Abstract:
:It is generally accepted that metabolism is able to shape the immune response. Only recently we are gaining awareness that the metabolic crosstalk between different tumor compartments strongly contributes to the harsh tumor microenvironment (TME) and ultimately impairs immune cell fitness and effector functions. The major aims of this review are to provide an overview on the immune system in cancer; to position oxygen shortage and metabolic competition as the ground of a restrictive TME and as important players in the anti-tumor immune response; to define how immunotherapies affect hypoxia/oxygen delivery and the metabolic landscape of the tumor; and vice versa, how oxygen and metabolites within the TME impinge on the success of immunotherapies. By analyzing preclinical and clinical endeavors, we will discuss how a metabolic characterization of the TME can identify novel targets and signatures that could be exploited in combination with standard immunotherapies and can help to predict the benefit of new and traditional immunotherapeutic drugs.
journal_name
Physiol Revjournal_title
Physiological reviewsauthors
Riera-Domingo C,Audigé A,Granja S,Cheng WC,Ho PC,Baltazar F,Stockmann C,Mazzone Mdoi
10.1152/physrev.00018.2019subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-01-01 00:00:00pages
1-102issue
1eissn
0031-9333issn
1522-1210journal_volume
100pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::There are two main classes of hormones in insects: 1) the true hormones produced by epithelial glands and belonging to the ecdysteroids or juvenile hormones and 2) the neuropeptide hormones produced by neurosecretory cells. Members of these classes regulate physiological, developmental, and behavioral events in insect...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1997.77.4.963
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traditionally the auditory system was considered a hard-wired sensory system; this view has been challenged in recent years in light of the plasticity of other sensory systems, particularly the visual and somatosensory systems. Practical experience in clinical audiology together with the use of prosthetic devices, suc...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00002.2002
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cone snails (genus Conus) are venomous marine molluscs that use small, structured peptide toxins (conotoxins) for prey capture, defense, and competitor deterrence. Each of the 500 Conus can express approximately 100 different conotoxins, with little overlap between species. An overwhelming majority of these peptid...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00020.2003
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oligodendrocytes generate multiple layers of myelin membrane around axons of the central nervous system to enable fast and efficient nerve conduction. Until recently, saltatory nerve conduction was considered the only purpose of myelin, but it is now clear that myelin has more functions. In fact, myelinating oligodend...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00031.2018
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) exhibit several growth responses to agonists that regulate their function including proliferation (hyperplasia with an increase in cell number), hypertrophy (an increase in cell size without change in DNA content), endoreduplication (an increase in DNA content and usually size), and...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.3.999
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cutaneous wound healing is a complex process involving blood clotting, inflammation, new tissue formation, and finally tissue remodeling. It is well described at the histological level, but the genes that regulate skin repair have only partially been identified. Many experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.2003.83.3.835
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery of cannabinoid receptors and subsequent identification of their endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids) in early 1990s have greatly accelerated research on cannabinoid actions in the brain. Then, the discovery in 2001 that endocannabinoids mediate retrograde synaptic signaling has opened up a new era for c...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00019.2008
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endothelial cells (ECs) are more than inert blood vessel lining material. Instead, they are active players in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) both in health and (life-threatening) diseases. Recently, a new concept arose by which EC metabolism drives angiogenesis in parallel to well-established angiog...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00001.2017
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria and its homologs from diverse marine animals are widely used as universal genetically encoded fluorescent labels. Many laboratories have focused their efforts on identification and development of fluorescent proteins with novel characteristics and en...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00038.2009
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A careful review of several different organs shows that with the information available today the beginnings of the microlymphatics in the tissue consist of endothelialized tubes only. Lymphatic smooth muscle within the collecting lymphatics appears further downstream, in some organs only outside the parenchyma. This p...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1990.70.4.987
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this review is to provide basic information on the electrophysiological changes during acute ischemia and reperfusion from the level of ion channels up to the level of multicellular preparations. After an introduction, section II provides a general description of the ion channels and electrogenic transporte...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1999.79.3.917
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the last decade, earlier suggestions that insulin acts at the plasma membrane level via combination with receptors have been amply confirmed in studies of 125I-labeled insulin binding kinetics. Efforts have been devoted to the development of homogeneous, stable, and bioactive tracers, and a preparation of monoi...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1984.64.4.1321
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The minK gene encodes a protein of 130 amino acids that has a single transmembrane segment and is expressed in many tissues including heart, uterus, and kidney. When Xenopus oocytes are injected with minK mRNA, a very slowly activating voltage-dependent potassium current is induced in these cells. The induced channels...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1997.77.3.627
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::While transport processes for amino acids and glucose have long been known to be expressed in the luminal and abluminal membranes of the endothelium comprising the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers, it is only within the last decades that endothelial and smooth muscle cells derived from peripheral vascular beds h...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00022.2002
