Abstract：
:Human pluripotent stem cells derived from embryos (human Embryonic Stem Cells or hESCs) or generated by direct reprogramming of somatic cells (human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells or hiPSCs) can proliferate almost indefinitely in vitro while maintaining the capacity to differentiate into a broad diversity of cell types. These two properties (self-renewal and pluripotency) confers human pluripotent stem cells a unique interest for clinical applications since they could allow the production of infinite quantities of cells for disease modelling, drug screening and cell based therapy. However, recent studies have clearly established that human pluripotent stem cell lines can display variable capacity to differentiate into specific lineages. Consequently, the development of universal protocols of differentiation which could work efficiently with any human pluripotent cell line is complicated substantially. As a consequence, each protocol needs to be adapted to every cell line thereby limiting large scale applications and precluding personalised therapies. Here, we summarise our knowledge concerning the origin of this variability and describe potential solutions currently available to bypass this major challenge.
journal_name
Curr Opin Genet Devjournal_title
Current opinion in genetics & developmentauthors
Ortmann D,Vallier Ldoi
10.1016/j.gde.2017.07.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-10-01 00:00:00pages
179-185eissn
0959-437Xissn
1879-0380pii
S0959-437X(16)30186-1journal_volume
46pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Natural selection drives evolving populations up the fitness landscape, the projection from nucleotide sequence space to organismal reproductive success. While it has long been appreciated that topographic complexities on fitness landscapes can arise only as a consequence of epistatic interactions between mutations, e...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2013.10.007
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatocytes differentiate from the endoderm during embryonic development. Recent studies show, however, that hepatocytes can also be derived from rare cells that reside in the pancreas, bone marrow, and brain. Indeed, the latest discoveries indicate that embryonic hepatocytes normally arise by diversion of an endoderm...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(00)00234-3
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plant genomes exhibit tremendous diversity in both their size and structure, with genome sizes across land plants ranging over two to three orders of magnitude and significant variation in structural organization was observed across species (EA Kellogg, JL Bennetzen, The evolution of nuclear genome structure in seed p...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2008.11.005
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2008.05.004
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the last decade we have witnessed the convergence of two powerful experimental designs toward a common goal of defining the molecular subtypes that underpin the likelihood of a cancer patient responding to treatment in the clinic. The first of these 'experiments' has been the systematic sequencing of large number...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2013.12.002
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The genomic perspective aids in integrating the analysis of single resistance (R-) genes into a higher order model of complex plant resistance systems. The majority of R-genes encode a class of proteins with nucleotide binding (NB) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains. Several R-proteins act in multi-protein R-comple...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2007.08.014
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cellular phenotypes can critically rely on mono-allelic gene expression. Recent studies suggest that in mammalian cells inter-chromosomal DNA interactions may mediate the decision which allele to activate and which to silence. Here, these findings are discussed in the context of knowledge on gene competition, chromati...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2007.07.009
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human genetic studies have long been vastly Eurocentric, raising a key question about the generalizability of these study findings to other populations. Because humans originated in Africa, these populations retain more genetic diversity, and yet individuals of African descent have been tremendously underrepresented i...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2018.08.005
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Allele-specific gene expression can influence disease traits. Non-coding germline genetic variants that alter regulatory elements can cause allele-specific gene expression and contribute to cancer susceptibility. In tumors, both somatic copy number alterations and somatic single nucleotide variants have been shown to ...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2020.10.007
更新日期：2020-12-28 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2006.12.005
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the past year, significant advances have been made in understanding the functions of the oncoproteins, E6 and E7, of human papillomaviruses that are associated with malignant genital tumors. In addition, important new information is now available on the responses of both the keratinocyte and of the individual f...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(05)80329-6
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Numerous roles have been identified for extracellular signals such as Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs), Transforming Growth Factor-βs (TGFβs), Wingless-Int proteins (WNTs), and Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) in assigning fates to cells during development of the cerebrum. However, several fundamental questions remain largely une...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2013.04.004
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the protein product of the BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene has been implicated in a surprisingly diverse array of biological processes, the molecular mechanism by which BRCA1 loss promotes tumor formation remains unclear. Nonetheless, a pivotal advance has been achieved by recent studies that establish BRCA1 and ...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(01)00269-6
