Abstract:
:The anterior pituitary gland has the ability to respond to complex signals derived from central and peripheral systems. Perception of these signals and their integration are mediated by cell interactions and cross-talk of multiple signaling transduction pathways and transcriptional regulatory networks that cooperate for hormone secretion, cell plasticity, and ultimately specific pituitary responses that are essential for an appropriate physiological response. We discuss the physiopathological and molecular mechanisms related to this integrative regulatory system of the anterior pituitary gland and how it contributes to modulate the gland functions and impacts on body homeostasis.
journal_name
Physiol Revjournal_title
Physiological reviewsauthors
Perez-Castro C,Renner U,Haedo MR,Stalla GK,Arzt Edoi
10.1152/physrev.00003.2011subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-01-01 00:00:00pages
1-38issue
1eissn
0031-9333issn
1522-1210pii
92/1/1journal_volume
92pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The major areas of normal coronary physiological research since Berne's 1964 review have been the measurement of ventricular transmural blood flow distribution with microspheres, the adenosine hypothesis of local metabolic control of coronary blood flow, and the autonomic control of coronary blood flow. There is an im...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1983.63.1.1
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small GTPases use GDP/GTP alternation to actuate a variety of functional switches that are pivotal for cell dynamics. The GTPase switch is turned on by GEFs, which stimulate dissociation of the tightly bound GDP, and turned off by GAPs, which accelerate the intrinsically sluggish hydrolysis of GTP. For Ras, Rho, and R...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00003.2012
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::While transport processes for amino acids and glucose have long been known to be expressed in the luminal and abluminal membranes of the endothelium comprising the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers, it is only within the last decades that endothelial and smooth muscle cells derived from peripheral vascular beds h...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00022.2002
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as by-products of normal cellular metabolic activities. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase are the enzymes involved in protecting cells from the damaging effects of ROS. ROS are produced in response to ultraviolet radiation, cigarette smoking, alcohol...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00040.2012
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dendritic cells (DCs) are bone marrow-derived cells of both lymphoid and myeloid stem cell origin that populate all lymphoid organs including the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes, as well as nearly all nonlymphoid tissues and organs. Although DCs are a moderately diverse set of cells, they all have potent antigen-prese...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00023.2001
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In electrically nonexcitable cells, Ca(2+) influx is essential for regulating a host of kinetically distinct processes involving exocytosis, enzyme control, gene regulation, cell growth and proliferation, and apoptosis. The major Ca(2+) entry pathway in these cells is the store-operated one, in which the emptying of i...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00057.2003
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the last decade, earlier suggestions that insulin acts at the plasma membrane level via combination with receptors have been amply confirmed in studies of 125I-labeled insulin binding kinetics. Efforts have been devoted to the development of homogeneous, stable, and bioactive tracers, and a preparation of monoi...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1984.64.4.1321
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been suggested that highly social mammals, such as naked mole rats and humans, are long-lived due to neoteny (the prolongation of youth). In both species, aging cannot operate as a mechanism facilitating natural selection because the pressure of this selection is strongly reduced due to 1) a specific social str...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00040.2015
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The last 10 years have witnessed a surge of interest for the mechanisms underlying the acquisition and extinction of classically conditioned fear responses. In part, this results from the realization that abnormalities in fear learning mechanisms likely participate in the development and/or maintenance of human anxiet...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00037.2009
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemoglobin (Hb) occurs in all the kingdoms of living organisms. Its distribution is episodic among the nonvertebrate groups in contrast to vertebrates. Nonvertebrate Hbs range from single-chain globins found in bacteria, algae, protozoa, and plants to large, multisubunit, multidomain Hbs found in nematodes, molluscs a...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.2.569
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zinc is involved in a variety of biological processes, as a structural, catalytic, and intracellular and intercellular signaling component. Thus zinc homeostasis is tightly controlled at the whole body, tissue, cellular, and subcellular levels by a number of proteins, with zinc transporters being particularly importan...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00035.2014
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review describes recent progress concerning the molecular aspects of the Na+/H+ exchanger. The Na+/H+ exchanger is an important regulator for intracellular pH, cell volume, and transepithelial Na+ transport. It exists in virtually all cells with cell type-dependent pattern of isoform expression, and it is regulat...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1997.77.1.51
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The classic concept of gastrointestinal endocrinology is that of a few peptides released to the circulation from endocrine cells, which are interspersed among other mucosal cells in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Today more than 30 peptide hormone genes are known to be expressed throughout the digestive tract, whic...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1998.78.4.1087
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although opioids are highly effective for the treatment of pain, they are also known to be intensely addictive. There has been a massive research investment in the development of opioid analgesics, resulting in a plethora of compounds with varying affinity and efficacy at all the known opioid receptor subtypes. Althou...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.1.299
