Abstract：
:We investigated the effect of a "PreBind" engagement protocol on the biomechanics of contested Rugby Union scrummaging at different playing levels. "PreBind" requires front-row props to take a bind on opposing players prior to the engagement, and to maintain the bind throughout the scrum duration. Twenty-seven teams from five different playing levels performed live scrums under realistic conditions. Video analysis, pressures sensors, and inertial measurement units measured biomechanical outcomes as teams scrummaged following different engagement protocols: the CTPE (referee calls "crouch-touch-pause-engage"), the CTS ("crouch-touch-set"), and the PreBind ("crouch-bind-set") variants. PreBind reduced the set-up distance between the packs (-27%) and the speed at which they came into contact by more than 20%. The peak biomechanical stresses acting on front rows during the engagement phase were decreased in PreBind by 14-25% with respect to CTPE and CTS, without reducing the capability to generate force in the subsequent sustained push. No relevant main effects were recorded for playing level due to within-group variability and there were no interaction effects between playing level and engagement protocol. Pre-binding reduced many mechanical quantities that have been indicated as possible factors for chronic and acute injury, and may lead to safer engagement conditions without affecting subsequent performance.
journal_name
Scand J Med Sci Sportsjournal_title
Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sportsauthors
Preatoni E,Cazzola D,Stokes KA,England M,Trewartha Gdoi
10.1111/sms.12592subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-12-01 00:00:00pages
1398-1407issue
12eissn
0905-7188issn
1600-0838journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The purpose of this study was to analyze the composition of 103 dietary supplements bought on the internet. The supplements were dispatched in four different categories according to their announced contents [creatine, prohormones, "mental enhancers" and branched chain amino acids (BCAA)]. All the supplements were scre...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.00442.x
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite limited scientific knowledge, stretching of human skeletal muscle to improve flexibility is a widespread practice among athletes. This article reviews recent findings regarding passive properties of the hamstring muscle group during stretch based on a model that was developed which could synchronously and cont...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.1998.tb00171.x
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study is to compare (a) the physiological responses following cold-water immersion (CWI) and partial-body cryotherapy (PBC) and (b) the effects on recovery following a muscle-damaging protocol (5 × 20 drop jumps). Nineteen healthy males were randomly allocated into either a CWI (10°C for 10 minutes; n ...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/sms.13014
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Surprisingly little is known about the mechanisms of muscle atrophy with aging and disuse in human beings, in contrast to rodents, from which much has been extrapolated to explain the human condition. However, this extrapolation is likely unwarranted because the time course, extent of wasting, muscle fiber involvement...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00967.x
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to investigate how heart rate (HR) and blood lactate (LA) concentrations are associated with perceived readiness ratings (PRR) to begin a new run during recovery after four different intensity steady-state 2000 m runs in college-level male middle-distance runners (n=15). A typical 4x2000 m ru...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1034/j.1600-0838.2000.010001033.x
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Overarm movements are essential skills in many different sport games; however, the adaptations to different sports are not well understood. The aim of the study was to analyze upper-body kinematics in the team-handball throw, tennis serve, and volleyball spike, and to calculate differences in the proximal-to-distal se...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01503.x
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The kinetics of central and peripheral fatigue development during an intensive constant-load cycling exercise was evaluated to better understand the mechanisms of task failure. Thirteen males cycled to exhaustion at 80% of maximal power output in intermittent bouts of 6 min of exercise with 4-min break between bouts t...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01167.x
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated salivary testosterone (sal-T) variation across the menstrual cycle in female athletes, at different competitive levels, and its association with motivation and neuromuscular power. Six elite and 16 non-elite female athletes were monitored on days 7 (D7), 14 (D14), and 21 (D21) across 3 menstrua...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/sms.13041
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine if in-season changes in heart rate recovery (HRR) are related to aerobic fitness and performance in collegiate rowers. Twenty-two female collegiate rowers completed testing before and after their competitive season. Body fat percentage (BF%) was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Maximal aero...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/sms.12934
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Blood passport has been suggested as an indirect tool to detect various kinds of blood manipulations. Autologous blood transfusions are currently undetectable, and the objective of this study was to examine the sensitivities of different blood markers and blood passport approaches in order to determine the best approa...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01033.x
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Track and field includes a number of high-intensity disciplines with many demanding practices and represents a motivational challenge for talented athletes aiming to make a successful transition to the senior elite level. Based on a holistic ecological approach, this study presents an analysis of a particular athletic...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01187.x
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Marathon runners are exposed to multiple thrombogenic risk factors including dehydration and hemoconcentration, injury and inflammation, long-distance travel between events, and contraceptive usage. However, despite awareness about thromboembolism and several case reports detailing life-threatening hypercoagulopathies...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/sms.12262
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined motivation variables, self-determination and self-schema, in relation to physical activity, among psychiatric patients with experience with physical activity as part of their treatment. Participants were patients (N=109) from 15 psychiatric hospitals or day-care institutions. Data were collected by...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.00514.x
