Abstract:
:The cone snails (genus Conus) are venomous marine molluscs that use small, structured peptide toxins (conotoxins) for prey capture, defense, and competitor deterrence. Each of the 500 Conus can express approximately 100 different conotoxins, with little overlap between species. An overwhelming majority of these peptides are probably targeted selectively to a specific ion channel. Because conotoxins discriminate between closely related subtypes of ion channels, they are widely used as pharmacological agents in ion channel research, and several have direct diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Large conotoxin families can comprise hundreds or thousands of different peptides; most families have a corresponding ion channel family target (i.e., omega-conotoxins and Ca channels, alpha-conotoxins and nicotinic receptors). Different conotoxin families may have different ligand binding sites on the same ion channel target (i.e., mu-conotoxins and delta-conotoxins to sites 1 and 6 of Na channels, respectively). The individual peptides in a conotoxin family are typically each selectively targeted to a diverse set of different molecular isoforms within the same ion channel family. This review focuses on the targeting specificity of conotoxins and their differential binding to different states of an ion channel.
journal_name
Physiol Revjournal_title
Physiological reviewsauthors
Terlau H,Olivera BMdoi
10.1152/physrev.00020.2003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-01-01 00:00:00pages
41-68issue
1eissn
0031-9333issn
1522-1210pii
84/1/41journal_volume
84pub_type
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