Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:To statistically compare and evaluate commonly used methods of estimating reference intervals and to determine which method is best based on characteristics of the distribution of various data sets. DESIGN AND METHODS:Three approaches for estimating reference intervals, i.e. parametric, non-parametric, and robust, were compared with simulated Gaussian and non-Gaussian data. The hierarchy of the performances of each method was examined based on bias and measures of precision. The findings of the simulation study were illustrated through real data sets. RESULTS:In all Gaussian scenarios, the parametric approach provided the least biased and most precise estimates. In non-Gaussian scenarios, no single method provided the least biased and most precise estimates for both limits of a reference interval across all sample sizes, although the non-parametric approach performed the best for most scenarios. The hierarchy of the performances of the three methods was only impacted by sample size and skewness. Differences between reference interval estimates established by the three methods were inflated by variability. CONCLUSIONS:Whenever possible, laboratories should attempt to transform data to a Gaussian distribution and use the parametric approach to obtain the most optimal reference intervals. When this is not possible, laboratories should consider sample size and skewness as factors in their choice of reference interval estimation method. The consequences of false positives or false negatives may also serve as factors in this decision.
journal_name
Clin Biochemjournal_title
Clinical biochemistryauthors
Daly CH,Higgins V,Adeli K,Grey VL,Hamid JSdoi
10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.07.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-12-01 00:00:00pages
1145-1158issue
18eissn
0009-9120issn
1873-2933pii
S0009-9120(17)30375-2journal_volume
50pub_type
杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVE:To confirm that the naproxen metabolite O-desmethylnaproxen interferes with the Jendrassik and Grof method for total bilirubin and was a possible cause of spurious hyperbilirubinemia in a case of naproxen overdose. DESIGN AND METHODS:Plasma was spiked with naproxen or O-desmethylnaproxen before total and dir...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.09.119
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the serum level of fast skeletal troponin I (fsTnl) resulting from skeletal muscle damage, we have developed a sensitive two-site enzyme immunoassay to measure skeletal troponin I. DESIGN AND METHODS:Twelve monoclonal antibodies were raised against human fsTnl. Of these antibodies, 8 were fsTnl-...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0009-9120(96)00016-1
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A study conducted on 228 diabetic patients has shown a significant positive association between serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and triglyceride levels. Both fall with treatment, the most marked reduction occurring in patients on insulin. We suggest that the association between serum GGT and triglyceride lev...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9120(76)80059-8
更新日期：1976-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plasma, erythrocyte, and leucocyte magnesium (Mg) concentration, as well as urinary Mg, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) excretion were determined in male subjects with elevated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) > 90 mmHg. These parameters were compared to those in normotensive age-matched (DBP < 85 mmHg) and drug-treate...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0009-9120(93)90027-4
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of our study was to assess the association of common sequence variants, and selected interactions, with HDL-c plasma levels. DESIGN AND METHODS:We analysed 743 individuals (340 men and 403 women) with high mean triglyceride and LDL-c levels. The association of five polymorphic sites (ABCA1 g.1051G>A...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.04.001
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Although numerous recent studies have focused on analyses of microRNA expression profiles in cancer cells, the expression patterns of the enzymes responsible for the generation of miRNAs remains largely unexplored. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Dicer mRNA expression is altered during p...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.09.014
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Living kidney donors have been part of a successful kidney transplant programme in Norway for almost 50 years. Glomerular filtration rates (GFRs) have tended to remain stable at about 70% of pre-donation levels. Plasma total homocysteine (Hcy) has an inverse relationship to kidney function, and previous repor...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.02.003
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:We emphasize the importance of routine follow-up of subnormal TSH concentrations with QC materials. DESIGN AND METHODS:The functional sensitivity (FS) of the ADVIA Centaur system TSH assay was assessed. We report the values yielded for QC materials in two clinical laboratories. RESULTS:The FS was <0.02 mIU...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.04.017
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To monitor increases or decreases in cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related proteins that will be released from the deposits or plaque on the inner wall of blood vessels. DESIGN AND METHODS:Protein profiles of sera from healthy subjects and CVD patients were determined via 2-DE. Differentially expressed spots...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.09.027
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The solid-phase radioimmunoassay procedures for serum digoxin and cortisol with the Concept-4 were evaluated for specificity, correlation with other radioimmunoassay procedures, parallelism, recovery, carryover, and precision. 1. The detection limits of the digoxin and cortisol assays were 10 pg/tube and 40 pg/tube, r...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9120(79)80136-8
更新日期：1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Presence of residual blood is a common problem in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diagnostics of ventriculitis. We hypothesised that neutrophil granulocytes in infected, blood-containing CSF lose CD62L expression. Therefore CD62L expression on neutrophils may present a complementary marker to distinguish between p...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.07.003
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The bromocresol purple (BCP) albumin method on the DuPont aca was evaluated by determining the accuracy and precision of the method. A split sample comparison was performed against the electroimmunoassay (EIA) method as well as the bromocresol green (BCG) method on the DuPont aca and the Technicon SMA 12/60. The BCP m...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9120(83)90490-3
更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Elevations of serum cardiac troponin T (cTnT) have been described in patients with end stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) although the mechanism is unknown, whether from increased production or decreased clearance. Less is known about cTnT in short term changes in renal function and in lesser degrees of rena...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.05.004