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:RET mutations have been identified as the underlying cause of two congenital diseases that predominately affect tissues of neural crest origin: the MEN 2 cancer syndromes and a proportion of cases of dominantly inherited Hirschsprung disease, a disorder of gut development. This review summarizes the disease-causing mu...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(96)90015-5
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent technological and computational advances in understanding the transcriptional and chromatin features of single cells have begun answering longstanding questions in the extent and impact of biological heterogeneity. Here, we outline the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that underlie the transcriptional and fun...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2015.11.004
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2008.08.003
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:All the aspects of transcription are controlled by complexes that modify or remodel chromatin at the level of individual genes, gene clusters, or whole chromosomes. The MSL complex that is responsible for dosage compensation in Drosophila is an example of complexes that operate at the whole-chromosome level on the tra...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2009.10.004
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery of hundreds of plant micro RNAs (miRNAs) has triggered much speculation about their potential roles in plant development. The search for plant genes involved in miRNA processing has revealed common factors such as DICER, and new molecules, including HEN1. Progress is also being made toward identifying mi...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(03)00081-9
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(00)00197-0
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Life-long neurogenesis is highly restricted to specialized niches in the adult mammalian brain and therefore the brain's capacity for spontaneous regeneration is extremely limited. However, recent work has demonstrated that under certain circumstances parenchymal astrocytes and NG2 glia can generate neuronal progeny. ...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2015.07.004
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past year, interest has focused on identifying signalling molecules--including Wnts, Sonic hedgehog, BMP-4, and noggin--that divert somitic mesodermal cells into the muscle lineage, either by induction or derepression. New mouse mutants have also provided insights into somite formation and differentiation, as...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(97)80011-1
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eukaryotic genomes encode genetic information in their linear sequence, but appropriate expression of their genes requires chromosomes to fold into complex three-dimensional structures. Fueled by a growing collection of sequencing and imaging-based technologies, studies have uncovered a hierarchy of DNA interactions, ...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2020.03.005
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Current dogma holds that genes are the property of individual mammalian cells and partition between daughter cells during cell division. However, and rather unexpectedly, recent research has demonstrated horizontal cell-to-cell transfer of mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA in several mammalian cell culture systems. F...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2016.04.003
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer stem cells and their potential roles in tumor heterogeneity are currently subjects of intense investigation. Studies suggest that these cells may develop from any normal cell and have begun to elucidate their molecular profiles. The percentage of a tumor composed of cancer stem cells varies greatly, and researc...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2008.12.003
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sequences of both of the human sex chromosomes and of a substantial part of the chimpanzee Y chromosome have now been determined, and most of the protein-coding genes have been identified. The X chromosome codes for more than 800 proteins but the Y chromosome for only approximately 60, illustrating their very diff...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2006.04.006
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evolutionary studies suggest that the limbs of vertebrates and the appendages of arthropods do not share a common origin. However, recent genetic studies show new similarities in their developmental programmes. These similarities might be caused by the independent recruitment of homologous genes for similar functions ...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2005.06.007
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:More than 30 incurable neurological and neuromuscular diseases are caused by simple microsatellite expansions consisted of 3-6 nucleotides. These repeats can occur in non-coding regions and often result in a dominantly inherited disease phenotype that is characteristic of a toxic RNA gain-of-function. The expanded RNA...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2017.01.005
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Molecular biological techniques have contributed greatly to the study of vertebrate ocular tissues. The specification of ocular tissues has been shown to be closely related to the expression of transcription factors encoded by genes such as Pax6 and microphthalmia. Lens-specific expression of the delta 1-crystallin ge...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0959-437x(94)90137-r
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microarray technologies enable genome-scale expression measurements. Already proved to be of value for the functional analysis of individual genes and biological processes, the application of expression profiling to disease gene discovery is now growing in importance and practicality. ...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(00)00187-8
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The evolutionary process of divergence, which ultimately leads to the generation of new species, is thought to occur usually without any gene exchange between the diverging populations. However, until the recent growth of multi-locus datasets, and the development of new population genetic methods, it has been very dif...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2006.10.005
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
