The Arp2/3 Regulatory System and Its Deregulation in Cancer.

abstract：:In the last few years there has been a veritable explosion of knowledge about cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. In particular, the accumulating data showing that there are a large number of different phosphodiesterase isozymes have triggered an equally large increase in interest about these enzymes. At least seven...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Beavo JA

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neuromuscular junction is the chemical synapse between motor neurons and skeletal muscle fibers. It is designed to reliably convert the action potential from the presynaptic motor neuron into the contraction of the postsynaptic muscle fiber. Diseases that affect the neuromuscular junction may cause failure of this...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Tintignac LA,Brenner HR,Rüegg MA

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Animals synchronize to the environmental day-night cycle by means of an internal circadian clock in the brain. In mammals, this timekeeping mechanism is housed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and is entrained by light input from the retina. One output of the SCN is a neural code for circadian ...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Harvey JRM,Plante AE,Meredith AL

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Given the large amount of genome-wide data that have been collected during the last decades, a good understanding of how and why cells change during development, homeostasis, and disease might be expected. Unfortunately, the opposite is true; triggers that cause cellular state changes remain elusive, and the underlyin...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Breunig CT,Köferle A,Neuner AM,Wiesbeck MF,Baumann V,Stricker SH

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intrarenal autoregulatory mechanisms maintain renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) independent of renal perfusion pressure (RPP) over a defined range (80-180 mmHg). Such autoregulation is mediated largely by the myogenic and the macula densa-tubuloglomerular feedback (MD-TGF) responses that regu...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Carlström M,Wilcox CS,Arendshorst WJ

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endothelial cells of the blood and lymphatic vasculature are polarized cells with luminal surfaces specialized to interact with inflammatory cells upon the appropriate stimulation; they contain specialized transcellular transport systems, and their basal surfaces are attached to an extracellular basement membrane. In ...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Hallmann R,Horn N,Selg M,Wendler O,Pausch F,Sorokin LM

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Long-chain fatty acids and lipids serve a wide variety of functions in mammalian homeostasis, particularly in the formation and dynamic properties of biological membranes and as fuels for energy production in tissues such as heart and skeletal muscle. On the other hand, long-chain fatty acid metabolites may exert toxi...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Glatz JF,Luiken JJ,Bonen A

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The birth of molecular cardiology can be traced to the development and implementation of high-fidelity genetic approaches for manipulating the heart. Recombinant viral vector-based technology offers a highly effective approach to genetically engineer cardiac muscle in vitro and in vivo. This review highlights discover...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Davis J,Westfall MV,Townsend D,Blankinship M,Herron TJ,Guerrero-Serna G,Wang W,Devaney E,Metzger JM

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of cannabinoid receptors and subsequent identification of their endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids) in early 1990s have greatly accelerated research on cannabinoid actions in the brain. Then, the discovery in 2001 that endocannabinoids mediate retrograde synaptic signaling has opened up a new era for c...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Kano M,Ohno-Shosaku T,Hashimotodani Y,Uchigashima M,Watanabe M

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The urothelium, which lines the inner surface of the renal pelvis, the ureters, and the urinary bladder, not only forms a high-resistance barrier to ion, solute and water flux, and pathogens, but also functions as an integral part of a sensory web which receives, amplifies, and transmits information about its external...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Birder L,Andersson KE

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that provide nutrients, recycle neurotransmitters, as well as fulfill a wide range of other homeostasis maintaining functions. During the past two decades, astrocytes emerged also as increasingly important regulators of neuronal functions inclu...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Pekny M,Pekna M

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The kidneys play a vital role in mineral homeostasis. In this review, the handling of calcium and the methods currently applied to measuring its intracellular concentration are discussed. The bulk of calcium absorption proceeds in proximal tubules, with smaller fractions recovered by thick ascending limbs, distal conv...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Friedman PA,Gesek FA

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Muscular dystrophies represent a large group of genetic disorders that significantly impair quality of life and often progress to premature death. There is no effective treatment for these debilitating diseases. Most therapies, developed to date, focus on alleviating the symptoms or targeting the secondary effects, wh...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Zhang Y,Long C,Bassel-Duby R,Olson EN

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For many decades, the inability of lesioned central neurons to regrow was accepted almost as a "law of nature", and on the clinical level, spinal cord and brain lesions were seen as being irreversible. Today we are starting to understand the mechanisms of neuronal regeneration in the central nervous system and its pre...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Schwab ME,Bartholdi D

