Abstract:
:Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) remains one of the most debilitating toxicities associated with cancer treatment. In recent decades, significant strides have been made in our understanding of the pathophysiology of CINV, making way to more effective targeted pharmacotherapies, especially 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor antagonists and neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonists. As much as 70%-80% of CINV can be prevented with appropriate administration of available antiemetics. Nevertheless, fear of CINV still may diminish cancer treatment adherence. To assimilate and summarise the rapidly growing body of clinical research literature on CINV, three professional organisations-the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/European Society for Medical Oncology, the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network-have created CINV management guidelines. While these respective guidelines are developed from similar consensus processes using similar clinical research literature, their results demonstrate several key differences in recommended strategies. This article aims to provide an overview of CINV pathophysiology, compare and contrast three expert guidelines and offer considerations for future clinical and research challenges.
journal_name
Postgrad Med Jjournal_title
Postgraduate medical journalauthors
Tageja N,Groninger Hdoi
10.1136/postgradmedj-2014-132969subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-01 00:00:00pages
34-40issue
1083eissn
0032-5473issn
1469-0756pii
postgradmedj-2014-132969journal_volume
92pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::A patient with disseminated ovarian carcinoma presented with symptoms of hypocalcaemia secondary to hypomagnesaemia. The low serum magnesium (0.4 mmol/l) appeared to be due to renal leakage with no evidence of ureteric obstruction or hydronephrosis on intravenous urogram. Parathyroid hormone activity (serum levels and...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.69.813.583
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prostate cancer is receiving ever more publicity with the result that more men are having their prostate specific antigen checked and a greater proportion of men are diagnosed with potentially curable localised disease. Advances in the therapeutic modalities including radical surgery, external beam radiotherapy, and b...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pmj.79.936.575
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study was undertaken to determine the effects of long-term insulin therapy on the development and regression of lipid perturbations and experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis in rabbits: (1) Insulin administration for 15 days significantly reduced plasma lipid levels and free fatty acids in rabbits fed a high-chol...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.54.628.80
更新日期:1978-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study has been made in rodents of the interactions between a range of psychotropic drugs, narcotic agonist and partial agonist analgesics, and pain. In rodents, tricyclic antidepressants do not alone reduce pain responses but, in combination with morphine or pentazocine, clomipramine enhances analgesic activity afte...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is a newly recognised brain disorder that predominantly affects the cerebral white matter. Oedematous lesions particularly involve the posterior parietal and occipital lobes, and may spread to basal ganglia, brain stem, and cerebellum. This rapidly evolving neurological condition...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pmj.77.903.24
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF THE STUDY:Grit is characterised by the ability to persevere during difficulties and maintain a sustained effort over an extended period of time. Throughout their careers, doctors will experience many periods of stress and difficulty. This may result in burnout, defined by the presence of exhaustion and disen...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133919
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Repeated pneumonia and hypogammaglobulinaemia was associated with long term low dose steroid therapy. Clinical improvement with restoration of antibody levels followed substitution of aerosol for oral therapy. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.61.716.523
更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rhabdomyolysis is a rare but potentially fatal complication of hyperosmolar states. We report a case of severe hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma causing rhabdomyolysis in a young man. Despite very high levels of creatine kinase there was no detectable myoglobinuria. Creatine kinase estimation should be a standard...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.70.819.44
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a case of persistent chorea as a manifestation of thyrotoxicosis. The chorea was severe and persisted after the patient was rendered euthyroid. Dopamine antagonists only partially suppressed the involuntary movements during the first few months. It was eventually controlled with haloperidol, but whenever she...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.64.756.789
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypersensitivity reactions to chemotherapy drugs pose significant difficulties in management, especially when no suitable alternative is available or acceptable and delay in continuation of treatment may be life-threatening. Such reactions may be IgE- or non-IgE-mediated and have varied manifestations. Timely recognit...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2014-132686
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Anaphylaxis is a life threatening reaction where prompt and appropriate management can save lives. Epinephrine (adrenaline) is the treatment of choice; however, the recommended dose and route of administration of epinephrine used in the management of anaphylaxis is different from that used in the management ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.2007.059097
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The majority of second-generation calcium antagonists are dihydropyridines, some of which show vascular selectivity. Several new dihydropyridines have been developed with comparable pharmacodynamic properties to existing calcium antagonists in this class and greatly improved kinetic half-lives. Of these agents, amlodi...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leg ulcer is a leading cause of morbidity among older subjects, especially women in the Western world. About 400 years BC, Hippocrates wrote, "In case of an ulcer, it is not expedient to stand, especially if the ulcer be situated on the leg". Hippocrates himself had a leg ulcer. The best treatment of any leg ulcer dep...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pmj.76.901.674