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the column chromatographic determination of Hb A1c, hemoglobin variants affect Hb A1c results and column patterns. Samples from several patients with hemoglobin variants were run on Bio-Rad Hb A1c columns to demonstrate these patterns. Columns should be examined during the run to detect the presence of Hb F which m...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9120(85)80103-x
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of our study was to investigate the serum levels of soluble a-proliferation-inducing ligand (sAPRIL) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), benign intestinal disease and healthy volunteers and explore the potential possibility of sAPRIL severing as a CRC biomarker. METHODS:Our investigation wa...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.06.008
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:In this study we aimed to assess the changes in pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) after the placement of either a drug-eluting-stent (DES) or bare-metal-stent (BMS) in patients with stable coronary artery disease. DESIGN AND METHODS:Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) with either BMS or DES were u...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.10.009
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The availability of reference intervals is essential for physicians to interpret laboratory results. Most of our laboratory reference intervals are derived from data on the foreign population. We have studied the reference intervals of 24 common laboratory biochemical tests in an apparently healthy adult Han...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.06.022
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To characterize the lipid-related atherogenic risk factors in iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) patients. DESIGN AND METHODS:Twenty IDA women were compared to healthy age-matched controls. Lipoprotein profile, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), paraoxonase (PON) 1 and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.10.003
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fluoride is a potent therapeutic agent that increases spinal bone density in osteoporotic subjects. Based on work with animal cells previously, we proposed fluoride acts by inhibiting phosphotyrosyl protein phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.48) activity in bone cells. The presence of fluoride sensitive acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3....
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0009-9120(92)80045-i
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The Golgi SNAP receptor complex member 2 (GOSR2) gene is a Golgi-associated soluble factor attachment receptor (SNARE) protein involved in intra-Golgi protein trafficking on chromosome 17q21, which is the hypertension linkage peak on the human chromosome. The aim of the present study was to assess the associ...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.12.021
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To examine the diagnostic validity of bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) in serum (a marker of bone formation) and of urinary excretion of pyridinium cross-links (PYR) (a marker of bone resorption) for detection of bone metastases. DESIGN AND METHODS:Two heterogeneous immunoassays were employed for determinati...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0009-9120(95)96621-a
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to provide quality control serum in the hypoglycemic range, pooled human serum was treated with yeast. Yeast destroyed about 50% of the serum glucose in about 4 1/2 hrs. The yeast-treated serum remained suitable for quality control of the most commonly analyzed clinical chemistry constituents which showed onl...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9120(80)90562-7
更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The ability of current immunoassays to accurately measure equimolar amounts of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 has been recently questioned. This study determined serum 25(OH)D2, 25(OH)D3 and total serum 25(OH)D concentrations in healthy vitamin D2-supplemented subjects by isotope dilution liquid chromatography mass s...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.05.021
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The present study was designed to (a) evaluate and compare plasma ammonia levels (PAL) in patients with acute liver failure (ALF) and chronic liver disease (CLD) with or without hepatic encephalopathy (HE); (b) correlate the severity of HE with PAL; and (c) correlate PAL with clinical features of raised intr...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2005.04.013
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To analyze a healthy Slovenian population for the frequency of the classical galactosemia allele K285N. DESIGN AND METHODS:DNA was analyzed by means of polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS:The allele frequency of the K285N mutation in Slovenian population is 0.29%...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2006.11.004
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Can biochip arrays identify which individuals with metastatic disease will respond to an anti-metastatic agent? DESIGN AND METHODS:Cytokine and cell adhesion arrays (Randox Ltd) were measured over 1 month in 9 research participants receiving CTCE-9908 in a Phase I/II study. RESULTS:Research participants wit...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.04.008
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to determine the reference values for serum cystatin C (CysC) with a particular focus on the effect of aging. DESIGN AND METHODS:The study was performed on a consecutive series of subjects (258 men and 396 women). Laboratory parameters and a detailed personal and family medical his...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2006.03.017
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Numerous etiologies are implicated in the complications of diabetes. A link between diabetes and the predisposition to certain cancers, including colon cancer, has been established during the last decade. However, the relationship between fecal occult blood test (FOBT), a screening method used principally fo...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.10.005
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine salivary cortisol reference intervals in a healthy adult population, at 6 different time points during a 24-hour (h) period. METHODS:In a prospective study, salivary cortisol concentrations were measured upon waking, one-hour post-waking and at specific times of the day: at 12 h00, 16 h00, 20 h...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.02.012
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ES 300 (Boehringer Mannheim Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) is a new automated immunoassay analyzer intended for the quantitative determination of a wide range of analytes. We compared its performance to enzyme immunoassay (EIA), fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA), and radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods for c...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0009-9120(92)80029-g
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