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The past two decades have witnessed an explosive growth of knowledge regarding postischemic myocardial dysfunction or myocardial "stunning." The purpose of this review is to summarize current information regarding the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of this phenomenon. Myocardial stunning should not be regarded as a ...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Bolli R,Marbán E

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review focuses on the intricate properties of the glomerular barrier. Other reviews have focused on podocyte biology, mesangial cells, and the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). However, since all components of the glomerular membrane are important for its function, proteinuria will occur regardless of which lay...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Haraldsson B,Nyström J,Deen WM

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cardiac muscle and the coronary vasculature are in close proximity to each other, and a two-way interaction, called cross-talk, exists. Here we focus on the mechanical aspects of cross-talk including the role of the extracellular matrix. Cardiac muscle affects the coronary vasculature. In diastole, the effect of t...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Westerhof N,Boer C,Lamberts RR,Sipkema P

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review summarizes the receptor-mediated vascular activities of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and the structurally related peptide adrenomedullin (AM). CGRP is a 37-amino acid neuropeptide, primarily released from sensory nerves, whilst AM is produced by stimulated vascular cells, and amylin is secreted f...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Brain SD,Grant AD

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Zinc is involved in a variety of biological processes, as a structural, catalytic, and intracellular and intercellular signaling component. Thus zinc homeostasis is tightly controlled at the whole body, tissue, cellular, and subcellular levels by a number of proteins, with zinc transporters being particularly importan...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Kambe T,Tsuji T,Hashimoto A,Itsumura N

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review focused on results obtained with methods that allow studies of ionic channels in situ, namely, patch clamping and current-noise analysis. We reported findings for ionic channels in apical and basolateral plasma membranes of various tight and leaky epithelia from a wide range of animal species and tissues. ...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Van Driessche W,Zeiske W

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The minK gene encodes a protein of 130 amino acids that has a single transmembrane segment and is expressed in many tissues including heart, uterus, and kidney. When Xenopus oocytes are injected with minK mRNA, a very slowly activating voltage-dependent potassium current is induced in these cells. The induced channels...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Kaczmarek LK,Blumenthal EM

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review is devoted to the molecular genetics and bioenergetics of human mitochondria related to the mechanism of aging. Morphological and functional changes of mitochondria associated with age and age-related disease are overviewed with special reference to the changes in enzymes encoded by mitochondrial-inherent ...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Ozawa T

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cone snails (genus Conus) are venomous marine molluscs that use small, structured peptide toxins (conotoxins) for prey capture, defense, and competitor deterrence. Each of the 500 Conus can express approximately 100 different conotoxins, with little overlap between species. An overwhelming majority of these peptid...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Terlau H,Olivera BM

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The last 10 years have witnessed a surge of interest for the mechanisms underlying the acquisition and extinction of classically conditioned fear responses. In part, this results from the realization that abnormalities in fear learning mechanisms likely participate in the development and/or maintenance of human anxiet...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Pape HC,Pare D

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Voltage-sensing phosphatase (VSP) contains a voltage sensor domain (VSD) similar to that in voltage-gated ion channels, and a phosphoinositide phosphatase region similar to phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN). The VSP gene is conserved from unicellular organisms to higher vertebrates. Membra...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Okamura Y,Kawanabe A,Kawai T

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) exhibit several growth responses to agonists that regulate their function including proliferation (hyperplasia with an increase in cell number), hypertrophy (an increase in cell size without change in DNA content), endoreduplication (an increase in DNA content and usually size), and...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Berk BC

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the 60 years that have passed since the discovery of the mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone, much has been learned about its synthesis (both adrenal and extra-adrenal), regulation (by renin-angiotensin II, potassium, adrenocorticotrophin, and other factors), and effects (on both epithelial and nonepithelial tiss...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Stowasser M,Gordon RD

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pancreatic β-cell secretes insulin in response to elevated plasma glucose. This review applies an external bioenergetic critique to the central processes of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, including glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism, the cytosolic adenine nucleotide pool, and its interaction with plasm...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Nicholls DG

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The function and survival of all organisms is dependent on the dynamic control of energy metabolism, when energy demand is matched to energy supply. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) alphabetagamma heterotrimer has emerged as an important integrator of signals that control energy balance through the regulation o...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Steinberg GR,Kemp BE

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Angiotensin (ANG) II is a powerful and phylogenetically widespread stimulus to thirst and sodium appetite. When it is injected directly into sensitive areas of the brain, it causes an immediate increase in water intake followed by a slower increase in NaCl intake. Drinking is vigorous, highly motivated, and rapidly co...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Fitzsimons JT

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00