Abstract:
:P2Y12 receptor inhibition in addition to aspirin is the cornerstone of treatment in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Despite advances in contemporary antithrombotic therapy, periprocedural thrombotic complications such as myocardial infarction and stent thrombosis remain a major concern in patients treated with PCI. Current practice guidelines recommend treatment with a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor as early as possible in patients with ACS. Existing oral P2Y12 receptors inhibitors (clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor) have several limitations such as delayed onset and offset of action, interindividual variation, and only oral availability. Cangrelor, an intravenous, fast-onset, direct-acting P2Y12 receptor inhibitor offers potent platelet inhibition that is rapidly reversible. In large randomized trials, cangrelor has shown substantial reduction in ischemic events with no increase in severe bleeding compared with clopidogrel among patients undergoing PCI. Cangrelor is approved as an adjunct to PCI to reduce the risk of periprocedural MI, repeat coronary revascularization, and stent thrombosis in patients who have not been pretreated with a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor and are not receiving a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor. This review aims at providing a comprehensive analysis of the current evidence pertaining to the role of cangrelor in contemporary practice.
journal_name
Pharmacol Therjournal_title
Pharmacology & therapeuticsauthors
Qamar A,Bhatt DLdoi
10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.01.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-03-01 00:00:00pages
102-9eissn
0163-7258issn
1879-016Xpii
S0163-7258(16)00005-Xjournal_volume
159pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Evidence has accumulated indicating that the interaction between NO and the autonomic nervous system plays an important role in cardiovascular regulation, not only in experimental animals, but also in humans. NO interacts with the autonomic nervous system both at the central level and peripherally. In this review, we ...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.11.009
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the commonest cause of progressive neurological disability amongst young, Caucasian adults. MS is considered to be an auto-immune disease that results from an attack against myelin, the layer which surrounds axons. The pathophysiology of MS is complex, with both demyelination and axonal dege...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.006
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Organic anion transporters (OATs), which belong to the superfamily SLC22A, are key determinants in the absorption, distribution, and excretion of a diverse array of environmental toxins, and clinically important drugs, and, therefore, are critical for the survival of mammalian species. Alteration in the function of th...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.08.002
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The past three decades have witnessed a welcome expansion of the therapeutic armamentarium for the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, against this backdrop, there have been some notable disappointments in drug development. Here we use these as case studies to emphasize the importance of info...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.04.012
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews uses of metabolic suicide genes in gene therapy. Suicide genes encode novel nonmammalian enzymes that can convert a relatively nontoxic prodrug into a highly toxic agent. Cells genetically transduced to express such genes essentially commit metabolic suicide in the presence of the appropriate prod...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0163-7258(94)90046-9
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The class of chemicals known as the "organophosphates" (OPs) comprises many of the most common agricultural and commercial pesticides that are used worldwide as well as the highly toxic chemical warfare agents. The mechanism of the acute toxicity of OPs in both target and non-target organisms is primarily attributed t...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.03.001
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aromatic amine 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) produced neoplasms in diverse target organs of many animal species. AAF was DNA-reactive after N-hydroxylation by CYP1A2 in the liver and nitrenium ion formation at the target site. In mouse bladder, AAF-DNA adducts were proportional to dose. An epigenetic component for t...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 共识发展会议,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0163-7258(96)00063-0
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synaptic inhibition plays a key role in regulating neuronal excitability and information processing in the brain. The strength of synaptic inhibition is therefore an important determinant of both cellular and network activity levels in the central nervous system (CNS). gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptor...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.03.012
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association between vitamin D and multiple sclerosis has (re)-opened new interest in nutrition and natural compounds in the prevention and treatment of this neuroinflammatory disease. The dietary amount and type of fat, probiotics and biologicals, salmon proteoglycans, phytoestrogens and protease inhibitor of soy,...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.015
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a progressive, fatal disease. Current treatments including prostanoids, endothelin-1 (ET-1) antagonists, and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, have sought to address the pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction and vasoconstriction associated with the condition. These treatments ...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.10.002
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The science of Tourette Syndrome (TS) is advancing at multiple levels of analysis and will be enhanced through the use of animal models. Particular challenges in the development of TS animal models reflect complex features of this disorder, including its waxing and waning course and its "invisible" sensory and psychic...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.05.003
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enzymes of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) superfamily contribute to the elimination of drugs from almost all therapeutic classes. Awareness of the importance of glucuronidation as a drug clearance mechanism along with increased knowledge of the enzymology of drug and chemical metabolism has stimulated interest ...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107689
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental and clinical studies suggest that the central and peripheral benzodiazepine (BDZ) receptors together with their ligands form the molecular basis of a novel regulatory network that contributes to the effects of anxiety on immune status. The peripheral-type receptors located on phagocytes and glial cells ap...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0163-7258(97)00055-7