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A patient with occult pancreatic carcinoma associated with recurrent acute pancreatitis is reported. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography after the first attack was normal, the diagnosis being made at repeat examination 10 months later. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.62.730.765
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer related deaths among women worldwide. The disease in women occurs at a younger age in Iran than in western communities. OBJECTIVE:To determine the practice of breast self examination (BSE) among 25-54-year-old women in Shiraz, southern Iran. METHODS:Using a ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.2008.072678
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged worldwide as a significant and difficult-to-treat source of nosocomial infection, emphasizing the ever-present need for reliable and effective antisepsis. Betadine Solution (10% povidone-iodine; PVP-I) and Betadine Cream (5% povidone-iodine) are broad-spec...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Approximately 366 million people worldwide live with diabetes and this figure is expected to rise. Among the correct diagnosis, there will be errors in the diagnosis, classification and coding, resulting in adverse health and financial implications. AIM:To determine the prevalence and characteristics of d...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2013-132068
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Candida albicans peritonitis developed in a 48-year-old man with a perforated gastric ulcer who subsequently was treated with intravenous amphotericin B. The drug penetrated well into the inflamed peritoneal cavity and eradicated the organism from the peritoneal fluid. Nevertheless, at post-mortem, Candida organisms w...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.54.631.340
更新日期:1978-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fifteen patients who had undergone a 14 inches X 4 inches jejuno-ileal bypass operation for obesity, 3 to 4 years earlier, were investigated by iliac bone biopsy, radiology and routine biochemistry, including 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and parathyroid hormone estimations. Two patients had histological osteomalacia which was...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.59.691.299
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four cases of ileo-caecal tuberculosis in Asian immigrants were seen in a 6-month period at The London Hospital. Although rare in Caucasians, this condition is an important cause of gastrointestinal symptoms in this ethnic group. Definitive diagnosis can frequently be made only by histological examination and culture ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.54.632.410
更新日期:1978-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::About 0.5% of infants are infected in utero with cytomegalovirus (CMV). As many as 20% become mentally retarded and a further substantial proportion suffer lesser degrees of brain damage. The need for a vaccine is greater than in the case of rubella. A live, tissue culture-adapted strain of CMV has been shown to produ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pgmj.53.624.588
更新日期:1977-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review examines the appropriate timing of intervention in acute pancreatitis. In gallstone pancreatitis, it is now clear that cholecystectomy during the primary admission carries no greater risk of complications than delayed cholecystectomy and enables earlier recovery to normal activity. This course of action pr...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pgmj.69.813.509
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The new UK Foundation Programme is competency based, with a trainee's progression dependent on achieving and demonstrating a range of competencies. However, we do not know whether all rotations, comprising different combinations of specialties, will enable the foundation programme trainees to acquire these competencie...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.2006.045419
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cough is one of the commonest symptoms of lung disease and is a frequent problem encountered in general practice as well as in hospital practice. A wide range of disease processes may present with cough and definitive treatment depends on making an accurate diagnosis of the cause. A diagnostic work-up for patients wit...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pgmj.72.852.594
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical and biochemical data obtained from 163 patients who had taken an overdose of paracetamol were examined to determine which factors or measurements were of value in predicting the severity of ensuing liver damage early after ingestion of tablets. Although the overall severity of hepatic necrosis was found to in...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.53.619.243
更新日期:1977-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mathematical techniques are well suited to analysis of growth data. In the past there has been much emphasis on the mathematical description of shape and changes of shape as exemplified by the allometric equation. More recently these methods have been less popular and shape analysis has been handled largely by modern ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A previously fit man developed psittacosis with marked cerebellar symptoms and signs. He was febrile but not confused, and he responded rapidly to treatment with erythromycin. Even if respiratory symptoms are minimal, psittacosis and other atypical pneumonias should be considered in any patient presenting with fever a...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.64.751.382
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute bacterial meningitis is a common neurological emergency and a leading cause of death and neurological disability worldwide. Diagnosis is based on clinical and microbiological findings with neuroimaging in the form of CT reserved for those with specific adverse clinical features or when an underlying cause such a...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pgmj.2010.097022
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of eosinophilic leukaemia in association with chromosomal abnormalities including a double Philadelphia chromosome is reported. Comment is also made on the cardiological problems which arise in this condition. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.56.654.268
更新日期:1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The introduction of spiral technology to computed tomography (CT) scanners in the late 1980s has revolutionised the field of CT. Spiral CT offers definite practical benefits over conventional scanners and has expanded the role of CT through the development of new scanning techniques. CT scanning now rivals magnetic re...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pgmj.74.868.96
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00