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Relaxin is a hormone structurally related to insulin and insulin-like growth factor, which exerts its regulatory effect on the musculoskeletal and other systems through binding to its receptor in various tissues, mediated by different signaling pathways. Relaxin alters the properties of cartilage and tendon by activat...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/sms.12149
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study reveals the lipoprotein subclass pattern associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in healthy children. Serum concentrations of lipoprotein subclasses and concentrations and average particle size of their main classes were quantified in 94 ethnic Norwegian children using high-performance liquid chroma...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/sms.12897
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed (a) to estimate the transition rate for top 50 ranked track and field jumpers, (b) to compare the performance progression of top 50 ranked senior jumpers (top50 senior) to those who failed to be top 50 ranked in the senior category despite being top 50 ranked in the under 18 category (only U18), and (...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/sms.13819
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study investigated the relations between physical exercise and musculoskeletal pain among forest industry workers. We studied a population of 3312 Finnish forest industry workers, who replied to a questionnaire survey in 1994 (response rate 77%). The outcome variables in this cross-sectional study were the number ...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1034/j.1600-0838.2001.110408.x
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated the peripheral frequency of monocytes, CD4 + T cell subsets and the systemic levels of cytokines in lean and obese men with different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Mononuclear cells were obtained from 45 lean and 45 obese men who were assigned into six groups according to their bod...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/sms.13506
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the blood pressure lowering effects of a bout of exercise and/or antihypertensive medicine with the goal of studying if exercise could substitute or enhance pharmacologic hypertension treatment. Twenty-three hypertensive metabolic syndrome patients chronically medicated with angiotensin II receptor 1 blocka...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/sms.13218
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was performed to investigate the effects of intermittent hypoxic exposure on blood and exercise parameters. Eight sea level residents were exposed to 2 h daily stimulus to 4100 m altitude in a hypobaric chamber for a total of 14 days. Exercise performance was evaluated at sea level before and after the hypo...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.2004.405.x
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study analyzed the impact of performing four consecutive football matches separated by 48-72 hours during a FIFA tournament on physical load, technical performance and plasma markers of redox state, muscle damage and inflammation in elite female players. Forty-eight players from three national teams were evaluate...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/sms.13878
更新日期：2020-12-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Predictors of functional capacities and skills in 143 soccer players aged 11-14 years from five clubs in Portugal were investigated. Data for players aged 11-12 (n=75) and 13-14 (n=68) years included chronological age, skeletal age, stage of pubic hair (PH), anthropometry, four functional capacities, four soccer skill...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01056.x
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:preprofessional dance training starts at very early ages, on a highly demanding environment placing students at significant risk for injury. Injury management and prevention are a matter of concern. Given the constant interchangeability of risk factors, identifying injury patterns may prove to be equally a...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/sms.13382
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Grounded in self-determination theory, this study aimed to examine the links of the social environment, as defined by coach interpersonal behaviors and coach-athlete relationships, with athletes' psychological need satisfaction and indexes of well-being. Athletes (N = 300) completed a multi-section questionnaire asses...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/sms.12029
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to analyze the participation and performance trends of male triathletes in the "Ironman Switzerland" from 1995 to 2010. Participation trends of all finishers aged between 18 and 64 years were analyzed over the 16-year period by considering four 4-year periods 1995-1998, 1999-2002, 2003-20...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01473.x
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This pilot trial explores the feasibility of measuring muscle contractile properties in patients with cancer, effects of exercise during chemotherapy on muscle contractile properties and the association between changes in contractile muscle properties and perceived fatigue. METHOD:Patients who received (neo...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/sms.13758
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent data demonstrated that individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) exhibit impaired sweating and increased rectal temperature (i.e., heat storage) during exercise compared with healthy controls. Our purpose in this study was to investigate the consequences of T1DM on post-exercise thermal homeostasis. Sixt...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/sms.12344
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The importance of elevated homocysteine (Hcy) as a risk marker for cardiovascular disease is continuously under debate. Lifestyle factors may increase the total Hcy (tHcy) level of the plasma, but there are no consistent findings relating to Hcy, physical activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Cross-sectional measur...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00674.x
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is recognized that stretching is an effective method to chronically increase the joint range of motion. However, the effects of stretching training on the muscle-tendon structural properties remain unclear. This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to determine whether chronic stretching alter the muscle-tend...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1111/sms.12957
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine the motion pattern and muscle activity during jumping and landing in downhill skiing to estimate the muscular involvement during the jump-landing-backward fall-anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. A digitized 2-D video motion analysis and a synchronous 8-channel electromyog...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.1995.tb00031.x
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
