and restricted from reacting with ROS, this sequestration being one of our major antioxidant defences. Iron was abundant to life forms before the appearance of oxygen. However, oxygen caused its oxidative precipitation from solution and thereby decreased its bioavailability and thus the risk of iron-dependent oxidative damage. Micro-organisms had to adapt and develop strategies involving siderophores to acquire iron from the environment and eventually their host. This battle for iron between bacteria and animal hosts continues today, and is a much greater daily threat to our survival than "oxidative stress" and "redox stress".
journal_name
Biochem Biophys Res Communjournal_title
Biochemical and biophysical research communicationsauthors
Gutteridge JMC,Halliwell Bdoi
10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.045subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-07-12 00:00:00pages
183-186issue
2eissn
0006-291Xissn
1090-2104pii
S0006-291X(18)31094-5journal_volume
502pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::A method is described for quantitation of charged detergents using their hemolytic property in an electrophoresis assay in agarose gels containing red blood cells. After electrophoresis the zone of hemolysis is directly proportional to the concentration of detergent in the sample. Using this technique we have determin...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-291x(83)90837-9
更新日期:1983-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive intracellular bacterium that was transmitted through contaminated food and causes sepsis and even death. IL-37 has been described as an important anti-inflammatory factor, but little is known about the function of IL-37 in host defense against Liseria monocytogenes (Lm) infect...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.002
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::An infection of any part of female reproductive tract can severely interfere with fertility and reproduction. The fluids and epithelium from the lumen of the female reproductive tract (uterus, oviduct and ovarian follicle) are a known source of antimicrobial action in several species. In this study, we compared the an...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.077
更新日期:2014-01-17 00:00:00
abstract::Our previous study on the dynamic transcriptomes activated during human erythropoiesis suggested that transcription factor forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) possibly plays a role in erythroid differentiation. Functional studies in human cell line TF-1 indicated that FOXO3 knockdown repressed erythropoietin (EPO)-induced erythro...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.128
更新日期:2015-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (RB) is inactivated in a majority of cancers. RB restricts cell proliferation by inhibiting the E2F family of transcription factors. The current model for RB/E2F function describes its role in regulating transcription at gene promoters. Whether the RB or E2F proteins might p...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.04.107
更新日期:2009-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::Exocytosis of secretory granules, including histamine, in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells, which exhibit Ca(2+)-dependent secretion of granules when stimulated with antigen or Ca(2+)-ionophore (A23187), was observed under a video-enhanced light microscope. Exocytotic events of individual granules including fus...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/bbrc.1996.0729
更新日期:1996-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::The expression of mRNA for three isozymes of cytochrome P450, CYP1A1, 1A2 and 3A3, was examined in biopsied samples of colon and rectum from five healthy subjects. Using RT-PCR, it was possible to detect the three CYP mRNA species at both sites in all samples examined. The expression of each CYP mRNA was site-specific...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1668
更新日期:1995-05-16 00:00:00
abstract::Tyrosine-specific phosphorylated proteins found exclusively on the cell surface of human astrocytomas were previously identified with murine monoclonal antibodies, designated as GA-17, GB-4 and GC-3. The purpose of this study was to further characterize the antigens and investigate the relationship between them and c-...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-291x(92)91756-g
更新日期:1992-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::The concept of a glycolytic cancer cell was introduced by Warburg over 70 years ago. This perception has since become the rationale that drives a considerable proportion of basic research on cancer, and it influences the current strategies for the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of cancer. Here we review the data...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.11.136
更新日期:2004-01-16 00:00:00
abstract::A type II DNA topoisomerase has been partially purified from calf thymus mitochondria by a combination of differential centrifugation and column chromatography. The mitochondrial enzyme was inhibited by amsacrine (m-AMSA) slightly at 0.5 microM, significantly at 5.0 microM, and completely at 50 microM. A similar profi...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(05)80239-6
更新日期:1991-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::In AL-amyloidosis the cause of amyloid fibril formation in beta-pleated sheets from the precursor protein immunoglobulin light chain is not established, but studies of AL-proteins indicate that amino acid substitutions are important in the pathogenesis. Amyloid material was extracted from a subcutaneous fat tissue bio...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.8515
更新日期:1998-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is a multifunctional regulatory protein of smooth muscle contraction [IUBMB Life 51 (2001) 337, for review]. The well-established mode for its regulation is to phosphorylate the 20 kDa myosin light chain (MLC 20) to activate myosin ATPase activity. MLCK exhibits myosin-binding activity...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00690-9
更新日期:2003-05-23 00:00:00
abstract::Splenic B cells are induced to proliferate upon culture with antibody having specificity for surface membrane immunoglobulins. Cells treated with pronase, washed and then cultured with antibody, exhibited a greater than 5-fold enhancement of DNA synthesis whereas pronase treatment, per se, was not mitogenic. The prona...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-291x(84)91609-7
更新日期:1984-02-29 00:00:00
abstract::A novel method using an amplifier with a cantilever and gold nanoparticles successfully to extend the length of the target for the specific and high sensitive detection of DNA was reported. When the size of gold nanoparticle is 50 nm, a sensitivity of 10(-15)M for the single base mutation detection has been achieved. ...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00531-x
