Abstract:
:This report describes linezolid susceptibility testing results for 6,741 Gram-positive pathogens from 60 U.S. sites collected during 2015 for the LEADER Program. In addition, the report summarizes linezolid in vitro activity, resistance mechanisms, and molecular typing obtained for 2011 to 2015. During 2015, linezolid showed potent activity in testing against Staphylococcus aureus, inhibiting >99.9% of 3,031 isolates at ≤2 µg/ml. Similarly, linezolid showed coverage against 99.2% of coagulase-negative staphylococci, 99.7% of enterococci, and 100.0% of Streptococcus pneumoniae, virdans group, and beta-hemolytic streptococcus isolates tested. The overall linezolid resistance rate remained a modest <1% from 2011 to 2015. Staphylococci, especially Staphylococcus epidermidis, showed a range of linezolid resistance mechanisms. Increased annual trends for the presence of cfr among Staphylococcus aureus isolates were not observed, but 64.3% (9/14) of the isolates with decreased susceptibility (MIC, ≥4 µg/ml) to linezolid carried this transferrable gene (2011 to 2015). The cfr gene was detected in 21.9% (7/32) of linezolid-resistant staphylococci other than S. aureus from 2011 to 2015. The optrA gene was noted in half (2/4) of the population of linezolid-nonsusceptible Enterococcus faecalis isolates from 2011 to 2015, while linezolid-nonsusceptible Enterococcus faecium isolates showed alterations predominantly (16/16) in the 23S rRNA gene (G2576T). This report confirms a long record of linezolid activity against Gram-positive isolates in the United States since regulatory approval in 2000 and reports the oxazolidinones evolving resistance mechanisms.
journal_name
Antimicrob Agents Chemotherjournal_title
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapyauthors
Pfaller MA,Mendes RE,Streit JM,Hogan PA,Flamm RKdoi
10.1128/AAC.00609-17subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-06-27 00:00:00issue
7eissn
0066-4804issn
1098-6596pii
AAC.00609-17journal_volume
61pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A novel algorithm designed for the screening of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), based on faropenem and temocillin disks, was compared to that of the Committee of the Antibiogram of the French Society of Microbiology (CA-SFM), which is based on ticarcillin-clavulanate, imipenem, and temocillin disks. ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00796-17
更新日期:2017-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::Viomycin-resistant strains isolated from Mycobacterium smegmatis demonstrated pleiotropic resistance to tuberactinomycin-N, capreomycin, streptomycin, and kanamycin as a result of mutational alteration of ribosomes, even though they were selected for resistance to a single antibiotic. The pleiotropic drug resistance o...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.6.1.46
更新日期:1974-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The CcrA beta-lactamase from Bacteroides fragilis TAL3636 was cloned into Escherichia coli and purified from inclusion bodies. This group 3 metalloenzyme hydrolyzed most beta-lactam antibiotics, including cephamycins and carbapenems. Following inhibition by chelators, enzyme activity was recovered with the cations Zn2...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.36.5.1155
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a global health problem affecting ∼75% of women at least once in their lifetime. Here we examined the epidemiology of VVC in a patient cohort to identify the causative organisms associated with VVC. Biofilm-forming capacity and antifungal sensitivity profiles were also assessed. We re...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01065-17
更新日期:2017-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::The yeast Candida albicans is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen and the cause of superficial and systemic infections in immunocompromised patients. The classes of antifungal agents most commonly used to treat Candida infections are the azoles, polyenes, and echinocandins. In the present study, we identified chang...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00756-09
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the in vitro susceptibilities of three reference strains and 41 recent clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 to 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine. This thymidine analog exerts a type 2-preferential but not a type 2-specific antiviral effect. Utilizing a microtiter assay with BHK-21 cells, we found ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.23.5.637
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro activity of MDL 62,879, a new peptide antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis through an interaction with elongation factor Tu, against a wide range of recent clinical isolates of common aerobic gram-positive and anaerobic organisms was determined. MDL 62,879 was highly active against staphylococci (MI...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.37.4.746
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the correlation of mutations in the pyrazinamidase (PZase) gene (pncA) with the pyrazinamide (PZA) resistance phenotype with 60 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. PZase activity was determined by the method of Wayne (L. G. Wayne, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 109:147-151, 1974), and the entire pncA nucleotide se...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.44.9.2291-2295.2000
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::T-8581 is a new water-soluble triazole antifungal agent. The geometric mean IC80s (GM-IC80S; where the IC80 is the lowest drug concentration which reduced the optical density at 630 nm by 80% compared with the optical density at 630 nm of the drug-free control) for Candida albicans were as follows: T-8581, 0.218 micro...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.41.1.30
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::How HIV-1 resistant to small-molecule CCR5 antagonists uses the coreceptor for entry has been studied in a limited number of isolates. We characterized dependence on the N terminus (NT) and the second extracellular loop (ECL2) of CCR5 of three vicriviroc (VCV)-resistant clinical isolates broadly cross-resistant to oth...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.06061-11
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2 is the major PBP of five that have been identified in susceptible strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Beta-lactam antibiotic binding to PBP 2 is important for the antibacterial effect. Antibiotic binding to PBP 2 in strain 209P was examined with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide ge...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.36.3.656
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The outer membrane permeability to meropenem and imipenem in Escherichia coli K-12 was investigated, and its porin-deficient mutants were transformed with a constructed vector carrying the carbapenem-hydrolyzing CphA metallo-beta-lactamase gene. By using the method of Zimmermann and Rosselet, meropenem was shown to pe...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.36.9.1902
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Susceptibilities of 121 clinical Helicobacter pylori strains to metronidazole were determined by both a 5-micrograms metronidazole disk diffusion test and a plate dilution method in duplicate and after different periods of incubation. The distribution of MICs of metronidazole against H. pylori among the strains was fo...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.38.10.2357