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the 60 years that have passed since the discovery of the mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone, much has been learned about its synthesis (both adrenal and extra-adrenal), regulation (by renin-angiotensin II, potassium, adrenocorticotrophin, and other factors), and effects (on both epithelial and nonepithelial tiss...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00026.2015
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that provide nutrients, recycle neurotransmitters, as well as fulfill a wide range of other homeostasis maintaining functions. During the past two decades, astrocytes emerged also as increasingly important regulators of neuronal functions inclu...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00041.2013
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-chain fatty acids and lipids serve a wide variety of functions in mammalian homeostasis, particularly in the formation and dynamic properties of biological membranes and as fuels for energy production in tissues such as heart and skeletal muscle. On the other hand, long-chain fatty acid metabolites may exert toxi...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00003.2009
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A careful review of several different organs shows that with the information available today the beginnings of the microlymphatics in the tissue consist of endothelialized tubes only. Lymphatic smooth muscle within the collecting lymphatics appears further downstream, in some organs only outside the parenchyma. This p...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1990.70.4.987
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The urothelium, which lines the inner surface of the renal pelvis, the ureters, and the urinary bladder, not only forms a high-resistance barrier to ion, solute and water flux, and pathogens, but also functions as an integral part of a sensory web which receives, amplifies, and transmits information about its external...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00030.2012
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is generally accepted that metabolism is able to shape the immune response. Only recently we are gaining awareness that the metabolic crosstalk between different tumor compartments strongly contributes to the harsh tumor microenvironment (TME) and ultimately impairs immune cell fitness and effector functions. The m...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2019
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::NHE3 is the brush-border (BB) Na(+)/H(+) exchanger of small intestine, colon, and renal proximal tubule which is involved in large amounts of neutral Na(+) absorption. NHE3 is a highly regulated transporter, being both stimulated and inhibited by signaling that mimics the postprandial state. It also undergoes downregu...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00030.2006
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distal tubule of the mammalian kidney, defined as the region between the macula densa and the collecting duct, is morphologically and functionally heterogeneous. This heterogeneity has stymied attempts to define functional properties of individual cell types and has led to controversy concerning mechanisms and reg...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.2000.80.1.277
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cardiac muscle and the coronary vasculature are in close proximity to each other, and a two-way interaction, called cross-talk, exists. Here we focus on the mechanical aspects of cross-talk including the role of the extracellular matrix. Cardiac muscle affects the coronary vasculature. In diastole, the effect of t...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00029.2005
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The life history of fibroblast and fibroblast-like cells includes an initial stage of outgrowth and establishment in culture; a period of vigorous proliferation which has a variable length, depending on the tissue of origin, age of the donor, etc.; a period of declining proliferative vigor which includes substantial c...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1993.73.3.617
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glucose is an important fuel for contracting muscle, and normal glucose metabolism is vital for health. Glucose enters the muscle cell via facilitated diffusion through the GLUT4 glucose transporter which translocates from intracellular storage depots to the plasma membrane and T-tubules upon muscle contraction. Here ...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00038.2012
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multidrug Resistance Proteins (MRPs), together with the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator (CFTR/ABCC7) and the sulfonylurea receptors (SUR1/ABCC8 and SUR2/ABCC9) comprise the 13 members of the human "C" branch of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) superfamily. All C branch proteins share conserved structural features ...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00035.2005
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intercellular calcium (Ca(2+)) waves (ICWs) represent the propagation of increases in intracellular Ca(2+) through a syncytium of cells and appear to be a fundamental mechanism for coordinating multicellular responses. ICWs occur in a wide diversity of cells and have been extensively studied in vitro. More recent stud...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.00029.2011
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The kidneys play a vital role in mineral homeostasis. In this review, the handling of calcium and the methods currently applied to measuring its intracellular concentration are discussed. The bulk of calcium absorption proceeds in proximal tubules, with smaller fractions recovered by thick ascending limbs, distal conv...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1995.75.3.429
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::For many decades, the inability of lesioned central neurons to regrow was accepted almost as a "law of nature", and on the clinical level, spinal cord and brain lesions were seen as being irreversible. Today we are starting to understand the mechanisms of neuronal regeneration in the central nervous system and its pre...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1996.76.2.319
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are two main classes of hormones in insects: 1) the true hormones produced by epithelial glands and belonging to the ecdysteroids or juvenile hormones and 2) the neuropeptide hormones produced by neurosecretory cells. Members of these classes regulate physiological, developmental, and behavioral events in insect...
journal_title:Physiological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/physrev.1997.77.4.963
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00