Emotion and false memory: The context-content paradox.

Abstract:

:False memories are influenced by a variety of factors, but emotion is a variable of special significance, for theoretical and practical reasons. Interestingly, emotion's effects on false memory depend on whether it is embedded in the content of to-be-remembered events or in our moods, where mood is an aspect of the context in which events are encoded. We sketch the theoretical basis for this content-context dissociation and then review accumulated evidence that content and context effects are indeed different. Paradoxically, we find that in experiments on spontaneous and implanted false memories, negatively valenced content foments distortion, but negatively valenced moods protect against it. In addition, correlational data show that enduring negative natural moods (e.g., depression) foment false memory. Current opponent-process models of false memory, such as fuzzy-trace theory, are able to explain the content-context dissociation: Variations in emotional content primarily affect memory for the gist of events, whereas variations in emotional context primarily affect memory for events' exact verbatim form. Important questions remain about how these effects are modulated by variations in memory tests and in arousal. Promising methods of tackling those questions are outlined, especially designs that separate the gist and verbatim influences of emotion. (PsycINFO Database Record

journal_name

Psychol Bull

journal_title

Psychological bulletin

authors

Bookbinder SH,Brainerd CJ

doi

10.1037/bul0000077

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-12-01 00:00:00

pages

1315-1351

issue

12

eissn

0033-2909

issn

1939-1455

pii

2016-49573-001

journal_volume

142

pub_type

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