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The multifunctional Ca(2+)- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is now recognized to play a central role in pathological events in the cardiovascular system. CaMKII has diverse downstream targets that promote vascular disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias, so improved understanding of CaMKII signalin...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2010
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Arp2/3 complex is an evolutionary conserved molecular machine that generates branched actin networks. When activated, the Arp2/3 complex contributes the actin branched junction and thus cross-links the polymerizing actin filaments in a network that exerts a pushing force. The different activators initiate branched...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00006.2017
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The urothelium, which lines the inner surface of the renal pelvis, the ureters, and the urinary bladder, not only forms a high-resistance barrier to ion, solute and water flux, and pathogens, but also functions as an integral part of a sensory web which receives, amplifies, and transmits information about its external...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00030.2012
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endothelial cells of the blood and lymphatic vasculature are polarized cells with luminal surfaces specialized to interact with inflammatory cells upon the appropriate stimulation; they contain specialized transcellular transport systems, and their basal surfaces are attached to an extracellular basement membrane. In ...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00014.2004
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eukaryotes are characterized by endomembranes that are connected by vesicular transport along secretory and endocytic pathways. The compositional differences between the various cellular membranes are maintained by sorting events, and it has long been believed that sorting is based solely on protein-protein interactio...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.4.1689
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review focuses on the molecular stratagems utilized by bacteria, yeast, and mammals in their adaptation to hypoxia. Among this broad range of organisms, changes in oxygen tension appear to be sensed by heme proteins, with subsequent transfer of electrons along a signal transduction pathway which may depend on rea...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1996.76.3.839
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small GTPases use GDP/GTP alternation to actuate a variety of functional switches that are pivotal for cell dynamics. The GTPase switch is turned on by GEFs, which stimulate dissociation of the tightly bound GDP, and turned off by GAPs, which accelerate the intrinsically sluggish hydrolysis of GTP. For Ras, Rho, and R...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00003.2012
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::NHE3 is the brush-border (BB) Na(+)/H(+) exchanger of small intestine, colon, and renal proximal tubule which is involved in large amounts of neutral Na(+) absorption. NHE3 is a highly regulated transporter, being both stimulated and inhibited by signaling that mimics the postprandial state. It also undergoes downregu...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00030.2006
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zinc is involved in a variety of biological processes, as a structural, catalytic, and intracellular and intercellular signaling component. Thus zinc homeostasis is tightly controlled at the whole body, tissue, cellular, and subcellular levels by a number of proteins, with zinc transporters being particularly importan...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00035.2014
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as by-products of normal cellular metabolic activities. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase are the enzymes involved in protecting cells from the damaging effects of ROS. ROS are produced in response to ultraviolet radiation, cigarette smoking, alcohol...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00040.2012
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The key role of vitamin A in embryonal development is reviewed. Special emphasis is given to the physiological action of retinoids, as evident from the retinoid ligand knockout models. Retinoid metabolism in embryonic tissues and teratogenic consequences of retinoid administration at high doses are presented. Physiolo...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.2000.80.3.1021
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transepithelial movement of fluids, electrolytes, and larger molecules is achieved by the activity of a host of specialized transporting proteins, including enzymes, receptors, and channels, that are located on either the apical, basal, or lateral plasma membrane domains of epithelial cells. In the kidney as well ...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1996.76.1.245
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the 60 years that have passed since the discovery of the mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone, much has been learned about its synthesis (both adrenal and extra-adrenal), regulation (by renin-angiotensin II, potassium, adrenocorticotrophin, and other factors), and effects (on both epithelial and nonepithelial tiss...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00026.2015
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cutaneous melanin pigment plays a critical role in camouflage, mimicry, social communication, and protection against harmful effects of solar radiation. Melanogenesis is under complex regulatory control by multiple agents interacting via pathways activated by receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms, in hormonal...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00044.2003
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To a certain extent, all cellular, physiological, and pathological phenomena that occur in cells are accompanied by ionic changes. The development of techniques allowing the measurement of such ion activities has contributed substantially to our understanding of normal and abnormal cellular function. Digital video mic...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1999.79.4.1089
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Angiotensin (ANG) II is a powerful and phylogenetically widespread stimulus to thirst and sodium appetite. When it is injected directly into sensitive areas of the brain, it causes an immediate increase in water intake followed by a slower increase in NaCl intake. Drinking is vigorous, highly motivated, and rapidly co...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1998.78.3.583
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00