Mammalian G proteins and their cell type specific functions.

abstract：:Propagation of excitation in the heart involves action potential (AP) generation by cardiac cells and its propagation in the multicellular tissue. AP conduction is the outcome of complex interactions between cellular electrical activity, electrical cell-to-cell communication, and the cardiac tissue structure. As shown...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Kléber AG,Rudy Y

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Angiotensin (ANG) II is a powerful and phylogenetically widespread stimulus to thirst and sodium appetite. When it is injected directly into sensitive areas of the brain, it causes an immediate increase in water intake followed by a slower increase in NaCl intake. Drinking is vigorous, highly motivated, and rapidly co...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Fitzsimons JT

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review focused on results obtained with methods that allow studies of ionic channels in situ, namely, patch clamping and current-noise analysis. We reported findings for ionic channels in apical and basolateral plasma membranes of various tight and leaky epithelia from a wide range of animal species and tissues. ...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Van Driessche W,Zeiske W

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stress induced by accumulation of unfolded proteins at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a classic feature of secretory cells and is observed in many tissues in human diseases including cancer, diabetes, obesity, and neurodegeneration. Cellular adaptation to ER stress is achieved by the activation of the unfolded prot...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Hetz C,Martinon F,Rodriguez D,Glimcher LH

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intrarenal autoregulatory mechanisms maintain renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) independent of renal perfusion pressure (RPP) over a defined range (80-180 mmHg). Such autoregulation is mediated largely by the myogenic and the macula densa-tubuloglomerular feedback (MD-TGF) responses that regu...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Carlström M,Wilcox CS,Arendshorst WJ

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The major areas of normal coronary physiological research since Berne's 1964 review have been the measurement of ventricular transmural blood flow distribution with microspheres, the adenosine hypothesis of local metabolic control of coronary blood flow, and the autonomic control of coronary blood flow. There is an im...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Feigl EO

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The vertebrate control of locomotion involves all levels of the nervous system from cortex to the spinal cord. Here, we aim to cover all main aspects of this complex behavior, from the operation of the microcircuits in the spinal cord to the systems and behavioral levels and extend from mammalian locomotion to the bas...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Grillner S,El Manira A

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The birth of molecular cardiology can be traced to the development and implementation of high-fidelity genetic approaches for manipulating the heart. Recombinant viral vector-based technology offers a highly effective approach to genetically engineer cardiac muscle in vitro and in vivo. This review highlights discover...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Davis J,Westfall MV,Townsend D,Blankinship M,Herron TJ,Guerrero-Serna G,Wang W,Devaney E,Metzger JM

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) exhibit several growth responses to agonists that regulate their function including proliferation (hyperplasia with an increase in cell number), hypertrophy (an increase in cell size without change in DNA content), endoreduplication (an increase in DNA content and usually size), and...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Berk BC

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is generally accepted that metabolism is able to shape the immune response. Only recently we are gaining awareness that the metabolic crosstalk between different tumor compartments strongly contributes to the harsh tumor microenvironment (TME) and ultimately impairs immune cell fitness and effector functions. The m...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Riera-Domingo C,Audigé A,Granja S,Cheng WC,Ho PC,Baltazar F,Stockmann C,Mazzone M

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendritic cells (DCs) are bone marrow-derived cells of both lymphoid and myeloid stem cell origin that populate all lymphoid organs including the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes, as well as nearly all nonlymphoid tissues and organs. Although DCs are a moderately diverse set of cells, they all have potent antigen-prese...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Lipscomb MF,Masten BJ

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The minK gene encodes a protein of 130 amino acids that has a single transmembrane segment and is expressed in many tissues including heart, uterus, and kidney. When Xenopus oocytes are injected with minK mRNA, a very slowly activating voltage-dependent potassium current is induced in these cells. The induced channels...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Kaczmarek LK,Blumenthal EM

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review is devoted to the molecular genetics and bioenergetics of human mitochondria related to the mechanism of aging. Morphological and functional changes of mitochondria associated with age and age-related disease are overviewed with special reference to the changes in enzymes encoded by mitochondrial-inherent ...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Ozawa T

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are two main classes of hormones in insects: 1) the true hormones produced by epithelial glands and belonging to the ecdysteroids or juvenile hormones and 2) the neuropeptide hormones produced by neurosecretory cells. Members of these classes regulate physiological, developmental, and behavioral events in insect...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Gäde G,Hoffmann KH,Spring JH

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Up to 50% of cancer patients suffer from a progressive atrophy of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, called cachexia, resulting in weight loss, a reduced quality of life, and a shortened survival time. Anorexia often accompanies cachexia, but appears not to be responsible for the tissue loss, particularly lean body m...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Tisdale MJ

