Abstract:
PURPOSE:The study aims to analyse overall as well as subgroup-specific outpatient paediatric macrolide use in five European countries, including time trends of macrolide prescription rates, and to provide potential targets for future interventions aiming to promote judicious macrolide use. METHODS:Macrolide prescription rates per 1000 person years to paediatric outpatients (≤18 years) were calculated using healthcare databases from Denmark, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands and the UK. Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate the influence of increasing calendar year on total macrolide and subgroup-specific prescription rates based on monthly data, adjusted for seasonal variations. Time periods for which data were available varied between 4 (Italy 2007-10, Germany 2005-8) and 10 years (UK 2000-9). RESULTS:Paediatric macrolide use in 2008 varied between 199 (Italy) and 47 (Netherlands) prescriptions per 1000 person years. Prescription rates of short-acting macrolides declined significantly in all countries but the UK. The use of intermediate-acting macrolides significantly rose with increasing calendar year in Denmark (rate ratio (RR) = 1.12) and the UK (RR = 1.06), but decreased in Germany (RR = 0.84) and The Netherlands (RR = 0.97). Prescription rates of long-acting agents increased in Denmark (RR = 1.05), The Netherlands (RR = 1.05) and the UK (RR = 1.11) (all trends p < 0.05). The greatest seasonal variations of macrolide use between summer and winter months were observed in Italy and Germany. CONCLUSIONS:The observed trend toward increased prescribing of intermediate- and/or long-acting agents might further increase resistance pressure on bacterial pathogens due to their prolonged plasma half-life and broader antibacterial activity. Marked seasonality of prescription rates in the high-utilising countries, Italy and Germany, suggests frequent prescription of macrolides to treat respiratory infections which may be of viral origin.
journal_name
Eur J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
European journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Holstiege J,Enders D,Schink T,Innocenti F,Oteri A,Bezemer I,Kaguelidou F,Molokhia M,Poluzzi E,Puccini A,Ulrichsen SP,Sturkenboom MC,Trifirò G,Garbe Edoi
10.1007/s00228-015-1870-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-08-01 00:00:00pages
991-9issue
8eissn
0031-6970issn
1432-1041journal_volume
71pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In an open, randomised, cross-over study we investigated the effect of a single 200 mg oral dose of entacapone, a novel catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of levodopa/carbidopa, and on the cardiovascular responses (blood pressure and pulse rate variation to standard s...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00315512
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in venous haemodynamics were studied after administration of a single dose of 3 g Heptaminol Adenosine Phosphate (HAP) to 30 subjects with primary varicose veins. Strain gauge plethysmography was used to observe changes in venous volume and in maximal venous outflow, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after dosing. A significant...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00609421
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to estimate the total healthcare costs associated with elderly chronic pain (CP) patients, define cost-related factors in this population, and examine cost evolution over two years. METHOD:This is an ancillary study from the CP S.AGE subcohort, including non-institutionalized patients aged o...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-015-1871-6
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A four-period, two-panel, single-rising-dose study (0.1-100 mg) was conducted in healthy males to investigate the pharmacodynamics, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of MK-0434, a steroid 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor. MK-0434 was associated with a significant reduction in dihydrotestosterone, which was maximal at 24 h ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00199874
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of the GABAergic drug sodium valproate (SV) on the exercise-induced release of growth hormone (GH) was investigated in 10 healthy males. The exercise test consisted of using a stationary bicycle ergometer at 450 kg/min for 20 min. SV 600 mg blunted the increase in GH induced by the exercise, suggesting GABA...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00544075
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amitriptyline has clinically important interactions with ethanol. Five healthy volunteers received 25 mg of amitriptyline orally, preceded by one hour and followed for eight hours by oral ethanol (or juice), dosed to achieve and maintain blood ethanol concentrations of 800 mg/l. In the presence of ethanol, amitriptyli...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01037943
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of time of drug administration on pharmacokinetics of theophylline was studied both after ingestion of a sustained-release tablet, containing choline theophyllinate ( Zy 15061-S. R.; Teovent ; Sabidal ; ZYMA S.A.) and after intravenous infusion of aminophylline to eight healthy volunteers. Both drugs wer...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00630288
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The biliary excretion of mebendazole has been investigated in two patients to whom it was given for the treatment of echinococcosis, although it was found to be only partly effective. Oral mebendazole was extensively metabolized and the conjugated parent substance and its metabolites were excreted in the bile. One pat...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00544020
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) agents have considerable advances in treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). These drugs carry possible risk of adverse symptoms, and no meta-analysis has examined this issue and the potential duration-response relationship. PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was t...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1007/s00228-015-1877-0
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:LCZ696 (sacubitril/valsartan), an angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor, is indicated for chronic heart failure (HF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for HF. Following oral administration, LCZ696 provides systemic exposure to valsartan and ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-016-2072-7
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) UGT1A9 and UGT2B7 are involved in the metabolism of antimalarial dihydroartemisinin and antiretroviral zidovudine. Our aim was to analyze the prevalence of UGT1A9 (chromosome 2) and UGT2B7 (chromosome 4) nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in West African (...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-006-0206-z
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:In animal studies, it has been shown that verapamil reduces strength and endurance of the diaphragm and inhibits the beneficial effects of theophylline. We examined whether the use of verapamil in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who use theophylline leads to a deterioration o...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002280050005
