Abstract：
:The rostral nucleus of the solitary tract (rNST) receives gustatory input via chorda tympani (CT) afferents from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and transmits it to higher brain regions. To help understand how the gustatory information is processed at the 1st relay nucleus of the brain stem, we investigated the central connectivity of the CT afferent terminals in the central subdivision of the rat rNST through retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase, immunogold staining for GABA, glycine, and glutamate, and quantitative ultrastructural analysis. Most CT afferents were small myelinated fibers (<5 µm(2) in cross-sectional area) and made simple synaptic arrangements with 1-2 postsynaptic dendrites. It suggests that the gustatory signal is relayed to a specific group of neurons with a small degree of synaptic divergence. The volume of the identified synaptic boutons was positively correlated with their mitochondrial volume and active zone area, and also with the number of their postsynaptic dendrites. One-fourth of the boutons received synapses from GABA-immunopositive presynaptic profiles, 27 % of which were also glycine-immunopositive. These results suggest that the gustatory information mediated by CT afferents to the rNST is processed in a simple and specific manner. They also suggest that the minority of CT afferents are presynaptically modulated by GABA- and/or glycine-mediated mechanism.
journal_name
Brain Struct Functjournal_title
Brain structure & functionauthors
Park SK,Lee DS,Bae JY,Bae YCdoi
10.1007/s00429-014-0959-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-03-01 00:00:00pages
1125-37issue
2eissn
1863-2653issn
1863-2661pii
10.1007/s00429-014-0959-6journal_volume
221pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are highly interconnected telencephalic areas critical for cognitive processes, including associative learning and decision making. Both structures strongly innervate the lateral hypothalamus (LHA), an important component of the networks underlying the control of feedin...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-015-1081-0
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A history of intermittent, limited sucrose intake (LSI) attenuates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis stress response, and neuronal activity in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is necessary for this HPA-dampening. LSI increases the expression of plasticity-associated genes in the BLA; however, the natu...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-017-1454-7
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The descending corticospinal (CS) projection has been considered a key element for motor control, which results from direct and indirect modulation of spinal cord pre-motor interneurons in the intermediate gray matter of the spinal cord, which, in turn, influences motoneurons in the ventral horn. The CS tract (CST) is...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-017-1447-6
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Optokinetic eye movements are crucial for keeping a stable image on the retina during movements of the head. These eye movements can be differentiated into a cortically generated response (optokinetic look nystagmus) and the highly reflexive optokinetic stare nystagmus, which is controlled by circuits in the brainstem...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-017-1461-8
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retinoic acid, the active form of the nutrient vitamin A, regulates several facets of neuronal plasticity in the hippocampus, including neurogenesis and synaptic strength, acting via specific retinoic acid receptors (RARs). Essential for conversion of vitamin A to retinoic acid is the enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenas...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-011-0359-0
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Melatonin, through its different receptors, has pleiotropic functions in mammalian brain. Melatonin is secreted mainly by the pineal gland and exerts its effects via receptor-mediated and non-receptor-mediated actions. With recent advancement in neuroanatomical mapping, we may now understand better the localizations o...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00429-017-1439-6
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Projections from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to the amygdala (AMG) regulate affective behaviors in a manner that is modulated by dopamine (DA). Although PFC and DA inputs overlap within the basolateral nucleus (BLA) and intercalated cell masses (ICMs), the spatial relationship between these afferents has not been inve...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-008-0180-6
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous work in the precocious rodent Octodon degus has shown that exposure to early life stress (ELS) (induced by repeated parental separation) results in changes of excitatory, inhibitory and modulatory transmitter systems in prefrontal and limbic regions of the male brain. The aim of this study was to test the hyp...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-013-0688-2
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The axon initial segment (AIS) is responsible for both the modulation of action potentials and the maintenance of neuronal polarity. Yet, the molecular mechanisms controlling its assembly are incompletely understood. Our study in single electroporated motor neurons in mouse embryos revealed that AnkyrinG (AnkG), the A...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-013-0578-7
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCK) 1 and 2 are attractive drug targets for a range of neurologic disorders; however, a critical barrier to ROCK-based therapeutics is ambiguity over whether there are isoform-specific roles for ROCKs in neuronal structural plasticity. Here, we used a genetics approach to address this...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-018-1748-4
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Children born very preterm (VPT) at less than 32 weeks' gestational age (GA) are prone to disrupted white matter maturation and impaired cognitive development. The aims of the present study were to identify differences in white matter microstructure and connectivity of children born VPT compared to term-born children,...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-018-1614-4
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The insula is a brain structure implicated in disparate cognitive, affective, and regulatory functions, including interoceptive awareness, emotional responses, and empathic processes. While classically considered a limbic region, recent evidence from network analysis suggests a critical role for the insula, particular...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00429-010-0262-0
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sex differences are widespread across vertebrate nervous systems. Such differences are sometimes reflected in the neural substrate via neuroanatomical differences in brain region volume. One brain region that displays sex differences in its associated functions and pathologies is the striatum, including the caudate-pu...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-015-1158-9