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Due to the widespread resistance of bacteria to the available drugs, the discovery of new classes of antibiotics is urgently needed, and naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered promising candidates for future therapeutic use. Amphibian skin is one of the richest sources of such AMPs. In the pr...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00796-07
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parallel administration of the proton pump inhibitor (PPI) esomeprazole has been shown to decrease oral bioavailability of posaconazole in healthy volunteers. We prospectively analyzed serum samples (n = 59) obtained from hematology patients (n = 27) under posaconazole prophylaxis. Patients treated concomitantly with ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00150-10
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clostridioides difficile causes severe antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis. C. difficile is an anaerobic, Gram-positive sporeformer that is highly resistant to β-lactams, the most commonly prescribed antibiotics. The resistance of C. difficile to β-lactam antibiotics allows the pathogen to replicate and cause d...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01496-19
更新日期:2019-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::The P450 enzyme, CYP3A4, extensively metabolizes both amprenavir and clarithromycin. To determine if an interaction exists when these two drugs are coadministered, the pharmacokinetics of amprenavir and clarithromycin were investigated in healthy adult male volunteers. This was a Phase I, open-label, randomized, balan...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1128/aac.44.4.978-984.2000
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined 741 urinary tract isolates of the Morganella-Proteus-Providencia group, including the recently defined species Proteus penneri, for susceptibilities to aminoglycosides, semisynthetic penicillins, and cephalosporins. The data emphasize the importance of identification to the species level on the basis of ma...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.31.10.1644
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antagonism, determined by isobolograms constructed from data from combinations of ampicillin and chloramphenicol at or below the minimal inhibitory or bactericidal concentrations, was observed against 13 clinical isolates of meningococcus and against one isolate of pneumococcus. Synergy occurred against six strains of...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.15.2.240
更新日期:1979-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monotherapy with isoniazid or amikacin or clarithromycin or combinations of two of these drugs showed nil to modest therapeutic activity in beige mice infected with Mycobacterium avium. However, the combination of all three, isoniazid-amikacin-clarithromycin, markedly reduced CFUs in both spleens and lungs after 91 da...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.42.3.712
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A few international pneumococcal clones dominate the population of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci. Despite the scientific paradigm that a loss in fitness is the price for acquisition of resistance, these clones spread successfully. One hundred fifty-four isolates from adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00250-11
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors, zanamivir (Relenza) and oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu), have been licensed for the treatment of and prophylaxis against influenza. In this paper, the new potent NA inhibitor R-125489 is reported for the first time. R-125489 inhibited the NA activities of various type A and B influen...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00333-08
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this open-label, fixed-sequence study was to investigate the potential of the botanical supplement Echinacea purpurea to interact with etravirine, a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor of HIV. Fifteen HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy with etravirine (400 mg once daily) for at...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01205-12
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::[14C]aztreonam was administered intramuscularly (50 mg/kg) to male and female rats. Groups of 10 rats (five male and five female) were sacrificed at 0.25, 2, 6, and 24 h after dosing. Blood and various tissues were removed from six rats (three male and three female) in each group for determination of total radioactivi...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.26.2.127
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium 180, a clinical isolate from England, was studied. Resistance to vancomycin was transferable by conjugation to other enterococci. Expression of resistance was inducible and coincided with the appearance of a new membrane protein. ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.33.7.1121
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ex vivo assay systems provide a powerful approach to studying human malaria parasite biology and to testing antimalarials. For rodent malaria parasites, short-term in vitro culture and ex vivo antimalarial susceptibility assays are relatively cumbersome, relying on in vivo passage for synchronization, since ring-stage...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01292-16
更新日期:2016-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::The opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, known for its intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance, has a notorious ability to form biofilms, which often facilitate chronic infections. The evolutionary paths to antibiotic resistance have mainly been investigated in planktonic cultures and are ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00320-18
更新日期:2018-07-27 00:00:00
abstract::The nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor UC781 is under development as a potential microbicide to prevent sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Two gel formulations of UC781 (0.1% and 1.0%) were evaluated in a range of preclinical safety assessments, including systemic absorption...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00984-06
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of novobiocin to eliminate (cure) the wild-type plasmid pMG110 from Escherichia coli has been compared with that of other inhibitors of the gyrase B subunit and of the gyrase A subunit. Novobiocin eliminated pMG110 , producing over 99% plasmid loss at concentrations two- to eightfold below the MIC for bact...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.25.5.586
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::(-)-Beta-D-1',3'-Dioxolane guanosine (DXG) and 2,6-diaminopurine (DAPD) dioxolanyl nucleoside analogues have been reported to be potent inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We have recently conducted experiments to more fully characterize their in vitro anti-HIV-1 profiles. Antiviral assays perfo...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.43.10.2376
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00