Abstract:
:The major areas of normal coronary physiological research since Berne's 1964 review have been the measurement of ventricular transmural blood flow distribution with microspheres, the adenosine hypothesis of local metabolic control of coronary blood flow, and the autonomic control of coronary blood flow. There is an improved understanding of intramyocardial tissue pressure and extravascular compressive forces on coronary vessels. However, the unexpected finding of zero flow during a prolonged diastole with a coronary artery pressure of 40 mmHg (PZF) is a reminder that the physical forces, including vascular smooth muscle contraction, that determine coronary vascular resistance are incompletely understood. During normal circumstances, the left ventricular subendocardium probably receives more blood flow than the subepicardium does, but the difference is small. When the coronary circulation is compromised by stenosis or aortic valve lesions, the subendocardium is much more vulnerable to underperfusion than is the subepicardium. The coronary vasodilating effect of arterial hypoxia has been confirmed in many studies, but the role of tissue oxygen tension in local metabolic control of coronary blood flow during normoxia is unknown. The coronary vasodilating action of carbon dioxide has received renewed attention, but its role in local control is also unknown. The adenosine hypothesis has passed several critical tests, but despite much research the importance of adenosine in normal coronary regulation is not established. Local metabolic control of coronary blood flow probably involves more than just one factor, but a unified hypothesis has not been put forward. Sympathetic alpha-receptor-mediated coronary vasoconstriction has been demonstrated by nerve stimulation and during a carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex. Sympathetic coronary vasoconstriction is capable of competing with local metabolic control to lower coronary venous oxygen tension under experimental circumstances, but its importance during normal resting conditions is not established. Parasympathetic muscarinic coronary vasodilation has been shown by vagal nerve stimulation, but a role for it during normal blood flow regulation has yet to be demonstrated. There have been elegant descriptive studies of the coronary blood flow response during excitement and exercise, where coronary blood flow increases pari passu with myocardial metabolism; however, there are also data that indicate a concomitant sympathetic vasoconstrictor effect during strenuous exercise. Overall there has been encouraging progress in coronary physiology. Inevitably new knowledge has focused old questions and presented new ones.
journal_name
Physiol Revjournal_title
Physiological reviewsauthors
Feigl EOdoi
10.1152/physrev.1983.63.1.1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-01-01 00:00:00pages
1-205issue
1eissn
0031-9333issn
1522-1210journal_volume
63pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The minK gene encodes a protein of 130 amino acids that has a single transmembrane segment and is expressed in many tissues including heart, uterus, and kidney. When Xenopus oocytes are injected with minK mRNA, a very slowly activating voltage-dependent potassium current is induced in these cells. The induced channels...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1997.77.3.627
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intrarenal autoregulatory mechanisms maintain renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) independent of renal perfusion pressure (RPP) over a defined range (80-180 mmHg). Such autoregulation is mediated largely by the myogenic and the macula densa-tubuloglomerular feedback (MD-TGF) responses that regu...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00042.2012
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::For many decades, the inability of lesioned central neurons to regrow was accepted almost as a "law of nature", and on the clinical level, spinal cord and brain lesions were seen as being irreversible. Today we are starting to understand the mechanisms of neuronal regeneration in the central nervous system and its pre...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1996.76.2.319
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research over the past century has revealed the impressive capacities of the honeybee, Apis mellifera, in relation to visual perception, flight guidance, navigation, and learning and memory. These observations, coupled with the relative ease with which these creatures can be trained, and the relative simplicity of the...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00005.2010
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review focuses on the intricate properties of the glomerular barrier. Other reviews have focused on podocyte biology, mesangial cells, and the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). However, since all components of the glomerular membrane are important for its function, proteinuria will occur regardless of which lay...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00055.2006
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::While transport processes for amino acids and glucose have long been known to be expressed in the luminal and abluminal membranes of the endothelium comprising the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers, it is only within the last decades that endothelial and smooth muscle cells derived from peripheral vascular beds h...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00022.2002
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Muscular dystrophies represent a large group of genetic disorders that significantly impair quality of life and often progress to premature death. There is no effective treatment for these debilitating diseases. Most therapies, developed to date, focus on alleviating the symptoms or targeting the secondary effects, wh...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00046.2017
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zinc is involved in a variety of biological processes, as a structural, catalytic, and intracellular and intercellular signaling component. Thus zinc homeostasis is tightly controlled at the whole body, tissue, cellular, and subcellular levels by a number of proteins, with zinc transporters being particularly importan...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00035.2014
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review describes recent progress concerning the molecular aspects of the Na+/H+ exchanger. The Na+/H+ exchanger is an important regulator for intracellular pH, cell volume, and transepithelial Na+ transport. It exists in virtually all cells with cell type-dependent pattern of isoform expression, and it is regulat...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1997.77.1.51
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The key role of vitamin A in embryonal development is reviewed. Special emphasis is given to the physiological action of retinoids, as evident from the retinoid ligand knockout models. Retinoid metabolism in embryonic tissues and teratogenic consequences of retinoid administration at high doses are presented. Physiolo...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.2000.80.3.1021
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is generally accepted that metabolism is able to shape the immune response. Only recently we are gaining awareness that the metabolic crosstalk between different tumor compartments strongly contributes to the harsh tumor microenvironment (TME) and ultimately impairs immune cell fitness and effector functions. The m...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2019
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endothelial cells of the blood and lymphatic vasculature are polarized cells with luminal surfaces specialized to interact with inflammatory cells upon the appropriate stimulation; they contain specialized transcellular transport systems, and their basal surfaces are attached to an extracellular basement membrane. In ...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00014.2004
