Abstract：
AIMS:The aims of the study were to quantify aflatoxins, the potent carcinogens associated with stunting and immune suppression, in maize and groundnut across Zambia's three agroecologies and to determine the vulnerability to aflatoxin increases after purchase. METHODS AND RESULTS:Aflatoxin concentrations were determined for 334 maize and groundnut samples from 27 districts using lateral-flow immunochromatography. Seventeen per cent of crops from markets contained aflatoxin concentrations above allowable levels in Zambia (10 μg kg-1 ). Proportions of crops unsafe for human consumption differed significantly (P < 0·001) among agroecologies with more contamination (38%) in the warmest (Agroecology I) and the least (8%) in cool, wet Agroecology III. Aflatoxin in groundnut (39 μg kg-1 ) and maize (16 μg kg-1 ) differed (P = 0·032). Poor storage (31°C, 100% RH, 1 week) increased aflatoxin in safe crops by over 1000-fold in both maize and groundnut. The L morphotype of Aspergillus flavus was negatively correlated with postharvest increases in groundnut. CONCLUSIONS:Aflatoxins are common in Zambia's food staples with proportions of unsafe crops dependent on agroecology. Fungal community structure influences contamination suggesting Zambia would benefit from biocontrol with atoxigenic A. flavus. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY:Aflatoxin contamination across the three agroecologies of Zambia is detailed and the case for aflatoxin management with atoxigenic biocontrol agents provided. The first method for evaluating the potential for aflatoxin increase after purchase is presented.
journal_name
J Appl Microbioljournal_title
Journal of applied microbiologyauthors
Kachapulula PW,Akello J,Bandyopadhyay R,Cotty PJdoi
10.1111/jam.13448subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-06-01 00:00:00pages
1471-1482issue
6eissn
1364-5072issn
1365-2672journal_volume
122pub_type
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