Abstract:
:This review focuses on the molecular stratagems utilized by bacteria, yeast, and mammals in their adaptation to hypoxia. Among this broad range of organisms, changes in oxygen tension appear to be sensed by heme proteins, with subsequent transfer of electrons along a signal transduction pathway which may depend on reactive oxygen species. These heme-based sensors are generally two-domain proteins. Some are hemokinases, while others are flavohemoproteins [flavohemoglobins and NAD(P)H oxidases]. Hypoxia-dependent kinase activation of transcription factors in nitrogen-fixing bacteria bears a striking analogy to the phosphorylation of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in mammalian cells. Moreover, redox chemistry appears to play a critical role both in the trans-activation of oxygen-responsive genes in unicellular organisms as well as in the activation of HIF-1. In yeast and bacteria, regulatory operons coordinate expression of genes responsible for adaptive responses to hypoxia and hyperoxia. Similarly, in mammals, combinatorial interactions of HIF-1 with other identified transcription factors are required for the hypoxic induction of physiologically important genes.
journal_name
Physiol Revjournal_title
Physiological reviewsauthors
Bunn HF,Poyton ROdoi
10.1152/physrev.1996.76.3.839subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-07-01 00:00:00pages
839-85issue
3eissn
0031-9333issn
1522-1210journal_volume
76pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Traditionally the auditory system was considered a hard-wired sensory system; this view has been challenged in recent years in light of the plasticity of other sensory systems, particularly the visual and somatosensory systems. Practical experience in clinical audiology together with the use of prosthetic devices, suc...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00002.2002
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00040.2012
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1152/physrev.00031.2011
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intrarenal autoregulatory mechanisms maintain renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) independent of renal perfusion pressure (RPP) over a defined range (80-180 mmHg). Such autoregulation is mediated largely by the myogenic and the macula densa-tubuloglomerular feedback (MD-TGF) responses that regu...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00042.2012
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1996.76.4.949
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00019.2005
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00055.2006
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1998.78.3.583
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1993.73.3.617
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.1.299
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00048.2010
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Up to 50% of cancer patients suffer from a progressive atrophy of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, called cachexia, resulting in weight loss, a reduced quality of life, and a shortened survival time. Anorexia often accompanies cachexia, but appears not to be responsible for the tissue loss, particularly lean body m...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00016.2008
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cone snails (genus Conus) are venomous marine molluscs that use small, structured peptide toxins (conotoxins) for prey capture, defense, and competitor deterrence. Each of the 500 Conus can express approximately 100 different conotoxins, with little overlap between species. An overwhelming majority of these peptid...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00020.2003
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00014.2004
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemoglobin (Hb) occurs in all the kingdoms of living organisms. Its distribution is episodic among the nonvertebrate groups in contrast to vertebrates. Nonvertebrate Hbs range from single-chain globins found in bacteria, algae, protozoa, and plants to large, multisubunit, multidomain Hbs found in nematodes, molluscs a...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.2.569
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The function and survival of all organisms is dependent on the dynamic control of energy metabolism, when energy demand is matched to energy supply. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) alphabetagamma heterotrimer has emerged as an important integrator of signals that control energy balance through the regulation o...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00011.2008
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the 60 years that have passed since the discovery of the mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone, much has been learned about its synthesis (both adrenal and extra-adrenal), regulation (by renin-angiotensin II, potassium, adrenocorticotrophin, and other factors), and effects (on both epithelial and nonepithelial tiss...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00026.2015
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery of cannabinoid receptors and subsequent identification of their endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids) in early 1990s have greatly accelerated research on cannabinoid actions in the brain. Then, the discovery in 2001 that endocannabinoids mediate retrograde synaptic signaling has opened up a new era for c...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00019.2008
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The multifunctional Ca(2+)- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is now recognized to play a central role in pathological events in the cardiovascular system. CaMKII has diverse downstream targets that promote vascular disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias, so improved understanding of CaMKII signalin...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2010
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Propagation of excitation in the heart involves action potential (AP) generation by cardiac cells and its propagation in the multicellular tissue. AP conduction is the outcome of complex interactions between cellular electrical activity, electrical cell-to-cell communication, and the cardiac tissue structure. As shown...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00025.2003
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oligodendrocytes generate multiple layers of myelin membrane around axons of the central nervous system to enable fast and efficient nerve conduction. Until recently, saltatory nerve conduction was considered the only purpose of myelin, but it is now clear that myelin has more functions. In fact, myelinating oligodend...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00031.2018
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To a certain extent, all cellular, physiological, and pathological phenomena that occur in cells are accompanied by ionic changes. The development of techniques allowing the measurement of such ion activities has contributed substantially to our understanding of normal and abnormal cellular function. Digital video mic...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1999.79.4.1089
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this review is to provide basic information on the electrophysiological changes during acute ischemia and reperfusion from the level of ion channels up to the level of multicellular preparations. After an introduction, section II provides a general description of the ion channels and electrogenic transporte...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1999.79.3.917
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cutaneous melanin pigment plays a critical role in camouflage, mimicry, social communication, and protection against harmful effects of solar radiation. Melanogenesis is under complex regulatory control by multiple agents interacting via pathways activated by receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms, in hormonal...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00044.2003
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are serine-threonine protein kinases that are activated by diverse stimuli ranging from cytokines, growth factors, neurotransmitters, hormones, cellular stress, and cell adherence. Mitogen-activated protein kinases are expressed in all eukaryotic cells. The basic assembly of MA...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1999.79.1.143
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intercellular calcium (Ca(2+)) waves (ICWs) represent the propagation of increases in intracellular Ca(2+) through a syncytium of cells and appear to be a fundamental mechanism for coordinating multicellular responses. ICWs occur in a wide diversity of cells and have been extensively studied in vitro. More recent stud...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00029.2011
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The birth of molecular cardiology can be traced to the development and implementation of high-fidelity genetic approaches for manipulating the heart. Recombinant viral vector-based technology offers a highly effective approach to genetically engineer cardiac muscle in vitro and in vivo. This review highlights discover...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00039.2007
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review is devoted to the molecular genetics and bioenergetics of human mitochondria related to the mechanism of aging. Morphological and functional changes of mitochondria associated with age and age-related disease are overviewed with special reference to the changes in enzymes encoded by mitochondrial-inherent ...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1997.77.2.425
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cardiac muscle and the coronary vasculature are in close proximity to each other, and a two-way interaction, called cross-talk, exists. Here we focus on the mechanical aspects of cross-talk including the role of the extracellular matrix. Cardiac muscle affects the coronary vasculature. In diastole, the effect of t...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00029.2005
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The anterior pituitary gland has the ability to respond to complex signals derived from central and peripheral systems. Perception of these signals and their integration are mediated by cell interactions and cross-talk of multiple signaling transduction pathways and transcriptional regulatory networks that cooperate f...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00003.2011
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00