Ca2+-activated K+ channels: from protein complexes to function.

abstract：:Intrarenal autoregulatory mechanisms maintain renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) independent of renal perfusion pressure (RPP) over a defined range (80-180 mmHg). Such autoregulation is mediated largely by the myogenic and the macula densa-tubuloglomerular feedback (MD-TGF) responses that regu...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Carlström M,Wilcox CS,Arendshorst WJ

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The distal tubule of the mammalian kidney, defined as the region between the macula densa and the collecting duct, is morphologically and functionally heterogeneous. This heterogeneity has stymied attempts to define functional properties of individual cell types and has led to controversy concerning mechanisms and reg...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Reilly RF,Ellison DH

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The multifunctional Ca(2+)- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is now recognized to play a central role in pathological events in the cardiovascular system. CaMKII has diverse downstream targets that promote vascular disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias, so improved understanding of CaMKII signalin...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Erickson JR,He BJ,Grumbach IM,Anderson ME

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cardiac muscle and the coronary vasculature are in close proximity to each other, and a two-way interaction, called cross-talk, exists. Here we focus on the mechanical aspects of cross-talk including the role of the extracellular matrix. Cardiac muscle affects the coronary vasculature. In diastole, the effect of t...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Westerhof N,Boer C,Lamberts RR,Sipkema P

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biosynthesis and Degradation of CFTR. Physiol. Rev. 79, Suppl.: S167-S173, 1999. - Many of the mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that cause cystic fibrosis interfere with the folding and biosynthetic processing of nascent CFTR molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutat...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Kopito RR

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oligodendrocytes generate multiple layers of myelin membrane around axons of the central nervous system to enable fast and efficient nerve conduction. Until recently, saltatory nerve conduction was considered the only purpose of myelin, but it is now clear that myelin has more functions. In fact, myelinating oligodend...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Stadelmann C,Timmler S,Barrantes-Freer A,Simons M

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The last 10 years have witnessed a surge of interest for the mechanisms underlying the acquisition and extinction of classically conditioned fear responses. In part, this results from the realization that abnormalities in fear learning mechanisms likely participate in the development and/or maintenance of human anxiet...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Pape HC,Pare D

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiac myocytes rapidly proliferate during fetal life but exit the cell cycle soon after birth in mammals. Although the extent to which adult cardiac myocytes are capable of cell cycle reentry is controversial and species-specific differences may exist, it appears that for the vast majority of adult cardiac myocytes ...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Ahuja P,Sdek P,MacLellan WR

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cutaneous wound healing is a complex process involving blood clotting, inflammation, new tissue formation, and finally tissue remodeling. It is well described at the histological level, but the genes that regulate skin repair have only partially been identified. Many experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Werner S,Grose R

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For many decades, the inability of lesioned central neurons to regrow was accepted almost as a "law of nature", and on the clinical level, spinal cord and brain lesions were seen as being irreversible. Today we are starting to understand the mechanisms of neuronal regeneration in the central nervous system and its pre...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Schwab ME,Bartholdi D

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stress induced by accumulation of unfolded proteins at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a classic feature of secretory cells and is observed in many tissues in human diseases including cancer, diabetes, obesity, and neurodegeneration. Cellular adaptation to ER stress is achieved by the activation of the unfolded prot...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Hetz C,Martinon F,Rodriguez D,Glimcher LH

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review describes recent progress concerning the molecular aspects of the Na+/H+ exchanger. The Na+/H+ exchanger is an important regulator for intracellular pH, cell volume, and transepithelial Na+ transport. It exists in virtually all cells with cell type-dependent pattern of isoform expression, and it is regulat...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Wakabayashi S,Shigekawa M,Pouyssegur J

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prolactin is a protein hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that was originally named for its ability to promote lactation in response to the suckling stimulus of hungry young mammals. We now know that prolactin is not as simple as originally described. Indeed, chemically, prolactin appears in a multiplicity of pos...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Freeman ME,Kanyicska B,Lerant A,Nagy G

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A careful review of several different organs shows that with the information available today the beginnings of the microlymphatics in the tissue consist of endothelialized tubes only. Lymphatic smooth muscle within the collecting lymphatics appears further downstream, in some organs only outside the parenchyma. This p...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Schmid-Schönbein GW

更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pancreatic β-cell secretes insulin in response to elevated plasma glucose. This review applies an external bioenergetic critique to the central processes of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, including glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism, the cytosolic adenine nucleotide pool, and its interaction with plasm...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Nicholls DG