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of midazolam has been studied in patients recovering from cardiac surgery, who required sedation for postoperative mechanical ventilation. Twelve males (mean age 64.5 years) with severe heart disease received an infusion of midazolam 15 mg.h-1 for 4 h, starting 1 to 3 h post surgery. Multiple bloo...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00558225
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemodynamic changes for 30 min after intravenous administration of molsidomin 4 mg were studied in 10 patients. Pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary wedge pressure, right atrial pressure and aortic pressure decreased significantly after 15 min, and after 30 min they were still below the control level. Heart rate incre...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00716357
更新日期:1978-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of loprazolam have been studied in eight healthy male volunteers after single and repeated 2 mg oral doses taken at night, for eight nights. The absorption and disposition of unchanged drug (HPLC-GC assay) and receptor active benzodiazepine-type materials (radioreceptor assay) were examined after ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00542354
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of lorazepam was examined in 10 male patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus before and following treatment with neomycin and cholestyramine. Neomycin and cholestyramine were given in an attempt to block the enterohepatic circulation of lorazepam and so to permit an in vivo estimate of h...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00198307
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Biotransformation of metoprolol to alpha-hydroxymetoprolol (HM) and O-demethylmetoprolol (ODM) is mediated by CYP2D6. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are known to inhibit CYP2D6. The aim was to study in vitro the potential inhibitory effect of SSRIs on metoprolol biotransformation. METHOD...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002280050456
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:An increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in users of anxiolytic-hypnotic drugs (AHD) has been reported, and use of analgesics may be an additional factor. Therefore, we examined the association of AHD and analgesic use, alone and in combination, with all-cause and ischaemic heart disease (...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00226325
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate the clinical relevance of the Janus Web Application (JWA) in screening for potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs). METHODS:One hundred and fifty patients taking two drugs or more were studied. Potential DDIs were identified by the JWA. Interviewing the patient and looking into his/her medical reco...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-008-0547-x
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A double blind crossover trial of baclofen against placebo in elderly stroke patients was discontinued because the drug produced an unacceptably high level of drowsiness. In a subsequent study baclofen 10 mg was given orally to 12 elderly stroke patients, and drug concentrations measured from a series of plasma sample...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00613463
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new acid thiol, 2-mercaptopropionate, has been identified by GC-MS in urine from cystinuric patients on treatment with 2-mercaptopropionylglycine. The amount excreted was 50-300 mumol/24h and it was correlated with the oral dose of 2-mercaptopropionyl-glycine. The observation may be of clinical importance as the met...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00871000
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficacy and safety of almitrine bismesylate, a new respiratory stimulant, in patients with the hypoxaemic form of chronic respiratory insufficiency caused by chronic bronchitis and emphysema has been assessed. The multicentre trial of 12 weeks duration was double-blind and placebo controlled, with individual and ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00315025
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The linearity of the pharmacokinetics of the metamizol metabolites 4-methyl-amino-antipyrine (4-MAA), 4-amino-antipyrine (4-AA), 4-formyl-aminoantipyrine (4-FAA), and 4-acetyl-amino-antipyrine (4-AcAA) has been studied after administration to 15 healthy male volunteers of single oral doses of 750, 1500, and 3000 mg me...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00314805
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The primary objective was to evaluate the effect of 7 days treatment with nimesulide on bleeding time. Blood coagulation, von Willebrand factor and platelet aggregation ex vivo were investigated as a secondary objective. METHOD:A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, single centre stu...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s002280050479
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To compare 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and 6-thioguanine (6-TG) as substrates for the methylation reaction catalysed by the enzyme thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT). METHODS:TPMT activity in haemolysed red blood cells of healthy blood donors was determined twice, using the same experimental setting and equa...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002280000137
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A comparative pharmacokinetic study was performed with two types of suppository each containing 20 mg piroxicam. The bioavailability of piroxicam was studied in 24 healthy volunteers in a double blind, randomised, cross over study. No significant difference was found in the pharmacokinetic parameters [AUC(0-72 h), AUC...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF02333031
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this investigation was to clarify the stereoselective properties in lansoprazole metabolism by monitoring the metabolic consumption for each enantiomer and the formation of the main metabolites, lansoprazole sulfone and 5-hydroxylansoprazole, in the presence of human liver microsomal enzymes. METH...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002280100374
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dose-response relationship of the new bronchodilator Clenbuterol (NAB 365, Boehringer Ingelheim) was tested in 12 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Clenbuterol is a beta-2-sympathicomimetic, from a series of substituted phenylethanolamines, and it is characterised by good absorption and prolonged act...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00563099
更新日期:1979-04-17 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe trends in opioid consumption in Israel (morphine, methadone, oxycodone, pethidine, fentanyl, buprenorphine, codeine, and dextropropoxyphene) over the 9 years, 2000-2008, and to explore explanations for changes in consumption, in amounts and the pattern. METHODS:Data for the 2000-2008 period (all ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-010-0932-0
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three groups of patients with biliary tract disease treated by cholecystectomy were given ceftriaxone. In Group 1 single doses of 150 mg and 1500 mg were given on Days 1 and 5 after cholecystectomy. In Group 2 2 g was given daily for 6 days and the cholecystectomy was on Day 2. Patients in Group 3 received 2 g every 1...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00607958
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00