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Preventive and therapeutic moderate aerobic exercise programs convert atherosclerotic plaques into a more stable phenotype.

Abstract：

UNLABELLED:The mechanisms by which exercise affects atherosclerotic plaque stability remain incompletely understood. We evaluated the effects of two training protocols on both atherosclerotic plaque structure and the signaling pathways involved in plaque rupture. METHODS:Male low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor knockout mice were fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFD). One group was subjected to moderate exercise using a treadmill for 14weeks (preventive protocol). The other group started an exercise regimen after 16weeks of the HFD (therapeutic group). Atherosclerotic plaques within the aorta were evaluated for lipid and collagen contents, as well as for inflammatory markers. Plasma cholesterol and cytokine levels were also determined. RESULTS:The mice receiving a HFD developed hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic plaques within the aorta. The aortas from the animals in the preventive protocol exhibited smaller lipid cores and higher collagen content. These animals also exhibited lower CD40 expression within the plaques. The aortas of the mice in the therapeutic group exhibited higher collagen content, but no differences in either lipid core size or plaque size were noted. No differences in blood pressure, plasma cholesterol, cytokine levels, plaque size or metalloproteinase 9 expression were observed in the trained animals compared with the sedentary animals. CONCLUSION:Moderate aerobic exercise modified atherosclerotic plaque characteristics and converted the plaques into a more stable phenotype, increasing the collagen content in response to both exercise programs. Furthermore, moderate aerobic exercise reduced the animals' fat content and decreased the activity of the CD40-CD40L signaling pathway in the preventive group.

journal_name

Life Sci

journal_title

Life sciences

authors

Cardinot TM,Lima TM,Moretti AI,Koike MK,Nunes VS,Cazita PM,Krieger MH,Brum PC,Souza HP

doi

10.1016/j.lfs.2016.04.007

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-05-15 00:00:00

pages

163-70

eissn

0024-3205

issn

1879-0631

pii

S0024-3205(16)30227-2

journal_volume

153

pub_type

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Preventive and therapeutic moderate aerobic exercise programs convert atherosclerotic plaques into a more stable phenotype.