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endothelial cells (ECs) are more than inert blood vessel lining material. Instead, they are active players in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) both in health and (life-threatening) diseases. Recently, a new concept arose by which EC metabolism drives angiogenesis in parallel to well-established angiog...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Eelen G,de Zeeuw P,Treps L,Harjes U,Wong BW,Carmeliet P

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Muscular dystrophies represent a large group of genetic disorders that significantly impair quality of life and often progress to premature death. There is no effective treatment for these debilitating diseases. Most therapies, developed to date, focus on alleviating the symptoms or targeting the secondary effects, wh...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Zhang Y,Long C,Bassel-Duby R,Olson EN

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The classic concept of gastrointestinal endocrinology is that of a few peptides released to the circulation from endocrine cells, which are interspersed among other mucosal cells in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Today more than 30 peptide hormone genes are known to be expressed throughout the digestive tract, whic...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Rehfeld JF

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is generally accepted that metabolism is able to shape the immune response. Only recently we are gaining awareness that the metabolic crosstalk between different tumor compartments strongly contributes to the harsh tumor microenvironment (TME) and ultimately impairs immune cell fitness and effector functions. The m...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Riera-Domingo C,Audigé A,Granja S,Cheng WC,Ho PC,Baltazar F,Stockmann C,Mazzone M

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cutaneous melanin pigment plays a critical role in camouflage, mimicry, social communication, and protection against harmful effects of solar radiation. Melanogenesis is under complex regulatory control by multiple agents interacting via pathways activated by receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms, in hormonal...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Slominski A,Tobin DJ,Shibahara S,Wortsman J

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that provide nutrients, recycle neurotransmitters, as well as fulfill a wide range of other homeostasis maintaining functions. During the past two decades, astrocytes emerged also as increasingly important regulators of neuronal functions inclu...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Pekny M,Pekna M

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are serine-threonine protein kinases that are activated by diverse stimuli ranging from cytokines, growth factors, neurotransmitters, hormones, cellular stress, and cell adherence. Mitogen-activated protein kinases are expressed in all eukaryotic cells. The basic assembly of MA...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Widmann C,Gibson S,Jarpe MB,Johnson GL

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendritic cells (DCs) are bone marrow-derived cells of both lymphoid and myeloid stem cell origin that populate all lymphoid organs including the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes, as well as nearly all nonlymphoid tissues and organs. Although DCs are a moderately diverse set of cells, they all have potent antigen-prese...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Lipscomb MF,Masten BJ

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heterotrimeric G proteins are key players in transmembrane signaling by coupling a huge variety of receptors to channel proteins, enzymes, and other effector molecules. Multiple subforms of G proteins together with receptors, effectors, and various regulatory proteins represent the components of a highly versatile sig...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Wettschureck N,Offermanns S

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vagal sensory neurons constitute the major afferent supply to the airways and lungs. Subsets of afferents are defined by their embryological origin, molecular profile, neurochemistry, functionality, and anatomical organization, and collectively these nerves are essential for the regulation of respiratory physiology an...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Mazzone SB,Undem BJ

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Animals synchronize to the environmental day-night cycle by means of an internal circadian clock in the brain. In mammals, this timekeeping mechanism is housed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and is entrained by light input from the retina. One output of the SCN is a neural code for circadian ...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Harvey JRM,Plante AE,Meredith AL

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endothelial cells of the blood and lymphatic vasculature are polarized cells with luminal surfaces specialized to interact with inflammatory cells upon the appropriate stimulation; they contain specialized transcellular transport systems, and their basal surfaces are attached to an extracellular basement membrane. In ...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Hallmann R,Horn N,Selg M,Wendler O,Pausch F,Sorokin LM

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The past two decades have witnessed an explosive growth of knowledge regarding postischemic myocardial dysfunction or myocardial "stunning." The purpose of this review is to summarize current information regarding the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of this phenomenon. Myocardial stunning should not be regarded as a ...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Bolli R,Marbán E

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Large-conductance Ca2+- and voltage-activated K+ (BK) channels play many physiological roles ranging from the maintenance of smooth muscle tone to hearing and neurosecretion. BK channels are tetramers in which the pore-forming α subunit is coded by a single gene (Slowpoke, KCNMA1). In this review, we first highlight t...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Latorre R,Castillo K,Carrasquel-Ursulaez W,Sepulveda RV,Gonzalez-Nilo F,Gonzalez C,Alvarez O

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial cells respond to various electrical, mechanical, and chemical stimuli, including neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and hormones, with an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). The increases exhibit a variety of temporal and spatial patterns. These [Ca2+]i responses result from the coordinated ...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Verkhratsky A,Orkand RK,Kettenmann H

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00