Abstract:
:Corneal infection with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) leads to infection of trigeminal ganglia (TG), typically followed by the establishment of latency in the infected neurons. When latency is disrupted, the virus reactivates and migrates back to the cornea, where it restimulates the immune response, leading to lesions in a disease called herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK). HSK requires T cell activation, as in the absence of T cells there is no disease. We decided to determine if CD28 costimulation of T cells was required in HSK. The results indicated that C57BL/6 CD28-/- and BALB/c CD28-/- mice failed to develop recurrent HSK, while their wild-type counterparts did. In order to better understand the dynamics of TG infection in these mice, we evaluated the amount of virus in infected TG and the number of individual neurons harboring latent virus. The results indicated that CD28-/- mice possessed significantly increased genome levels in their TG but many fewer LAT-positive cells than wild-type mice from day 7 to day 30 but that after day 30 these differences became nonsignificant. We next evaluated total and antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in TG. The results indicated that there were significantly fewer CD8 T cells in TG from day 10 to day 25 but that after that the differences were not significant. Taken together, these data suggest that CD28 costimulation is required for HSK but that while initial infection of TG is greater in CD28-/- mice, this begins to normalize with time and this normalization is concurrent with the delayed development of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells.IMPORTANCE We study the pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus-mediated corneal disease. T cells play a critical role both in disease and in the maintenance of latency in neurons. Consequently, the focus of this study was to evaluate the role that T cell costimulation plays both in corneal disease and in controlling the ability of the virus to maintain a stable infection of the ganglia that innervate the cornea. We demonstrate that in the absence of costimulation with CD28, corneal disease does not take place. However, this costimulation does not prevent the ability of CD8+ T cells to develop and, thus, control latent infection of neurons. We conclude from these studies that CD28 costimulation is required for corneal destructive immune responses but that CD8+ T cells develop over time and help to maintain latency.
journal_name
J Viroljournal_title
Journal of virologyauthors
Yin XT,Baugnon NK,Potter CA,Tai S,Keadle TL,Stuart PMdoi
10.1128/JVI.00659-19subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-07-30 00:00:00issue
16eissn
0022-538Xissn
1098-5514pii
JVI.00659-19journal_volume
93pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Removal of nucleoside triphosphates from extracts prepared from bacteriophage T7-infected Escherichia coli results in a stringent requirement for added ATP to form infective phage particles by in vitro packaging of bacteriophage T7 DNA. Optimal packaging efficiency was achieved at a concentration of about 1.25 mM. Oth...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.43.1.365-367.1982
更新日期:1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The accumulation of an abnormal, protease-resistant form of the protein PrP (PrP-res) in hosts with scrapie and related transmissible spongiform encephalopathies appears to be important in disease pathogenesis. To gain insight into the mechanism of PrP-res accumulation and the in vivo antiscrapie activity of certain p...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.67.2.643-650.1993
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) nonstructural protein 16 (nsp16) is an S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM)-dependent 2'-O-methyltransferase (2'-O-MTase) that is thought to methylate the ribose 2'-OH of the first transcribed nucleotide (N1) of viral RNA cap structures. This 2'-O-MTase activity is ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02217-16
更新日期:2017-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::A majority of species B adenoviruses (Ads) use CD46 as their primary receptor; however, the precise mechanisms involved in the binding of different Ad types to CD46 have not been resolved. Although previous studies indicate close similarities between two members of species B2 Ads in their usage of CD46, our current in...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00754-08
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rhesus rhadinovirus (RRV) is a gammaherpesvirus closely related to Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), an oncogenic virus linked to the development of Kaposi's sarcoma and several other lymphoproliferative diseases, including primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman's disease. RRV naturally inf...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01429-10
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibody to the capsid (PORF2) protein of hepatitis E virus (HEV) is sufficient to confer immunity, but knowledge of B-cell epitopes in the intact capsid is limited. A panel of murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) was generated following immunization with recombinant ORF2.1 protein, representing the C-terminal 267 amin...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.74.17.8011-8017.2000
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The paramyxoviral family contains many medically important viruses, including measles virus, mumps virus, parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, and the deadly zoonotic henipaviruses Hendra and Nipah virus (NiV). To both enter host cells and spread from cell to cell within infected ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01469-16
更新日期:2016-11-14 00:00:00
abstract::We have established a genetic assay for the multimerization of retroviral gag polyproteins. This assay is based on the GAL4 two-hybrid system for studying protein-protein interactions (S. Fields and O. Song, Nature (London) 340:245-246, 1989). In our initial experiments, we generated Saccharomyces cerevisiae plasmids ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.66.8.5157-5160.1992
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus and one of the most common agents of viral encephalitis. The infectious entry process of JEV into host cells remains largely unknown. Here, we present a systemic study concerning the cellular entry mechanism of JEV to B104 rat neuroblastoma cells. It was...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00903-12
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The protein kinase (PK) encoded by the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) BGLF4 gene is the only EBV protein kinase. The expression pattern of EBV PK during the reactivation of the viral lytic cycle and the subcellular localization of the protein were analyzed with a polyclonal antiserum raised against a peptide corresponding t...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.78.22.12140-12146.2004
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In coliphage 186, 22 essential genes were defined by complementation studies with amber mutants. Eighteen genes were associated with phage morphogenesis: 11 with phage tail formation, and 7 with phage head formation. The remaining four genes are discussed in the accompanying paper (S. M. Hocking and J. B. Egan, J. Vir...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.44.3.1056-1067.1982
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synthesis of polynucleotide 5'-triphosphatase, which is presumably involved in the initial modification in the series of reactions by which 5'-termini of vaccinia mRNA become capped and methylated, has been demonstrated in vaccinia virus infected HeLa cells. Synthesis of the enzyme is prevented by actinomycin D and cy...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.25.1.37-41.1978