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multidrug Resistance Proteins (MRPs), together with the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator (CFTR/ABCC7) and the sulfonylurea receptors (SUR1/ABCC8 and SUR2/ABCC9) comprise the 13 members of the human "C" branch of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) superfamily. All C branch proteins share conserved structural features ...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Deeley RG,Westlake C,Cole SP

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cutaneous melanin pigment plays a critical role in camouflage, mimicry, social communication, and protection against harmful effects of solar radiation. Melanogenesis is under complex regulatory control by multiple agents interacting via pathways activated by receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms, in hormonal...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Slominski A,Tobin DJ,Shibahara S,Wortsman J

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The multifunctional Ca(2+)- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is now recognized to play a central role in pathological events in the cardiovascular system. CaMKII has diverse downstream targets that promote vascular disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias, so improved understanding of CaMKII signalin...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Erickson JR,He BJ,Grumbach IM,Anderson ME

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Muscular dystrophies represent a large group of genetic disorders that significantly impair quality of life and often progress to premature death. There is no effective treatment for these debilitating diseases. Most therapies, developed to date, focus on alleviating the symptoms or targeting the secondary effects, wh...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Zhang Y,Long C,Bassel-Duby R,Olson EN

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial cells respond to various electrical, mechanical, and chemical stimuli, including neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and hormones, with an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). The increases exhibit a variety of temporal and spatial patterns. These [Ca2+]i responses result from the coordinated ...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Verkhratsky A,Orkand RK,Kettenmann H

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endothelial cells (ECs) are more than inert blood vessel lining material. Instead, they are active players in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) both in health and (life-threatening) diseases. Recently, a new concept arose by which EC metabolism drives angiogenesis in parallel to well-established angiog...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Eelen G,de Zeeuw P,Treps L,Harjes U,Wong BW,Carmeliet P

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiac myocytes rapidly proliferate during fetal life but exit the cell cycle soon after birth in mammals. Although the extent to which adult cardiac myocytes are capable of cell cycle reentry is controversial and species-specific differences may exist, it appears that for the vast majority of adult cardiac myocytes ...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Ahuja P,Sdek P,MacLellan WR

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peripheral mediators can contribute to the development and maintenance of inflammatory and neuropathic pain and its concomitants (hyperalgesia and allodynia) via two mechanisms. Activation or excitation by these substances of nociceptive nerve endings or fibers implicates generation of action potentials which then tra...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Petho G,Reeh PW

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cutaneous wound healing is a complex process involving blood clotting, inflammation, new tissue formation, and finally tissue remodeling. It is well described at the histological level, but the genes that regulate skin repair have only partially been identified. Many experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Werner S,Grose R

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this review is to provide basic information on the electrophysiological changes during acute ischemia and reperfusion from the level of ion channels up to the level of multicellular preparations. After an introduction, section II provides a general description of the ion channels and electrogenic transporte...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Carmeliet E

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein toxins such as ricin and Shiga toxin with intracellular targets have to be endocytosed and translocated to the cytosol to inhibit the protein synthesis and thereby kill the cell. Ricin is internalized by both clathrin-dependent and -independent endocytic mechanisms, whereas Shiga toxin seems to be taken up exc...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Sandvig K,van Deurs B

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The classic concept of gastrointestinal endocrinology is that of a few peptides released to the circulation from endocrine cells, which are interspersed among other mucosal cells in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Today more than 30 peptide hormone genes are known to be expressed throughout the digestive tract, whic...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Rehfeld JF

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been suggested that highly social mammals, such as naked mole rats and humans, are long-lived due to neoteny (the prolongation of youth). In both species, aging cannot operate as a mechanism facilitating natural selection because the pressure of this selection is strongly reduced due to 1) a specific social str...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Skulachev VP,Holtze S,Vyssokikh MY,Bakeeva LE,Skulachev MV,Markov AV,Hildebrandt TB,Sadovnichii VA

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NHE3 is the brush-border (BB) Na(+)/H(+) exchanger of small intestine, colon, and renal proximal tubule which is involved in large amounts of neutral Na(+) absorption. NHE3 is a highly regulated transporter, being both stimulated and inhibited by signaling that mimics the postprandial state. It also undergoes downregu...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Donowitz M,Li X

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review focuses on the molecular stratagems utilized by bacteria, yeast, and mammals in their adaptation to hypoxia. Among this broad range of organisms, changes in oxygen tension appear to be sensed by heme proteins, with subsequent transfer of electrons along a signal transduction pathway which may depend on rea...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Bunn HF,Poyton RO

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00