SIRT6, a Mammalian Deacylase with Multitasking Abilities.

abstract：:Impairments of vision and hearing are highly prevalent conditions limiting the quality of life and presenting a major socioeconomic burden. For a long time, retinal and cochlear disorders have remained intractable for causal therapies, with sensory rehabilitation limited to glasses, hearing aids, and electrical cochle...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Kleinlogel S,Vogl C,Jeschke M,Neef J,Moser T

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vagal sensory neurons constitute the major afferent supply to the airways and lungs. Subsets of afferents are defined by their embryological origin, molecular profile, neurochemistry, functionality, and anatomical organization, and collectively these nerves are essential for the regulation of respiratory physiology an...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Mazzone SB,Undem BJ

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endothelial cells (ECs) are more than inert blood vessel lining material. Instead, they are active players in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) both in health and (life-threatening) diseases. Recently, a new concept arose by which EC metabolism drives angiogenesis in parallel to well-established angiog...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Eelen G,de Zeeuw P,Treps L,Harjes U,Wong BW,Carmeliet P

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Research over the past century has revealed the impressive capacities of the honeybee, Apis mellifera, in relation to visual perception, flight guidance, navigation, and learning and memory. These observations, coupled with the relative ease with which these creatures can be trained, and the relative simplicity of the...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Srinivasan MV

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peripheral mediators can contribute to the development and maintenance of inflammatory and neuropathic pain and its concomitants (hyperalgesia and allodynia) via two mechanisms. Activation or excitation by these substances of nociceptive nerve endings or fibers implicates generation of action potentials which then tra...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Petho G,Reeh PW

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Muscular dystrophies represent a large group of genetic disorders that significantly impair quality of life and often progress to premature death. There is no effective treatment for these debilitating diseases. Most therapies, developed to date, focus on alleviating the symptoms or targeting the secondary effects, wh...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Zhang Y,Long C,Bassel-Duby R,Olson EN

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are serine-threonine protein kinases that are activated by diverse stimuli ranging from cytokines, growth factors, neurotransmitters, hormones, cellular stress, and cell adherence. Mitogen-activated protein kinases are expressed in all eukaryotic cells. The basic assembly of MA...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Widmann C,Gibson S,Jarpe MB,Johnson GL

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traditionally the auditory system was considered a hard-wired sensory system; this view has been challenged in recent years in light of the plasticity of other sensory systems, particularly the visual and somatosensory systems. Practical experience in clinical audiology together with the use of prosthetic devices, suc...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Syka J

更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Changes in energy regulation occur during normal aging and contribute to the common phenomenon of weight and fat losses late in life. This review synthesizes data on aging-related changes in energy intake and energy expenditure and on the regulation of energy intake and expenditure. The ability of older adults to accu...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Roberts SB,Rosenberg I

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hemoglobin (Hb) occurs in all the kingdoms of living organisms. Its distribution is episodic among the nonvertebrate groups in contrast to vertebrates. Nonvertebrate Hbs range from single-chain globins found in bacteria, algae, protozoa, and plants to large, multisubunit, multidomain Hbs found in nematodes, molluscs a...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Weber RE,Vinogradov SN

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multidrug Resistance Proteins (MRPs), together with the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator (CFTR/ABCC7) and the sulfonylurea receptors (SUR1/ABCC8 and SUR2/ABCC9) comprise the 13 members of the human "C" branch of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) superfamily. All C branch proteins share conserved structural features ...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Deeley RG,Westlake C,Cole SP

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A careful review of several different organs shows that with the information available today the beginnings of the microlymphatics in the tissue consist of endothelialized tubes only. Lymphatic smooth muscle within the collecting lymphatics appears further downstream, in some organs only outside the parenchyma. This p...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Schmid-Schönbein GW

更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cutaneous wound healing is a complex process involving blood clotting, inflammation, new tissue formation, and finally tissue remodeling. It is well described at the histological level, but the genes that regulate skin repair have only partially been identified. Many experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Werner S,Grose R

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Zinc is involved in a variety of biological processes, as a structural, catalytic, and intracellular and intercellular signaling component. Thus zinc homeostasis is tightly controlled at the whole body, tissue, cellular, and subcellular levels by a number of proteins, with zinc transporters being particularly importan...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Kambe T,Tsuji T,Hashimoto A,Itsumura N

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been suggested that highly social mammals, such as naked mole rats and humans, are long-lived due to neoteny (the prolongation of youth). In both species, aging cannot operate as a mechanism facilitating natural selection because the pressure of this selection is strongly reduced due to 1) a specific social str...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Skulachev VP,Holtze S,Vyssokikh MY,Bakeeva LE,Skulachev MV,Markov AV,Hildebrandt TB,Sadovnichii VA