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Injection of conventional or axenic weanling mice with potent sheep or goat antibody to mouse interferon alpha/beta resulted in a decrease in the basal level of 2-5A synthetase in resting peritoneal macrophages and rendered these cells permissive for vesicular stomatitis virus. There was a good inverse correlation bet...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.53.1.221-227.1985
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence is presented that the herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein previously designated gF is antigenically related to herpes simplex virus type 1 gC (gC-1). An antiserum prepared against type 1 virion envelope proteins immunoprecipitated gF of type 2 (gF-2), and competition experiments revealed that the anti-gC...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.47.3.553-562.1983
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intragastric inoculation with whole-virion vaccine of inactivated influenza virus resulted in production of hemagglutinin (HA)-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG both in lung lavage fluids and in serum samples of mice. HA-specific IgA was the predominant isotypic antibody secreted in the lung lavage fluids (avera...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.61.7.2150-2154.1987
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) encodes several unique group-specific open reading frames (ORFs) relative to other known coronaviruses. To determine the significance of the SARS-CoV group-specific ORFs in virus replication in vitro and in mice, we systematically deleted five of the eight group-specific ORFs, ORF3a, OF3b, ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.79.23.14909-14922.2005
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of plasmids containing hepatitis A virus (HAV) cDNA was constructed such that positive-strand HAV RNA could be transcribed with T7 RNA polymerase. The plasmids differed in the number of 5'-terminal nucleotides representing the junctions between vectors and HAV sequences that were present in the transcripts. W...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.65.5.2757-2760.1991
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we have identified an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) from the highly infectious herpesvirus Marek's disease virus (MDV). The IRES was mapped to the intercistronic region (ICR) of a bicistronic mRNA that we cloned from the MDV-transformed CD4(+) T-cell line MSB-1. The transcript is a member of a fam...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02602-08
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is the causative agent of classical swine fever (CSF), a highly contagious, economically important viral disease in many countries. The E(rns) and E2 envelope glycoproteins are responsible for the binding to and entry into the host cell by CSFV. To date, only one cellular r...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00019-15
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The members of Flaviviridae utilize several endocytic pathways to enter a variety of host cells. Our previous work showed that classical swine fever virus (CSFV) enters porcine kidney (PK-15) cells through a clathrin-dependent pathway that requires Rab5 and Rab7. The entry mechanism for CSFV into other cell lines rema...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00797-18
更新日期:2018-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::The STP-C488 open reading frame of herpesvirus saimiri encodes an oncoprotein that has transforming and tumor-inducing activities independent of the rest of the herpesvirus genome. STP-C488 protein has an unusual, membrane-associated, fibrous structure and is located primarily in perinuclear compartments. We now repor...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.66.3.1777-1780.1992
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The role of NF-κB in influenza A virus (IAV) infection does not reveal a coherent picture, as pro- and also antiviral functions of this transcription factor have been described. To address this issue, we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat with Cas9 (CRISPR-Cas9)-mediated genome eng...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00946-16
更新日期:2016-08-12 00:00:00
abstract::The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) major immediate-early (MIE) enhancer contains five functional cyclic AMP (cAMP) response elements (CRE). Because the CRE in their native context do not contribute appreciably to MIE enhancer/promoter activity in lytically infected human fibroblasts and NTera2 (NT2)-derived neurons, we ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01524-06
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is an enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae that is significant to human health, being associated with myocarditis, aseptic meningitis, and pancreatitis, among other conditions. In addition to humans, Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys can be infected and killed by CVB3. Here, we report the first c...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02365-12
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The wild mouse ecotropic retrovirus, Cas-Br-E, induces progressive, noninflammatory spongiform neurodegenerative disease in susceptible mice. Functional genetic analysis of the Cas-Br-E genome indicates that neurovirulence maps to the env gene, which encodes the surface glycoprotein responsible for binding and fusion ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1128/jvi.74.3.1558-1565.2000
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism of cellular src (c-src) transduction by a transformation-defective deletion mutant, td109, of Rous sarcoma virus was studied by sequence analysis of the recombinational junctions in three td109-derived recovered sarcoma viruses (rASVs). Our results show that two rASVs have been generated by recombination...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.59.3.556-563.1986
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::9-([2-Hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl)guanine (BW B759U) is more potent and has a more prolonged inhibitory effect against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in vitro than does acyclovir (ACV). To assess the mechanism of this difference, we first compared the extent of phosphorylation of the two drugs in superinfected Ra...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.60.2.569-573.1986
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to clarify the effect of an accumulation of amino acid substitutions on the hemadsorption character of the influenza AH3 virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein, we introduced single-point amino acid changes into the HA1 domain of the HA proteins of influenza viruses isolated in 1968 (A/Aichi/2/68) and 1997 (A/Sydne...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.79.10.6472-6477.2005
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rabies, as the oldest known infectious disease, remains a serious threat to public health worldwide. The eukaryotic cytosolic chaperonin TRiC/CCT complex facilitates the folding of proteins through ATP hydrolysis. Here, we investigated the expression, cellular localization, and function of neuronal CCTγ during neurotr...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.03186-12
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is the most aggressive skin cancer. Recently, it was demonstrated that human Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) is clonally integrated in approximately 80% of MCC tumors. However, direct evidence for whether oncogenic viral proteins are needed for the maintenance of MCC cells is still missing. ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02400-09
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00