Orbital inflammation: Biopsy first.

abstract：:Two short visual field tests were performed on 106 subjects approximately 5 minutes apart with or without a hand vibration stimulus between the field tests. There were 31 eyes in the control group (10 without glaucoma, eight glaucoma suspects, 10 with primary open-angle glaucoma, and three with secondary open-angle gl...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Chai E,Goldberg I,Chia A,Chen J

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Botulinum toxin has become the initial treatment of choice for the management of essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm and other craniocervical dystonias. Numerous studies have confirmed a 90% to 95% response rate. Although a number of common side effects have been reported, the occurrence and incidence of rare lo...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Dutton JJ

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Laser photocoagulation treatment of the posterior pole of the retina is often complicated by immediate visual impairment, which is caused by the unavoidable laser-induced destruction of the normal tissue adjacent to the lesion. A neuroprotective therapy aimed at salvaging this normal tissue might enhance the ...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Solberg Y,Dubinski G,Tchirkov M,Belkin M,Rosner M

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Topically administered ophthalmic medications are capable of attaining clinically important serum concentrations, as evidenced by the variety of systemic side effects they can produce. These drugs are therefore also capable of interacting with other drugs administered orally and intravenously. This is especially impor...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Gerber SL,Cantor LB,Brater DC

更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Jules Gonin's former student presents a personal and historical biography of the Swiss ophthalmologist, who, between 1902 and 1921, explored and illustrated the many unknown aspects of retinal detachment, defined its pathogenesis, and developed the method of reattachment by ignipuncture and thermocautery. ...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Rumpf J

更新日期：1976-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The need of blood flow to different organs varies rapidly over time which is why there is sophisticated local regulation of blood flow. The term dysregulation simply means that blood flow is not properly adapted to this need. Dysregulative mechanisms can lead to an over- or underperfusion. A steady overperfusion may b...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Grieshaber MC,Mozaffarieh M,Flammer J

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 55-year-old woman presented with an eight-year history of progressive gait dysfunction and a 2-3 week history of horizontal diplopia. Examination of the patient revealed acute papilledema, intermittent esotropia, and upper and lower motor neuron findings in her lower extremities. CT scan of the head showed communica...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Breen LA

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cortical blindness is an uncommon, but dramatic, complication of preeclampsia. We present a case in which diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging played a critical role in determining the etiology of the cortical blindness and its subsequent management. ...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Gregory DG,Pelak VS,Bennett JL

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is important to equip future ophthalmic surgeons with appropriate surgical skills without compromising patient care. The ExPRESS implant surgery is very similar to trabeculectomy surgery in both efficacy and technique, but is less traumatic and may be prone to less postoperative hypotony and require less postoperat...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Freidl KB,Moster MR

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The clinical syndrome of divergence paralysis has been described since the mid 19th century. Speculation still surrounds the possible existence of an anatomical center for divergence function. Our report explores this possibility and describes the magnetic resonance images of a patient with a unilateral 6th nerve pals...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Stern RM,Tomsak RL

更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Congenital corneal anesthesia is a rare clinical entity that poses a diagnostic dilemma, particularly in the pediatric age group. The sensory deficit may be confined to the cornea, or extend to other divisions of the trigeminal nerve. The sensory deficit may occur as an isolated abnormality, as part of a complex neuro...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Ramaesh K,Stokes J,Henry E,Dutton GN,Dhillon B

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The possible applications of biofeedback to the treatment of ophthalmologic disorders is reviewed. Studies have suggested utility in the management of blepharospasms, strabismus, nystagmus, and other eye movement disorders as well as the training of voluntary control of accommodation. Limitations of the current litera...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Rotberg MH

更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Wavefront sensors and scanning laser technology are enabling the correction of the aberrations of the eye. The effects of aberrations on visual performance are reviewed, and the theoretical limit of visual performance is predicted to understand the ultimate endpoint of these new technologies. A schematic eye model tha...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Schwiegerling J

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A macular hole is a full-thickness defect of retinal tissue involving the anatomic fovea, thereby affecting central visual acuity. Macular holes have been associated with myriad ocular conditions and originally were described in the setting of trauma. The pathogenesis of idiopathic, age-related macular holes remains u...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Ho AC,Guyer DR,Fine SL

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutamatergic excitotoxicity has been implicated as a mechanism for injury in a variety of central nervous system pathologies, including glaucoma. Memantine, an NMDA-type glutamatergic open-channel blocker, has pharmacologic properties that make its efficacy greater under excitotoxic conditions, but lesser under norma...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Hare W,WoldeMussie E,Lai R,Ton H,Ruiz G,Feldmann B,Wijono M,Chun T,Wheeler L