更新日期:2003-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::The P-type ATPases affected in Menkes and Wilson diseases, ATP7A and ATP7B, respectively, are key copper transporters that regulate copper homeostasis. The N termini of these proteins are critical in regulating their function and activity, and contain six copper-binding motifs MxCxxC. In this study, we describe the id...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.067
更新日期:2006-09-22 00:00:00
abstract::The 55- (H-UK) and 36-kDa forms (L-UK) of human urinary urokinase lost most of esterase activity toward acetyl-glycyl-L-lysine methyl ester upon reductive cleavage of 3 SS bonds with dithiothreitol in the presence of the competitive inhibitor, N alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine amide (BAA), bound to polyacrylyl azide with C16...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-291x(83)91526-7
更新日期:1983-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::Ligands of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors (GDNF)-family are trophic factors for the development and survival of multiple cell types, however their effects on non-neuronal stem cells are unknown. We examined the action of neurturin on a candidate stem cell population isolated from adult skeletal muscl...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.04.104
更新日期:2005-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::Estrogen-Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα) belongs to one of the most important signaling pathways controlling breast tissue development and progression of breast cancer. ERRF was recently identified as a candidate breast cancer associated protein and showed positive association with ERα status in clinical samples and cel...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.132
更新日期:2016-05-27 00:00:00
abstract::A combination of a radiotherapeutic regimen with telomerase inhibition is valuable when tumor cells are to be sensitized to radiation. Here, we describe cell clones unresponsive to radiosensitization after telomere shortening. After extensive division of individual transformed clones of mTERC-/- cells, about 22% of cl...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.09.091
更新日期:2010-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::MicroRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene silencing has recently emerged as a major mechanism of gene expression regulation during development in a variety of species. Little is known, however, about the presence of components of miRNA machinery in mammalian organogenesis. In this study, we report that members of the Argonaute (...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.206
更新日期:2005-08-26 00:00:00
abstract::We previously showed that p21-activated kinase 2 (PAK2), a major PAK isoform expressed in PC12 cells, mediates neurite outgrowth via Rac1 GTPase. RhoGDI1 forms a complex with Rac1, resulting in its inhibition. Rac1 activation requires dissociation from RhoGDI1. Here, we show that PAK2 mediates basic fibroblast growth ...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.12.066
更新日期:2009-02-06 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously reported that endothelin-1 (ET-1) stimulates interleukin-6 (IL-6), a potent bone resorptive agent, through p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and p38 MAP kinase in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of Rho-kinase in the ET-1-stimulated I...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.08.018
更新日期:2007-11-03 00:00:00
abstract::In cultured rabbit vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a potent mitogen for VSMC, induced the dose- and time-dependent formation of inositol mono-, bis- and trisphosphates (IP1, IP2 and IP3, respectively). The doses of PDGF necessary for these reactions were similar to those for...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(88)80921-5
更新日期:1988-10-31 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluates intracellular cAMP concentrations, in interleukin-1 (IL-1) mediated cytostasis of K562 cells. Dibutyryl-cAMP, forskolin, staurosporine and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate were all found to mimic the cytostatic action of IL-1 on K562 cells. IL-1 was found to elicit a dose-dependent rise in adenyl c...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.1085
更新日期:1993-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::Apolipoprotein (apo-) B mRNA editing at nucleotide 6666 converts cytidine to uridine, transforming the codon for glutamine-2153 to a termination codon. To investigate this editing mechanism, [a-32P] and [5-3H] CTP were incorporated into synthetic apo-B RNA. After the substrate had been edited extensively in vitro by a...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.2172
更新日期:1993-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::Intestinal challenge with cholera toxin induces the synthesis of a hormone-like protein which counteracts intestinal hypersecretion. This study shows that the protein also inhibits GABA transport across the plasma membrane of Deiters' cells in rabbits. The inhibitory action of the protein was dose dependent, and 10(3)...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-291x(85)91719-x
更新日期:1985-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Genomic alterations and abnormal expression of the fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene in gastric carcinomas were examined to determine whether the FHIT gene is actually a frequent target for alteration during gastric carcinogenesis. To correlate DNA and RNA lesions of the FHIT gene with the effect on FHIT protein exp...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.5038
更新日期:2001-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Distribution of mRNA expression of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor (VDR) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase (24-OHase) along the microdissected rat nephron segments was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. VDR mRNA was abundantly expressed in cortical segments (glomeru...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.1872
更新日期:1993-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (diC8) activate protein kinase C (PKC) in transformed fetal bovine aortic endothelial GM 7373 cells. Both molecules cause a similar increase in membrane-associated PKC activity and in the phosphorylation of a PKC-specific endogenous 87-kDa subs...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-291x(89)92487-x
更新日期:1989-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::CYP1A1 is largely involved in carcinogenesis through the bioactivation of numerous procarcinogens. Exposure to environmental pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) leads to induction of CYP1A1 via AhR pathway. We have previously demonstrated that fetal bovine serum (FBS) induces CYP1A1 gene transcr...
journal_title:Biochemical and biophysical research communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02177-0
更新日期:2002-09-20 00:00:00