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent surges in tissue clearing technology have greatly advanced 3-dimensional (3D) volume imaging. Cleared tissues need to be stained with fluorescence probes for imaging but the current staining methods are too laborious and inefficient for thick 3D samples, which impedes the broad application of clearing technolog...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-020-02160-0
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serotonergic neurons of the raphe nuclei exhibit anatomical, neurochemical and elecrophysiological heterogeneity that likely underpins their specific role in multiple behaviors. However, the precise organization of serotonin (5-HT) neurons to orchestrate 5-HT release patterns throughout the brain is not well understoo...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-015-1142-4
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early-life stress (ELS) exposure has long-term consequences for both brain structure and function and impacts cognitive and emotional behavior. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) plays an important role in anxiety and fear conditioning through its extensive anatomical and functional connections, in particular to the media...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-018-1720-3
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reduction in the amount of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in corticostriatal afferents is thought to contribute to the vulnerability of medium spiny striatal neurons in Huntington's disease. In young Bdnf heterozygous ((+/-)) mice, striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) express less preprodynorphin (PPD), prep...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-010-0282-9
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Ly-6 superfamily of proteins, which affects diverse processes in the immune system, has attracted renewed attention due to the ability of some Ly-6 proteins to bind to and modulate the function of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). However, there is a scarcity of knowledge regarding the distribut...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-013-0611-x
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are Zn(2+)-dependent endopeptidases considered to be essential for normal brain development and neuroplasticity by modulating extracellular matrix proteins, receptors, adhesion molecules, growth factors and cytoskeletal proteins. Specifically, MMP-3 has recently been implicated in syna...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-014-0819-4
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serotonin neurons arise from the brainstem raphe nuclei and send their projections throughout the brain to release 5-HT which acts as a modulator of several neuronal populations. Previous electron microscopy studies in rats have morphologically determined the distribution of 5-HT release sites (boutons) in certain bra...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-016-1278-x
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Selective attention to features of interest facilitates object processing in a cluttered and dynamic environment. Previous research found that distinct networks of regions across cortex are activated depending on the attended feature. These networks typically consist of posterior feature-preferring regions and anterio...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-013-0631-6
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A loss-of-function polymorphism in the α5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit gene has been linked to both drug abuse and schizophrenia. The α5 nAChR subunit is strategically positioned in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), where a loss-of-function in this subunit may contribute to cognitive disruptions in both...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-017-1601-1
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The extensive and increasing use of structural neuroimaging in the neurosciences rests on the assumption of an intimate relationship between structure and function in the human brain. However, few studies have examined the relationship between advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indices of cerebral structure and...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-013-0703-7
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Higher cognitive processes and emotional regulation depend on densely interconnected telencephalic and limbic areas. Central structures of this cortico-limbic network are ventral hippocampus (vHC), medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), basolateral amygdala (BLA) and nucleus accumbens (NAC). Human and animal studies have rev...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-020-02202-7
更新日期：2021-01-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Detailed information about the excitatory and inhibitory synapses on the hypoglossal motoneurons may help understand the neural mechanism for control of the hypoglossal motoneuron excitability and hence the precise and coordinated movements of the tongue during chewing, swallowing and licking. For this, we investigate...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-019-01874-0
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chaining or cascading of different actions and responses is necessary to accomplish a goal. Yet, little is known about the functional neuroanatomical-electrophysiological mechanisms mediating these processes. Computational models suggest that medium spiny neurons (MSNs) play an important role in action cascading, but ...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-013-0649-9
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the embryonic head of vertebrates, neurogenic and non-neurogenic ectodermal placodes arise from the panplacodal primordium. Whether and how growth processes of the ectodermal layer, changes in the transcriptional precursor cell profile, or positional changes among precursor cells contribute to interplacodal boundar...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-012-0429-y
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inputs to apical dendritic tufts have been considered to be crucial for associative learning, attention and similar ''feedback'' interactions and are located in neocortical layer Ia. Excitatory thalamic projections to apical tufts in layer Ia have been well characterized and their role in the cortical circuit has been...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-013-0591-x
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Finding the neuroanatomical correlates of prematurity is vital to understanding which structures are affected, and to designing efficient prevention and treatment strategies. Converging results reveal that thalamic abnormalities are important indicators of prematurity. However, little is known about the localization o...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-014-0921-7
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Almost 30 years ago, the monoclonal antibody Py was developed to detect pyramidal neurons in the CA3 region of the rat hippocampus. The utility of this antibody quickly expanded when several groups discovered that it could be used to identify very specific populations of neurons in the normal, developing, and diseased...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-016-1252-7
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