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To diagnose the cause of chronic unilateral external ocular inflammation, the physician must take into account many factors usually not considered in bilateral cases. We report on the diagnosis and treatment of ten unilateral cases encompassing a variety of ocular and systemic problems. The purpose of this report is t...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Lamberts DW,Foster CS

更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heavy eye syndrome is an important type of myopia-induced strabismus. We provide an overview of heavy eye syndrome, from its history to its most salient features. The theory of the orbital and rectus muscle pulley system as it relates to heavy eye syndrome and the prevailing theories on the pathophysiology of heavy ey...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Hennein L,Robbins SL

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The published evidence that instilled drugs can affect the blood supply to the retina and optic nerve head in humans is examined. As a background, seven techniques that have been used to measure flow are briefly described and criticized. For timolol, the corresponding measurements, obtained by a number of investigator...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Maurice DM

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glaucoma, primarily a disease of the older population, may affect women of childbearing age. Pregnancy affects the intraocular pressure (IOP) of women with pre-existing glaucoma. Both elevations and reductions of IOP have been reported during pregnancy. Additionally, visual field test results may fluctuate during preg...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Razeghinejad MR,Tania Tai TY,Fudemberg SJ,Katz LJ

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sarcoidosis is an uncommon cause of childhood uveitis. However, the ophthalmologist familiar with the clinical features of childhood sarcoidosis can play a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. Two subsets of pediatric sarcoidosis are identified. The 8-15 year age group has almost universal lung in...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Hoover DL,Khan JA,Giangiacomo J

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Through the efforts of Dr. Townley Paton, eye banks were founded in New York in the early 1940s. Since that time there has been steady growth in both the supply of and demand for donor material. A number of factors have contributed to the success of eye banks in the U.S.A., including improvements in eye banking techni...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Farge EJ

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a new, noninvasive imaging technique that generates real-time volumetric data on chorioretinal vasculature and its flow pattern. With the advent of high-speed optical coherence tomography, established enface chorioretinal segmentation, and efficient algorithms, OCTA g...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Sambhav K,Grover S,Chalam KV

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autosomal dominant optic atrophy is an inherited optic neuropathy manifesting with variable penetrance and expressivity. Other genetic and environmental factors are postulated to contribute to more marked visual loss in some affected individuals. Optic neuropathy is also a known adverse effect of ethambutol therapy fo...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Pradhan M,Sharp D,Best S,Vincent A,Vaphiades M

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The court decisions included in this article reflect judicial attitudes towards medicolegal cases in most states. The courts have defined and amplified issues of informed consent, the physician's duty to warn patients and protect third parties, the limitations of the "Good Samaritan" statute, the responsibility of the...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Bettman JW,Tennenhouse DJ

更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sphingolipids are a ubiquitous membrane lipid present in every cell and found most abundantly in neural tissues. Disorders such as Tay-Sachs or Niemann-Pick disease are the most familiar examples of dysfunction in sphingolipid metabolism and are typically associated with neurodegeneration and ocular findings such as b...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Chen H,Chan AY,Stone DU,Mandal NA

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An analytical review of the data available in the field of phakic intraocular lens implantation was conducted. Particular attention was paid to the more critical issues of intraocular lens sizing and safety guidelines. A comprehensive, competitive analysis of different implantation sites, intraocular lens model design...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Lovisolo CF,Reinstein DZ

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ocular surface squamous neoplasia presents as a spectrum from simple dysplasia to carcinoma in situ to invasive squamous cell carcinoma involving the conjunctiva as well as the cornea. It is a distinct clinical entity, although it has been known by a variety of different names throughout the literature. Most commonly ...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Lee GA,Hirst LW

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cystic macular lesions frequently contribute to impaired visual acuity in hereditary retinal dystrophies. Their pathogenesis varies and is not entirely understood. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors have proven to be potentially efficacious, although not in all cases. We discuss the various factors and mechanisms implicate...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Salvatore S,Fishman GA,Genead MA

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent literature suggests that the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis is variable and may be on the rise. This article reviews established perioperative preventative measures, and discusses some possible causes of postoperative endophthalmitis that may be insufficiently addressed by current risk reduction tec...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Olson RJ

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Drugs across many pharmacologic classes induce corneal epithelial changes. Many of these drugs have cationic amphiphilic structures, with a hydrophobic ring and hydrophilic cationic amine side chain that allow them to cross cell membranes. These drugs lead to intracellular phospholipid accumulation, often manifested i...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Raizman MB,Hamrah P,Holland EJ,Kim T,Mah FS,Rapuano CJ,Ulrich RG

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00