Abstract:
:Prevention of heartworm disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis in domestic dogs and cats relies on a single drug class, the macrocyclic lactones (MLs). Recently, it has been demonstrated that ML-resistant D. immitis are circulating in the Mississippi Delta region of the USA, but the prevalence and impact of these resistant parasites remains unknown. We review published studies that demonstrated resistance in D.immitis, along with our current understanding of its mechanisms. Efforts to develop in vitro tests for resistance have not yet yielded a suitable assay, so testing infected animals for microfilariae that persist in the face of ML treatment may be the best current option. Since the vast majority of D. immitis populations continue to be drug-sensitive, protected dogs are likely to be infected with only a few parasites and experience relatively mild disease. In cats, infection with small numbers of worms can cause severe disease and so the clinical consequences of drug resistance may be more severe. Since melarsomine dihydrochloride, the drug used to remove adult worms, is not an ML, the ML-resistance should have no impact on our ability to treat diseased animals. A large refugium of heartworms that are not exposed to drugs exists in unprotected dogs and in wild canids, which may limit the development and spread of resistance alleles.
journal_name
Parasitologyjournal_title
Parasitologyauthors
Wolstenholme AJ,Evans CC,Jimenez PD,Moorhead ARdoi
10.1017/S003118201500061Xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-09-01 00:00:00pages
1249-59issue
10eissn
0031-1820issn
1469-8161pii
S003118201500061Xjournal_volume
142pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
PARASITOLOGY文献大全abstract::A beta-1,3-glucan-binding lectin from the penetration glands of Diplostomum pseudospathaceum cercariae was isolated by affinity chromatography using yeast glucan and curdlan as affinity matrices. Further purification to homogeneity was performed by cation-exchange chromatography. The protein migrated as a double band ...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182003003305
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we describe the molecular analysis of zinc-metalloproteases from the abomasal nematode Ostertagia ostertagi which were exclusively recognized by local antibodies of immune cattle. Full-length or partial coding sequences of 4 different zinc-metalloprotease cDNAs of Ostertagia (met-1, -2, -3 and -4) were ...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182004006274
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Highly purified mitochondrial fractions have been isolated from the intraerythrocytic stages of two mammalian Plasmodium spp., Plasmodium yoelii of rodents and Plasmodium falciparum of man. Mitochondria of the former parasite are cristate whereas those of the latter are essentially acristate. Isolated mitochondria fro...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000060297
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relative importance of temporal and spatial effects was assessed in helminth communities of bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in 3 woodland sites in N.E. Poland in the late summers of 1999 and 2002. Among common species the rank order of sites in relation to prevalence and abundance of infection was maintained between...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182008004484
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an interconnected world, the international pet trade on wild animals is becoming increasingly important. As a consequence, non-native parasite species are introduced, which affect the health of wildlife and contribute to the loss of biodiversity. Because the investigation of parasite diversity within vulnerable hos...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182016002183
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Expansion of human activities frequently results in habitat fragmentation, a phenomenon that has been widely recognized in the last decades as one of the major threats to world's biodiversity. The transformation of a continuous forest into a fragmented area results in a hyper-dynamic landscape with unpredictable conse...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S003118200700323X
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The acanthocephalan parasite, Polymorphus minutus, manipulates its intermediate hosts' (gammarids) behaviour, presumably to facilitate its transmission to the definitive hosts. A fundamental question is whether this capability has evolved to target gammarids in general, or specifically sympatric gammarids. We assessed...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182020002140
更新日期:2020-11-13 00:00:00
abstract::A novel tetrahydroquinolinyl ester, quinfamide, administered orally in multiple doses for 3 days had an ED50 of 0.25 mg/kg/day (total dose 0.75 mg/kg) for eradicating Entamoeba criceti in hamsters in several tests. It was significantly more active by direct comparison than 3 commercially available amoebicides and at l...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000055128
更新日期:1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The diversity and prevalence of malaria parasites of the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus were determined in the globally-threatened Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola. Birds were sampled during migration in Portugal and at the wintering quarters in Senegal and parasites were detected using molecular methods. O...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182015000414
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunological and structural changes in the thymus and pronephros of Cyprinus carpio infected with the blood fluke, Sanguinicola inermis for 30 days, and exposed to 0.5 mg NH4+/1 for 48 and 168 h were investigated. Ultrastructural observations revealed cell disruption and highly vacuolated cytoplasm in the thymus. Of ...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182001007260
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The worldwide economic impact of Neospora caninum infection has caused the development of effective vaccines to become one of the main goals in the field of neosporosis research. In this study, the protection conferred by antigens from inactivated whole tachyzoites (TZ) and a tachyzoite-bradyzoite mixture (TZ-BZ) of N...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182011001156
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the segregation of an intracellular microsporidian parasite during host cell division. A time-course experiment was carried out to examine the distribution of parasites relative to host chromosomal DNA via light and electron microscopy. Fluorescent light microscopy and EM studies showed that the parasi...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182098003540
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Classical and reverse genetics remain invaluable tools for the scientific investigation of model organisms. Genetic analysis of endoparasites is generally difficult because the sexual adults required for crossing and other manipulations are usually hidden within their host. Strongyloides spp. and Parastrongyloides spp...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0031182016000342