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oligodendrocytes generate multiple layers of myelin membrane around axons of the central nervous system to enable fast and efficient nerve conduction. Until recently, saltatory nerve conduction was considered the only purpose of myelin, but it is now clear that myelin has more functions. In fact, myelinating oligodend...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00031.2018
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review focuses on the molecular stratagems utilized by bacteria, yeast, and mammals in their adaptation to hypoxia. Among this broad range of organisms, changes in oxygen tension appear to be sensed by heme proteins, with subsequent transfer of electrons along a signal transduction pathway which may depend on rea...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1996.76.3.839
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eukaryotes are characterized by endomembranes that are connected by vesicular transport along secretory and endocytic pathways. The compositional differences between the various cellular membranes are maintained by sorting events, and it has long been believed that sorting is based solely on protein-protein interactio...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.4.1689
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Angiotensin (ANG) II is a powerful and phylogenetically widespread stimulus to thirst and sodium appetite. When it is injected directly into sensitive areas of the brain, it causes an immediate increase in water intake followed by a slower increase in NaCl intake. Drinking is vigorous, highly motivated, and rapidly co...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1998.78.3.583
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review summarizes the receptor-mediated vascular activities of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and the structurally related peptide adrenomedullin (AM). CGRP is a 37-amino acid neuropeptide, primarily released from sensory nerves, whilst AM is produced by stimulated vascular cells, and amylin is secreted f...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00037.2003
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To a certain extent, all cellular, physiological, and pathological phenomena that occur in cells are accompanied by ionic changes. The development of techniques allowing the measurement of such ion activities has contributed substantially to our understanding of normal and abnormal cellular function. Digital video mic...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1999.79.4.1089
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::NHE3 is the brush-border (BB) Na(+)/H(+) exchanger of small intestine, colon, and renal proximal tubule which is involved in large amounts of neutral Na(+) absorption. NHE3 is a highly regulated transporter, being both stimulated and inhibited by signaling that mimics the postprandial state. It also undergoes downregu...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00030.2006
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the 60 years that have passed since the discovery of the mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone, much has been learned about its synthesis (both adrenal and extra-adrenal), regulation (by renin-angiotensin II, potassium, adrenocorticotrophin, and other factors), and effects (on both epithelial and nonepithelial tiss...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00026.2015
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the last decade, earlier suggestions that insulin acts at the plasma membrane level via combination with receptors have been amply confirmed in studies of 125I-labeled insulin binding kinetics. Efforts have been devoted to the development of homogeneous, stable, and bioactive tracers, and a preparation of monoi...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1984.64.4.1321
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prolactin is a protein hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that was originally named for its ability to promote lactation in response to the suckling stimulus of hungry young mammals. We now know that prolactin is not as simple as originally described. Indeed, chemically, prolactin appears in a multiplicity of pos...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.2000.80.4.1523
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glial cells respond to various electrical, mechanical, and chemical stimuli, including neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and hormones, with an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). The increases exhibit a variety of temporal and spatial patterns. These [Ca2+]i responses result from the coordinated ...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1998.78.1.99
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given the large amount of genome-wide data that have been collected during the last decades, a good understanding of how and why cells change during development, homeostasis, and disease might be expected. Unfortunately, the opposite is true; triggers that cause cellular state changes remain elusive, and the underlyin...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/physrev.00034.2019
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Voltage-sensing phosphatase (VSP) contains a voltage sensor domain (VSD) similar to that in voltage-gated ion channels, and a phosphoinositide phosphatase region similar to phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN). The VSP gene is conserved from unicellular organisms to higher vertebrates. Membra...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00056.2017
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been suggested that highly social mammals, such as naked mole rats and humans, are long-lived due to neoteny (the prolongation of youth). In both species, aging cannot operate as a mechanism facilitating natural selection because the pressure of this selection is strongly reduced due to 1) a specific social str...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00040.2015
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review focused on results obtained with methods that allow studies of ionic channels in situ, namely, patch clamping and current-noise analysis. We reported findings for ionic channels in apical and basolateral plasma membranes of various tight and leaky epithelia from a wide range of animal species and tissues. ...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1985.65.4.833
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as by-products of normal cellular metabolic activities. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase are the enzymes involved in protecting cells from the damaging effects of ROS. ROS are produced in response to ultraviolet radiation, cigarette smoking, alcohol...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00040.2012
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery of cannabinoid receptors and subsequent identification of their endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids) in early 1990s have greatly accelerated research on cannabinoid actions in the brain. Then, the discovery in 2001 that endocannabinoids mediate retrograde synaptic signaling has opened up a new era for c...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00019.2008
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The past two decades have witnessed an explosive growth of knowledge regarding postischemic myocardial dysfunction or myocardial "stunning." The purpose of this review is to summarize current information regarding the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of this phenomenon. Myocardial stunning should not be regarded as a ...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1999.79.2.609
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00