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The microvascular endothelial cell monolayer localized at the critical interface between the blood and vessel wall has the vital functions of regulating tissue fluid balance and supplying the essential nutrients needed for the survival of the organism. The endothelial cell is an exquisite "sensor" that responds to div...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Mehta D,Malik AB

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intrarenal autoregulatory mechanisms maintain renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) independent of renal perfusion pressure (RPP) over a defined range (80-180 mmHg). Such autoregulation is mediated largely by the myogenic and the macula densa-tubuloglomerular feedback (MD-TGF) responses that regu...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Carlström M,Wilcox CS,Arendshorst WJ

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For many decades, the inability of lesioned central neurons to regrow was accepted almost as a "law of nature", and on the clinical level, spinal cord and brain lesions were seen as being irreversible. Today we are starting to understand the mechanisms of neuronal regeneration in the central nervous system and its pre...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Schwab ME,Bartholdi D

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review is devoted to the molecular genetics and bioenergetics of human mitochondria related to the mechanism of aging. Morphological and functional changes of mitochondria associated with age and age-related disease are overviewed with special reference to the changes in enzymes encoded by mitochondrial-inherent ...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Ozawa T

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria and its homologs from diverse marine animals are widely used as universal genetically encoded fluorescent labels. Many laboratories have focused their efforts on identification and development of fluorescent proteins with novel characteristics and en...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Chudakov DM,Matz MV,Lukyanov S,Lukyanov KA

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intercellular calcium (Ca(2+)) waves (ICWs) represent the propagation of increases in intracellular Ca(2+) through a syncytium of cells and appear to be a fundamental mechanism for coordinating multicellular responses. ICWs occur in a wide diversity of cells and have been extensively studied in vitro. More recent stud...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Leybaert L,Sanderson MJ

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endothelial cells of the blood and lymphatic vasculature are polarized cells with luminal surfaces specialized to interact with inflammatory cells upon the appropriate stimulation; they contain specialized transcellular transport systems, and their basal surfaces are attached to an extracellular basement membrane. In ...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Hallmann R,Horn N,Selg M,Wendler O,Pausch F,Sorokin LM

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review focused on results obtained with methods that allow studies of ionic channels in situ, namely, patch clamping and current-noise analysis. We reported findings for ionic channels in apical and basolateral plasma membranes of various tight and leaky epithelia from a wide range of animal species and tissues. ...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Van Driessche W,Zeiske W

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The major areas of normal coronary physiological research since Berne's 1964 review have been the measurement of ventricular transmural blood flow distribution with microspheres, the adenosine hypothesis of local metabolic control of coronary blood flow, and the autonomic control of coronary blood flow. There is an im...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Feigl EO

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The distal tubule of the mammalian kidney, defined as the region between the macula densa and the collecting duct, is morphologically and functionally heterogeneous. This heterogeneity has stymied attempts to define functional properties of individual cell types and has led to controversy concerning mechanisms and reg...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Reilly RF,Ellison DH

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neuromuscular junction is the chemical synapse between motor neurons and skeletal muscle fibers. It is designed to reliably convert the action potential from the presynaptic motor neuron into the contraction of the postsynaptic muscle fiber. Diseases that affect the neuromuscular junction may cause failure of this...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Tintignac LA,Brenner HR,Rüegg MA

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the 60 years that have passed since the discovery of the mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone, much has been learned about its synthesis (both adrenal and extra-adrenal), regulation (by renin-angiotensin II, potassium, adrenocorticotrophin, and other factors), and effects (on both epithelial and nonepithelial tiss...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Stowasser M,Gordon RD

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eukaryotes are characterized by endomembranes that are connected by vesicular transport along secretory and endocytic pathways. The compositional differences between the various cellular membranes are maintained by sorting events, and it has long been believed that sorting is based solely on protein-protein interactio...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Holthuis JC,Pomorski T,Raggers RJ,Sprong H,Van Meer G

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The life history of fibroblast and fibroblast-like cells includes an initial stage of outgrowth and establishment in culture; a period of vigorous proliferation which has a variable length, depending on the tissue of origin, age of the donor, etc.; a period of declining proliferative vigor which includes substantial c...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Cristofalo VJ,Pignolo RJ

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as by-products of normal cellular metabolic activities. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase are the enzymes involved in protecting cells from the damaging effects of ROS. ROS are produced in response to ultraviolet radiation, cigarette smoking, alcohol...

journal_title：Physiological reviews

authors： Bhattacharyya A,Chattopadhyay R,Mitra S,Crowe SE

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00