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glycans at the surface of adult Schistosoma mansoni were investigated with gold-labelled lectins. The fragile complex of the glycans with the outer membranes could be preserved for electron microscopy by avoiding extensive pre-fixation with aldehydes and by introducing osmium-ferrocyanide as a membrane fixative. Male ...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000081877
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of S. stercoralis infection among 1142 Orang Asli primary schoolchildren in six different states of Peninsular Malaysia. Fecal samples were examined using direct smear, formalin-ether sedimentation (FES), agar plate culture (APC) and PCR tec...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182019000945
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in host phenotype are often attributed to manipulation that enables parasites to complete trophic transmission cycles. We characterized changes in host phenotype in a colonial host–endoparasite system that lacks trophic transmission (the freshwater bryozoan Fredericella sultana and myxozoan parasite Tetracapsu...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182013000899
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Circumstantial evidence suggests that the earlier detachment of Boophilus microplus larvae from highly resistant cattle follows the release of histamine at the attachment site. In vivo and in vitro experiments show that a proportion of the larvae will detach following injection or infusion of histamine. Other mediator...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000000950
更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The taxonomic status of the haemoproteid parasites hitherto described from the avian genus Passer is reviewed. It is concluded that 1 species only is valid Haemoproteus passeris Kruse (1890), all other species being designated as synonyms. From material obtained from Passer domesticus a re-description is given of H. p...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000047077
更新日期:1976-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cysteine proteases of pathogenic protozoan parasites play pivotal roles in the life cycle of parasites, but strict regulation of their activities is also essential for maintenance of parasite physiology and interaction with hosts. In this study, we identified and characterized cryptostatin, a novel inhibitor of cystei...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182012000297
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perkinsus marinus is a protozoan responsible for dramatic mortality in the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, but not in the Pacific oyster, C. gigas. To understand the host-parasite relationship, we inoculated P. marinus trophozoites into the shell cavity of C. gigas and measured, over 2 months, (i) intensity of ...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182002002135
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of authors have demonstrated that the schistosomicidal compound, Praziquantel (Pzq), depends for its action upon the immune status of the host (Sabah et al. 1985; Brindley & Sher, 1987; Doenhoff et al. 1987). We have attempted to define the synergistic interaction between immuno- and chemotherapy further, usi...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000059497
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Taenia cestodes were obtained from 5 different definitive host species in Kenya and 175 different samples were examined by classical morphological methods and by isoenzyme analysis using isoelectric focusing in agarose. Gels were stained for 17 different enzymes and 3 of these were used in the construction of isoenzym...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000058017
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, based on a 48 kDa metallo-proteinase isolated from the frontal glands of a porocephalid pentastomid (Porocephalus crotali) in rat intermediate hosts, is described. SDS-PAGE analysis of whole nymphal homogenate, followed by Western blotting and probing with immune rat serum...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000059849
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various treatments are found to be moderately effective in managing Demodex-related diseases except tea tree oil (TTO) and terpinen-4-ol (T4O), which showed superior miticidal and anti-inflammatory effects in numerous clinical studies. Their possible effects include lowering mite counts, relieving Demodex-related symp...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S003118202000150X
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A double antibody sandwich ELISA technique has been developed for detection of antigens of African trypanosomes present in the sera of infected mammals. The assay uses a high titre, high affinity rabbit antiserum made to purified membranes of procyclic trypanosomes as "capture" reagent and a mixture of three biotin-la...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000057735
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Host-parasite interactions are shaped by the co-evolutionary arms race of parasite virulence, transmission success as well as host resistance and recovery. The virulence and fitness of parasites may depend on host condition, which is mediated, for instance, by host energy constraints. Here, we investigated to what ext...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182010000995
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neospora caninum is an Apicomplexan protozoan that has the dog as a definitive host and cattle (among other animals) as intermediate hosts. It causes encephalopathy in dogs and abortion in cows, with significant loss in worldwide livestock. As any Apicomplexan, the parasite invades the cells using proteins contained i...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182010001290
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene units of Schistosoma mansoni and S. rodhaini, of the lateral spined egg group, have been studied. The schistosome rRNA gene unit consists of a regular interspersion of the two genes encoding the large and small rRNA units with two spacers. The large spacer is not transcribed while the sma...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000059709
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experiments to investigate the metabolism of glycine, L-glutamic acid and L-aspartic acid by Moniliformis moniliformis were carried out by incubating adult worms aerobically for 3 h at 37 degrees C in Tyrode's solution containing either [U-14C]glycine, L-[U-14C]glutamic acid, L-[U-14C]aspartic acid or L-[4-14C]asparti...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000055876
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The multicopy mini-exon-derived RNA (med RNA) locus of Leishmania donovani was enzymatically amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The major 180 bp PCR product contained conserved med RNA gene sequences flanking the variable intergenic spacer from the med RNA gene tandem repeat. The oligonucleotide primers...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000068086
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00