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertension is an epidemic health concern and a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Although there are available treatment strategies for hypertension, numerous hypertensive patients do not have their clinical symptoms under control and it is imperative that new avenues to treat or preven...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.02.005
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication of cardiac surgery that occurs in up to 60% of patients. POAF is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality, stroke and other arrhythmias that can impact on early and long term clinical outcomes and health economics. Many factors such as...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.06.009
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer promotion, development, and malignant transformation is greatly influenced by cell-to-cell interactions in a complex tissue microenvironment. Cancer and stromal cells secrete soluble factors, as well as deport membrane-encapsulated structures, which actively contribute and mediate cell-to-cell interaction withi...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107806
更新日期:2021-01-16 00:00:00
abstract::KIT is a receptor tyrosine kinase that after binding to its ligand stem cell factor activates signaling cascades linked to biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration and cell survival. Based on studies performed on SCF and/or KIT mutant animals that presented anemia, sterility, and/or pigme...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.12.008
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primaquine is the only antimalarial drug available to clinicians for the treatment of relapsing forms of malaria. Primaquine development and usage dates back to the 1940s and has been administered to millions of individuals to treat and eliminate malaria infections. Primaquine therapy is not without disadvantages, how...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.011
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heme, a complex of iron and protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), senses and utilizes oxygen in nearly all living cells. It is an essential component of various hemoproteins, including those involved in oxygen transport and storage (hemoglobin, myoglobin), electron transfer, drug and steroid metabolism (cytochromes), and signal t...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.02.001
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease characterized by pathophysiological factors including airflow limitation, hyperinflation and reduced gas exchange. Treatment consists of lifestyle changes, lung rehabilitation and pharmacological therapies such as long acting beta-2-agonists (L...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.05.007
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hybrid polar compounds, of which hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) is the prototype, have been shown to be potent inducers of differentiation of many types of transformed cells. With virus-transformed murine erythroleukemia cells as a model, HMBA was shown to cause these cells to arrest in G1 phase and express globin ...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0163-7258(95)02044-6
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcoholism is a chronic relapsing disorder. Major characteristics observed in alcoholics during an initial period of alcohol abstinence are altered physiological functions and a negative emotional state. Evidence suggests that a persistent, cumulative adaptation involving a kindling/allostasis-like process occurs duri...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.09.007
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vascular Na+ pump maintains intracellular ionic concentration and controls membrane potential. Its inhibition by cardiac glycosides enhances the intracellular Na+ concentration. This in turn activates the Na+-Ca2+ exchange mechanism, which induces intracellular Ca2+ increase, membrane depolarization, and noradrena...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0163-7258(99)00037-6
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Granulocytes are defined as the population of granulated white blood cells (eosinophils, neutrophils, and basophils). These cells are involved in inflammation and contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic and inflammatory diseases. Inflammation is induced by the release of mediators from granulocytes recruited to or ...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.03.008
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::K(+) channels play critical roles in a wide variety of physiological processes, including the regulation of heart rate, muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, neuronal excitability, insulin secretion, epithelial electrolyte transport, cell volume regulation, and cell proliferation. As such, K(+) channels have b...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0163-7258(02)00201-2
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thioredoxin 1 (Trx 1) is a 12-kDa protein with redox-active dithiol in the active site -Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys- that is ubiquitously present in the human body. Trx 1 is a defensive protein induced by various stresses and has anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. The anti-oxidative effect of Trx 1 is m...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.04.004
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence that the delta opioid receptor (DOR) is an attractive target for the treatment of brain disorders has strengthened in recent years. This receptor is broadly expressed in the brain, binds endogenous opioid peptides, and shows as functional profile highly distinct from those of mu and kappa opioid receptors. Ou...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.06.003
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Progress in methods of investigating endothelial function in humans has led to the demonstration that endothelial dysfunction is an early process involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, and represents a new independent therapeutic target that may help to improve patient health. The administration o...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.03.015
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Flavonoids are natural polyphenolic compounds which are included in a panoply of drugs and used to treat and/or manage human ailments such as metabolic, cardiovascular, neurological disorders and cancer. Thus, the purpose of this review is to emphasize the importance of flavonoids for the treatment of autoimmune disea...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.09.009
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nuclear receptor family of transcription factor proteins mediates endocrine function and plays critical roles in the development, physiology and pharmacology. Malfunctioning nuclear receptors are associated with several disease states. The functional activity of nuclear receptors is regulated by small molecular ho...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.014
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00